Turso compatibility with SQLite

This document describes the compatibility of Turso with SQLite.

Table of contents

• Turso compatibility with SQLite
  • Table of contents
  • Overview
    • Features
    • Limitations
  • SQLite query language
    • Statements
      • PRAGMA
    • Expressions
    • SQL functions
      • Scalar functions
      • Mathematical functions
      • Aggregate functions
      • Date and time functions
      • JSON functions
  • SQLite C API
    • Database Connection
    • Prepared Statements
    • Binding Parameters
    • Result Columns
    • Result Values
    • Error Handling
    • Changes and Row IDs
    • Memory Management
    • Callback Functions
    • User-Defined Functions
    • Collation Functions
    • Backup API
    • BLOB I/O
    • WAL Functions
    • Utility Functions
    • Table Metadata
    • Virtual Tables
    • Loadable Extensions
    • Serialization
    • Miscellaneous
    • Turso-specific Extensions
  • SQLite VDBE opcodes
  • SQLite journaling modes
  • Extensions
    • UUID
    • regexp
    • Vector
    • Time
    • Full-Text Search (FTS)
    • CSV
    • Percentile
    • Table-Valued Functions
    • Internal Virtual Tables

Overview

Turso aims to be fully compatible with SQLite, with opt-in features not supported by SQLite.

Features

• ✅ SQLite file format is fully supported
• 🚧 SQLite query language [status] is partially supported
• 🚧 SQLite C API [status] is partially supported

Limitations

• ⛔️ Concurrent access from multiple processes is not supported.
• ⛔️ Vacuum is not supported.

SQLite query language

Statements

Statement	Status	Comment
ALTER TABLE	✅ Yes
ANALYZE	✅ Yes
ATTACH DATABASE	✅ Yes
BEGIN TRANSACTION	✅ Yes
COMMIT TRANSACTION	✅ Yes
CHECK	✅ Yes
CREATE INDEX	✅ Yes
CREATE TABLE	✅ Yes
CREATE TABLE ... STRICT	🚧 Partial	Strict schema mode is experimental.
CREATE TRIGGER	✅ Yes
CREATE VIEW	✅ Yes
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE	✅ Yes
DELETE	✅ Yes
DETACH DATABASE	✅ Yes
DROP INDEX	🚧 Partial	Disabled by default.
DROP TABLE	✅ Yes
DROP TRIGGER	✅ Yes
DROP VIEW	✅ Yes
END TRANSACTION	✅ Yes
EXPLAIN	✅ Yes
INDEXED BY	❌ No
INSERT	✅ Yes
INSERT ... ON CONFLICT (UPSERT)	✅ Yes
ON CONFLICT clause	✅ Yes
REINDEX	❌ No
RELEASE SAVEPOINT	✅ No
REPLACE	✅ Yes
RETURNING clause	✅ Yes
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION	✅ Yes
SAVEPOINT	✅ No
SELECT	✅ Yes
SELECT ... WHERE	✅ Yes
SELECT ... WHERE ... LIKE	✅ Yes
SELECT ... LIMIT	✅ Yes
SELECT ... ORDER BY	✅ Yes
SELECT ... GROUP BY	✅ Yes
SELECT ... HAVING	✅ Yes
SELECT ... JOIN	✅ Yes
SELECT ... CROSS JOIN	❌ No	SQLite CROSS JOIN means "do not reorder joins".
SELECT ... INNER JOIN	✅ Yes
SELECT ... OUTER JOIN	🚧 Partial	no RIGHT JOIN
SELECT ... JOIN USING	✅ Yes
SELECT ... NATURAL JOIN	✅ Yes
UPDATE	✅ Yes
VACUUM	❌ No
WITH clause	🚧 Partial	❌ No RECURSIVE, no MATERIALIZED, only SELECT supported in CTEs
WINDOW functions	🚧 Partial	only default frame definition, no window-specific functions (rank() etc)
GENERATED	❌ No

PRAGMA

Statement	Status	Comment
PRAGMA analysis_limit	❌ No
PRAGMA application_id	✅ Yes
PRAGMA auto_vacuum	❌ No
PRAGMA automatic_index	❌ No
PRAGMA busy_timeout	✅ Yes
PRAGMA cache_size	✅ Yes
PRAGMA cache_spill	🚧 Partial	Enabled/Disabled only
PRAGMA case_sensitive_like	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA cell_size_check	❌ No
PRAGMA checkpoint_fullsync	❌ No
PRAGMA collation_list	❌ No
PRAGMA compile_options	❌ No
PRAGMA count_changes	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA data_store_directory	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA data_version	❌ No
PRAGMA database_list	✅ Yes
PRAGMA default_cache_size	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys	❌ No
PRAGMA empty_result_callbacks	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA encoding	✅ Yes
PRAGMA foreign_key_check	❌ No
PRAGMA foreign_key_list	❌ No
PRAGMA foreign_keys	✅ Yes
PRAGMA freelist_count	✅ Yes
PRAGMA full_column_names	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA fullsync	❌ No
PRAGMA function_list	✅ Yes
PRAGMA hard_heap_limit	❌ No
PRAGMA ignore_check_constraints	✅ Yes
PRAGMA incremental_vacuum	❌ No
PRAGMA index_info	✅ Yes
PRAGMA index_list	✅ Yes
PRAGMA index_xinfo	✅ Yes
PRAGMA integrity_check	✅ Yes
PRAGMA journal_mode	✅ Yes
PRAGMA journal_size_limit	❌ No
PRAGMA legacy_alter_table	❌ No
PRAGMA legacy_file_format	✅ Yes
PRAGMA locking_mode	❌ No
PRAGMA max_page_count	✅ Yes
PRAGMA mmap_size	❌ No
PRAGMA module_list	❌ No
PRAGMA optimize	❌ No
PRAGMA page_count	✅ Yes
PRAGMA page_size	✅ Yes
PRAGMA parser_trace	❌ No
PRAGMA pragma_list	✅ Yes
PRAGMA query_only	✅ Yes
PRAGMA quick_check	✅ Yes
PRAGMA read_uncommitted	❌ No
PRAGMA recursive_triggers	❌ No
PRAGMA reverse_unordered_selects	❌ No
PRAGMA schema_version	✅ Yes	For writes, emulate defensive mode (always noop)
PRAGMA secure_delete	❌ No
PRAGMA short_column_names	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA shrink_memory	❌ No
PRAGMA soft_heap_limit	❌ No
PRAGMA stats	❌ No	Used for testing in SQLite
PRAGMA synchronous	🚧 Partial	OFF and FULL supported
PRAGMA table_info	✅ Yes
PRAGMA table_list	✅ Yes
PRAGMA table_xinfo	✅ Yes
PRAGMA temp_store	✅ Yes
PRAGMA temp_store_directory	Not Needed	deprecated in SQLite
PRAGMA threads	❌ No
PRAGMA trusted_schema	❌ No
PRAGMA user_version	✅ Yes
PRAGMA vdbe_addoptrace	❌ No
PRAGMA vdbe_debug	❌ No
PRAGMA vdbe_listing	❌ No
PRAGMA vdbe_trace	❌ No
PRAGMA wal_autocheckpoint	❌ No
PRAGMA wal_checkpoint	🚧 Partial	Not Needed calling with param (pragma-value)
PRAGMA writable_schema	❌ No

Expressions

Feature support of sqlite expr syntax.

Syntax	Status	Comment
literals	✅ Yes
schema.table.column	🚧 Partial	Schemas aren't supported
unary operator	✅ Yes
binary operator	🚧 Partial	Only %, !<, and !> are unsupported
agg() FILTER (WHERE ...)	❌ No	Is incorrectly ignored
... OVER (...)	❌ No	Is incorrectly ignored
(expr)	✅ Yes
CAST (expr AS type)	✅ Yes
COLLATE	🚧 Partial	Custom Collations not supported
(NOT) LIKE	✅ Yes
(NOT) GLOB	✅ Yes
(NOT) REGEXP	✅ Yes
(NOT) MATCH	❌ No
IS (NOT)	✅ Yes
IS (NOT) DISTINCT FROM	✅ Yes
(NOT) BETWEEN ... AND ...	✅ Yes	Expression is rewritten in the optimizer
(NOT) IN (SELECT...)	✅ Yes
(NOT) EXISTS (SELECT...)	✅ Yes
x <operator> (SELECT...))	🚧 Partial	Only scalar subqueries supported, i.e. not (x,y) = (SELECT...)
CASE WHEN THEN ELSE END	✅ Yes
RAISE	✅ Yes	RAISE('msg') and RAISE(ABORT, 'msg') also work outside triggers.

SQL functions

Scalar functions

Function	Status	Comment
abs(X)	✅ Yes
changes()	🚧 Partial	Still need to support update statements and triggers
char(X1,X2,...,XN)	✅ Yes
coalesce(X,Y,...)	✅ Yes
concat(X,...)	✅ Yes
concat_ws(SEP,X,...)	✅ Yes
format(FORMAT,...)	✅ Yes
glob(X,Y)	✅ Yes
hex(X)	✅ Yes
ifnull(X,Y)	✅ Yes
if(X,Y,Z)	✅ Yes	Alias of iif
iif(X,Y,Z)	✅ Yes
instr(X,Y)	✅ Yes
last_insert_rowid()	✅ Yes
length(X)	✅ Yes
like(X,Y)	✅ Yes
like(X,Y,Z)	✅ Yes
likelihood(X,Y)	✅ Yes
likely(X)	✅ Yes
load_extension(X)	🚧 Partial	Only Turso-native extensions, not SQLite .so/.dll
load_extension(X,Y)	❌ No
lower(X)	✅ Yes
ltrim(X)	✅ Yes
ltrim(X,Y)	✅ Yes
max(X,Y,...)	✅ Yes
min(X,Y,...)	✅ Yes
nullif(X,Y)	✅ Yes
octet_length(X)	✅ Yes
printf(FORMAT,...)	✅ Yes
quote(X)	✅ Yes
random()	✅ Yes
randomblob(N)	✅ Yes
replace(X,Y,Z)	✅ Yes
round(X)	✅ Yes
round(X,Y)	✅ Yes
rtrim(X)	✅ Yes
rtrim(X,Y)	✅ Yes
sign(X)	✅ Yes
soundex(X)	✅ Yes
sqlite_compileoption_get(N)	❌ No
sqlite_compileoption_used(X)	❌ No
sqlite_offset(X)	❌ No
sqlite_source_id()	✅ Yes
sqlite_version()	✅ Yes
substr(X,Y,Z)	✅ Yes
substr(X,Y)	✅ Yes
substring(X,Y,Z)	✅ Yes
substring(X,Y)	✅ Yes
total_changes()	🚧 Partial	Still need to support update statements and triggers
trim(X)	✅ Yes
trim(X,Y)	✅ Yes
typeof(X)	✅ Yes
unhex(X)	✅ Yes
unhex(X,Y)	✅ Yes
unicode(X)	✅ Yes
unlikely(X)	✅ Yes
upper(X)	✅ Yes
unistr(X)	❌ No
zeroblob(N)	✅ Yes

Mathematical functions

Function	Status	Comment
acos(X)	✅ Yes
acosh(X)	✅ Yes
asin(X)	✅ Yes
asinh(X)	✅ Yes
atan(X)	✅ Yes
atan2(Y,X)	✅ Yes
atanh(X)	✅ Yes
ceil(X)	✅ Yes
ceiling(X)	✅ Yes
cos(X)	✅ Yes
cosh(X)	✅ Yes
degrees(X)	✅ Yes
exp(X)	✅ Yes
floor(X)	✅ Yes
ln(X)	✅ Yes
log(B,X)	✅ Yes
log(X)	✅ Yes
log10(X)	✅ Yes
log2(X)	✅ Yes
mod(X,Y)	✅ Yes
pi()	✅ Yes
pow(X,Y)	✅ Yes
power(X,Y)	✅ Yes
radians(X)	✅ Yes
sin(X)	✅ Yes
sinh(X)	✅ Yes
sqrt(X)	✅ Yes
tan(X)	✅ Yes
tanh(X)	✅ Yes
trunc(X)	✅ Yes

Aggregate functions

Function	Status	Comment
avg(X)	✅ Yes
count(X)	✅ Yes
count(*)	✅ Yes
group_concat(X)	✅ Yes
group_concat(X,Y)	✅ Yes
string_agg(X,Y)	✅ Yes
max(X)	✅ Yes
min(X)	✅ Yes
sum(X)	✅ Yes
total(X)	✅ Yes
median(X)	✅ Yes	Requires percentile extension
percentile(Y,P)	✅ Yes	Requires percentile extension
percentile_cont(Y,P)	✅ Yes	Requires percentile extension
percentile_disc(Y,P)	✅ Yes	Requires percentile extension
stddev(X)	✅ Yes	Turso extension

Date and time functions

Function	Status	Comment
date()	✅ Yes
time()	✅ Yes
datetime()	✅ Yes
julianday()	✅ Yes
unixepoch()	✅ Yes
strftime()	✅ Yes
timediff()	✅ Yes

Modifiers:

Modifier	Status	Comment
Days	✅ Yes
Hours	✅ Yes
Minutes	✅ Yes
Seconds	✅ Yes
Months	✅ Yes
Years	✅ Yes
TimeOffset	✅ Yes
DateOffset	✅ Yes
DateTimeOffset	✅ Yes
Ceiling	✅ Yes
Floor	✅ Yes
StartOfMonth	✅ Yes
StartOfYear	✅ Yes
StartOfDay	✅ Yes
Weekday(N)	✅ Yes
Auto	✅ Yes
UnixEpoch	✅ Yes
JulianDay	✅ Yes
Localtime	✅ Yes
Utc	✅ Yes
Subsec	✅ Yes

JSON functions

Function	Status	Comment
json(json)	✅ Yes
jsonb(json)	✅ Yes
json_array(value1,value2,...)	✅ Yes
jsonb_array(value1,value2,...)	✅ Yes
json_array_length(json)	✅ Yes
json_array_length(json,path)	✅ Yes
json_error_position(json)	✅ Yes
json_extract(json,path,...)	✅ Yes
jsonb_extract(json,path,...)	✅ Yes
json -> path	✅ Yes
json ->> path	✅ Yes
json_insert(json,path,value,...)	✅ Yes
jsonb_insert(json,path,value,...)	✅ Yes
json_object(label1,value1,...)	✅ Yes
jsonb_object(label1,value1,...)	✅ Yes
json_patch(json1,json2)	✅ Yes
jsonb_patch(json1,json2)	✅ Yes
json_pretty(json)	✅ Yes
json_remove(json,path,...)	✅ Yes
jsonb_remove(json,path,...)	✅ Yes
json_replace(json,path,value,...)	✅ Yes
jsonb_replace(json,path,value,...)	✅ Yes
json_set(json,path,value,...)	✅ Yes
jsonb_set(json,path,value,...)	✅ Yes
json_type(json)	✅ Yes
json_type(json,path)	✅ Yes
json_valid(json)	✅ Yes
json_valid(json,flags)	✅ Yes
json_quote(value)	✅ Yes
json_group_array(value)	✅ Yes
jsonb_group_array(value)	✅ Yes
json_group_object(label,value)	✅ Yes
jsonb_group_object(name,value)	✅ Yes
json_each(json)	✅ Yes
json_each(json,path)	✅ Yes
json_tree(json)	🚧 Partial	see commented-out tests in json.test
json_tree(json,path)	🚧 Partial	see commented-out tests in json.test

SQLite C API

Database Connection

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_open	✅ Yes
sqlite3_open_v2	🚧 Partial	Delegates to sqlite3_open, flags/VFS ignored
sqlite3_open16	❌ No
sqlite3_close	✅ Yes
sqlite3_close_v2	✅ Yes	Same as sqlite3_close
sqlite3_db_filename	✅ Yes
sqlite3_db_config	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_db_handle	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_db_readonly	❌ No
sqlite3_db_status	❌ No
sqlite3_db_cacheflush	❌ No
sqlite3_db_release_memory	❌ No
sqlite3_db_name	❌ No
sqlite3_db_mutex	❌ No
sqlite3_get_autocommit	✅ Yes
sqlite3_limit	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_initialize	✅ Yes
sqlite3_shutdown	✅ Yes
sqlite3_config	❌ No

Prepared Statements

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_prepare	❌ No
sqlite3_prepare_v2	✅ Yes
sqlite3_prepare_v3	❌ No
sqlite3_prepare16	❌ No
sqlite3_prepare16_v2	❌ No
sqlite3_finalize	✅ Yes
sqlite3_step	✅ Yes
sqlite3_reset	✅ Yes
sqlite3_exec	✅ Yes
sqlite3_stmt_readonly	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_stmt_busy	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_stmt_status	❌ No
sqlite3_sql	❌ No
sqlite3_expanded_sql	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_normalized_sql	❌ No
sqlite3_next_stmt	✅ Yes

Binding Parameters

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_bind_parameter_count	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_parameter_name	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_parameter_index	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_null	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_int	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_int64	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_double	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_text	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_text16	❌ No
sqlite3_bind_text64	❌ No
sqlite3_bind_blob	✅ Yes
sqlite3_bind_blob64	❌ No
sqlite3_bind_value	❌ No
sqlite3_bind_pointer	❌ No
sqlite3_bind_zeroblob	❌ No
sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64	❌ No
sqlite3_clear_bindings	✅ Yes

Result Columns

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_column_count	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_name	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_name16	❌ No
sqlite3_column_decltype	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_decltype16	❌ No
sqlite3_column_type	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_int	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_int64	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_double	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_text	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_text16	❌ No
sqlite3_column_blob	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_bytes	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_bytes16	❌ No
sqlite3_column_value	❌ No
sqlite3_column_table_name	✅ Yes
sqlite3_column_database_name	❌ No
sqlite3_column_origin_name	❌ No
sqlite3_data_count	✅ Yes

Result Values (sqlite3_value)

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_value_type	✅ Yes
sqlite3_value_int	❌ No
sqlite3_value_int64	✅ Yes
sqlite3_value_double	✅ Yes
sqlite3_value_text	✅ Yes
sqlite3_value_text16	❌ No
sqlite3_value_blob	✅ Yes
sqlite3_value_bytes	✅ Yes
sqlite3_value_bytes16	❌ No
sqlite3_value_dup	❌ No
sqlite3_value_free	❌ No
sqlite3_value_nochange	❌ No
sqlite3_value_frombind	❌ No
sqlite3_value_subtype	❌ No
sqlite3_value_pointer	❌ No
sqlite3_value_encoding	❌ No
sqlite3_value_numeric_type	❌ No

Error Handling

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_errcode	✅ Yes
sqlite3_errmsg	✅ Yes
sqlite3_errmsg16	❌ No
sqlite3_errstr	✅ Yes
sqlite3_extended_errcode	✅ Yes
sqlite3_extended_result_codes	❌ No
sqlite3_error_offset	❌ No
sqlite3_system_errno	❌ No

Changes and Row IDs

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_changes	✅ Yes
sqlite3_changes64	✅ Yes
sqlite3_total_changes	✅ Yes
sqlite3_total_changes64	❌ No
sqlite3_last_insert_rowid	✅ Yes
sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid	❌ No

Memory Management

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_malloc	✅ Yes
sqlite3_malloc64	✅ Yes
sqlite3_free	✅ Yes
sqlite3_realloc	❌ No
sqlite3_realloc64	❌ No
sqlite3_msize	❌ No
sqlite3_memory_used	❌ No
sqlite3_memory_highwater	❌ No
sqlite3_soft_heap_limit64	❌ No
sqlite3_hard_heap_limit64	❌ No
sqlite3_release_memory	❌ No

Callback Functions

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_busy_handler	✅ Yes
sqlite3_busy_timeout	✅ Yes
sqlite3_trace_v2	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_progress_handler	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_set_authorizer	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_commit_hook	❌ No
sqlite3_rollback_hook	❌ No
sqlite3_update_hook	❌ No
sqlite3_preupdate_hook	❌ No
sqlite3_unlock_notify	❌ No
sqlite3_wal_hook	❌ No

User-Defined Functions

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_create_function	❌ No
sqlite3_create_function_v2	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_create_function16	❌ No
sqlite3_create_window_function	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_aggregate_context	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_user_data	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_context_db_handle	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_get_auxdata	❌ No
sqlite3_set_auxdata	❌ No
sqlite3_result_null	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_int	❌ No
sqlite3_result_int64	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_double	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_text	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_text16	❌ No
sqlite3_result_text64	❌ No
sqlite3_result_blob	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_blob64	❌ No
sqlite3_result_value	❌ No
sqlite3_result_pointer	❌ No
sqlite3_result_zeroblob	❌ No
sqlite3_result_zeroblob64	❌ No
sqlite3_result_error	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_error16	❌ No
sqlite3_result_error_code	❌ No
sqlite3_result_error_nomem	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_error_toobig	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_result_subtype	❌ No

Collation Functions

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_create_collation	❌ No
sqlite3_create_collation_v2	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_create_collation16	❌ No
sqlite3_collation_needed	❌ No
sqlite3_collation_needed16	❌ No
sqlite3_stricmp	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_strnicmp	❌ No

Backup API

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_backup_init	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_backup_step	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_backup_finish	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_backup_remaining	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_backup_pagecount	❌ No	Stub

BLOB I/O

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_blob_open	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_blob_close	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_blob_bytes	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_blob_read	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_blob_write	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_blob_reopen	❌ No

WAL Functions

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_wal_checkpoint	✅ Yes
sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2	✅ Yes
sqlite3_wal_autocheckpoint	❌ No
sqlite3_wal_hook	❌ No

Utility Functions

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_libversion	✅ Yes	Returns "3.42.0"
sqlite3_libversion_number	✅ Yes	Returns 3042000
sqlite3_sourceid	❌ No
sqlite3_threadsafe	✅ Yes	Returns 1
sqlite3_complete	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_interrupt	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_sleep	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_randomness	❌ No
sqlite3_get_table	✅ Yes
sqlite3_free_table	✅ Yes
sqlite3_mprintf	❌ No
sqlite3_vmprintf	❌ No
sqlite3_snprintf	❌ No
sqlite3_vsnprintf	❌ No
sqlite3_strglob	❌ No
sqlite3_strlike	❌ No

Table Metadata

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_table_column_metadata	✅ Yes

Virtual Tables

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_create_module	❌ No
sqlite3_create_module_v2	❌ No
sqlite3_drop_modules	❌ No
sqlite3_declare_vtab	❌ No
sqlite3_overload_function	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_config	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_nochange	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_collation	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_distinct	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_in	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_in_first	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_in_next	❌ No
sqlite3_vtab_rhs_value	❌ No

Loadable Extensions

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_load_extension	❌ No
sqlite3_enable_load_extension	❌ No
sqlite3_auto_extension	❌ No
sqlite3_cancel_auto_extension	❌ No
sqlite3_reset_auto_extension	❌ No

Serialization

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_serialize	❌ No	Stub
sqlite3_deserialize	❌ No	Stub

Miscellaneous

Interface	Status	Comment
sqlite3_keyword_count	❌ No
sqlite3_keyword_name	❌ No
sqlite3_keyword_check	❌ No
sqlite3_txn_state	❌ No
sqlite3_file_control	❌ No
sqlite3_status	❌ No
sqlite3_status64	❌ No
sqlite3_test_control	❌ No	Testing only
sqlite3_log	❌ No

Turso-specific Extensions

Interface	Status	Comment
libsql_wal_frame_count	✅ Yes	Get WAL frame count
libsql_wal_get_frame	✅ Yes	Extract frame from WAL
libsql_wal_insert_frame	✅ Yes	Insert frame into WAL
libsql_wal_disable_checkpoint	✅ Yes	Disable checkpointing

SQLite VDBE opcodes

Opcode	Status	Comment
Add	✅ Yes
AddImm	✅ Yes
Affinity	✅ Yes
AggFinal	✅ Yes
AggStep	✅ Yes
AggValue	✅ Yes
And	✅ Yes
AutoCommit	✅ Yes
BitAnd	✅ Yes
BitNot	✅ Yes
BitOr	✅ Yes
Blob	✅ Yes
BeginSubrtn	✅ Yes
Cast	✅ Yes
Checkpoint	✅ Yes
Clear	❌ No
Close	✅ Yes
CollSeq	✅ Yes
Column	✅ Yes
Compare	✅ Yes
Concat	✅ Yes
Copy	✅ Yes
Count	✅ Yes
CreateBTree	🚧 Partial	no temp databases
DecrJumpZero	✅ Yes
Delete	✅ Yes
Destroy	✅ Yes
Divide	✅ Yes
DropIndex	✅ Yes
DropTable	✅ Yes
DropTrigger	✅ Yes
EndCoroutine	✅ Yes
Eq	✅ Yes
Expire	❌ No
Explain	❌ No
FkCheck	✅ Yes
FkCounter	✅ Yes
FkIfZero	✅ Yes
Found	✅ Yes
Filter	✅ Yes
FilterAdd	✅ Yes
Function	✅ Yes
Ge	✅ Yes
Gosub	✅ Yes
Goto	✅ Yes
Gt	✅ Yes
Halt	✅ Yes
HaltIfNull	✅ Yes
IdxDelete	✅ Yes
IdxGE	✅ Yes
IdxInsert	✅ Yes
IdxLE	✅ Yes
IdxLT	✅ Yes
IdxRowid	✅ Yes
If	✅ Yes
IfNeg	✅ Yes
IfNot	✅ Yes
IfPos	✅ Yes
IfZero	❌ No
IncrVacuum	❌ No
Init	✅ Yes
InitCoroutine	✅ Yes
Insert	✅ Yes
Int64	✅ Yes
Integer	✅ Yes
IntegrityCk	✅ Yes
IsNull	✅ Yes
IsUnique	❌ No
JournalMode	✅ Yes
Jump	✅ Yes
Last	✅ Yes
Le	✅ Yes
LoadAnalysis	❌ No
Lt	✅ Yes
MakeRecord	✅ Yes
MaxPgcnt	✅ Yes
MemMax	✅ Yes
Move	✅ Yes
Multiply	✅ Yes
MustBeInt	✅ Yes
Ne	✅ Yes
NewRowid	✅ Yes
Next	✅ Yes
Noop	✅ Yes
Not	✅ Yes
NotExists	✅ Yes
NotFound	✅ Yes
NotNull	✅ Yes
Null	✅ Yes
NullRow	✅ Yes
Once	✅ Yes
OpenAutoindex	✅ Yes
OpenDup	✅ Yes
OpenEphemeral	✅ Yes
OpenPseudo	✅ Yes
OpenRead	✅ Yes
OpenWrite	✅ Yes
Or	✅ Yes
Pagecount	🚧 Partial	no temp databases
Param	❌ No
ParseSchema	✅ Yes
Permutation	❌ No
Prev	✅ Yes
Program	✅ Yes
ReadCookie	🚧 Partial	no temp databases, only user_version supported
Real	✅ Yes
RealAffinity	✅ Yes
Remainder	✅ Yes
ResetCount	❌ No
ResetSorter	🚧 Partial	sorter cursors are not supported yet; only ephemeral tables are
ResultRow	✅ Yes
Return	✅ Yes
Rewind	✅ Yes
RowData	✅ Yes
RowId	✅ Yes
RowKey	❌ No
RowSetAdd	✅ Yes
RowSetRead	✅ Yes
RowSetTest	✅ Yes
Rowid	✅ Yes
SCopy	❌ No
Savepoint	✅ No
Seek	❌ No
SeekGe	✅ Yes
SeekGt	✅ Yes
SeekLe	✅ Yes
SeekLt	✅ Yes
SeekRowid	✅ Yes
SeekEnd	✅ Yes
Sequence	✅ Yes
SequenceTest	✅ Yes
SetCookie	✅ Yes
ShiftLeft	✅ Yes
ShiftRight	✅ Yes
SoftNull	✅ Yes
Sort	❌ No
SorterCompare	✅ Yes
SorterData	✅ Yes
SorterInsert	✅ Yes
SorterNext	✅ Yes
SorterOpen	✅ Yes
SorterSort	✅ Yes
String	NotNeeded	SQLite uses String for sized strings and String8 for null-terminated. All our strings are sized
String8	✅ Yes
Subtract	✅ Yes
TableLock	❌ No
Trace	❌ No
Transaction	✅ Yes
VBegin	✅ Yes
VColumn	✅ Yes
VCreate	✅ Yes
VDestroy	✅ Yes
VFilter	✅ Yes
VNext	✅ Yes
VOpen	✅ Yes
VRename	✅ Yes
VUpdate	✅ Yes
Vacuum	❌ No
Variable	✅ Yes
Yield	✅ Yes
ZeroOrNull	✅ Yes

SQLite journaling modes

We currently don't have plan to support the rollback journal mode as it locks the database file during writes. Therefore, all rollback-type modes (delete, truncate, persist, memory) are marked are Not Needed below.

Journal mode	Status	Comment
wal	✅ Yes
wal2	❌ No	experimental feature in sqlite
delete	Not Needed
truncate	Not Needed
persist	Not Needed
memory	Not Needed

Extensions

Turso has in-tree extensions.

UUID

UUID's in Turso are blobs by default.

Function	Status	Comment
uuid4()	✅ Yes	UUID version 4
uuid4_str()	✅ Yes	UUID v4 string alias gen_random_uuid() for PG compatibility
uuid7(X?)	✅ Yes	UUID version 7 (optional parameter for seconds since epoch)
uuid7_timestamp_ms(X)	✅ Yes	Convert a UUID v7 to milliseconds since epoch
uuid_str(X)	✅ Yes	Convert a valid UUID to string
uuid_blob(X)	✅ Yes	Convert a valid UUID to blob

regexp

The regexp extension is compatible with sqlean-regexp.

Function	Status	Comment
regexp(pattern, source)	✅ Yes
regexp_like(source, pattern)	✅ Yes
regexp_substr(source, pattern)	✅ Yes
regexp_capture(source, pattern[, n])	✅ Yes
regexp_replace(source, pattern, replacement)	✅ Yes

Vector

The vector extension is compatible with libSQL native vector search.

Function	Status	Comment
vector(x)	✅ Yes
vector32(x)	✅ Yes
vector64(x)	✅ Yes
vector_extract(x)	✅ Yes
vector_distance_cos(x, y)	✅ Yes
vector_distance_l2(x, y)	✅ Yes	Euclidean distance
vector_concat(x, y)	✅ Yes
vector_slice(x, start_index, end_index)	✅ Yes

Time

The time extension is compatible with sqlean-time.

Function	Status	Comment
time_now()	✅ Yes
time_date(year, month, day[, hour, min, sec[, nsec[, offset_sec]]])	✅ Yes
time_get_year(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_month(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_day(t)	�� Yes
time_get_hour(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_minute(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_second(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_nano(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_weekday(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_yearday(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_isoyear(t)	✅ Yes
time_get_isoweek(t)	✅ Yes
time_get(t, field)	✅ Yes
time_unix(sec[, nsec])	✅ Yes
time_milli(msec)	✅ Yes
time_micro(usec)	✅ Yes
time_nano(nsec)	✅ Yes
time_to_unix(t)	✅ Yes
time_to_milli(t)	✅ Yes
time_to_micro(t)	✅ Yes
time_to_nano(t)	✅ Yes
time_after(t, u)	✅ Yes
time_before(t, u)	✅ Yes
time_compare(t, u)	✅ Yes
time_equal(t, u)	✅ Yes
time_add(t, d)	✅ Yes
time_add_date(t, years[, months[, days]])	✅ Yes
time_sub(t, u)	✅ Yes
time_since(t)	✅ Yes
time_until(t)	✅ Yes
time_trunc(t, field)	✅ Yes
time_trunc(t, d)	✅ Yes
time_round(t, d)	✅ Yes
time_fmt_iso(t[, offset_sec])	✅ Yes
time_fmt_datetime(t[, offset_sec])	✅ Yes
time_fmt_date(t[, offset_sec])	✅ Yes
time_fmt_time(t[, offset_sec])	✅ Yes
time_parse(s)	✅ Yes
dur_ns()	✅ Yes
dur_us()	✅ Yes
dur_ms()	✅ Yes
dur_s()	✅ Yes
dur_m()	✅ Yes
dur_h()	✅ Yes

Full-Text Search (FTS)

Turso implements FTS using Tantivy instead of SQLite's FTS3/FTS4/FTS5.

Feature	Status	Comment
CREATE INDEX ... USING fts	✅ Yes	Turso-specific syntax
fts_match()	✅ Yes
fts_score()	✅ Yes	BM25 relevance scoring
fts_highlight()	✅ Yes
MATCH operator	✅ Yes
SQLite FTS3/FTS4/FTS5	❌ No	Use Turso FTS instead
snippet()	❌ No

CSV

The CSV extension provides RFC 4180 compliant CSV file reading.

Feature	Status	Comment
CSV virtual table	✅ Yes	CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ... USING csv(...)

Percentile

Statistical aggregate functions.

Function	Status	Comment
median(X)	✅ Yes
percentile(Y,P)	✅ Yes
percentile_cont(Y,P)	✅ Yes
percentile_disc(Y,P)	✅ Yes

Table-Valued Functions

Function	Status	Comment
generate_series(start, stop[, step])	✅ Yes	All parameters supported
carray()	❌ No	C-API specific

Internal Virtual Tables

Virtual Table	Status	Comment
sqlite_dbpage	🚧 Partial	readonly, no attach support