# GPIO constants (gpio module)
gpio.INPUT, gpio.OUTPUT, gpio.PULLUP, gpio.PULLDOWN
gpio.HIGH, gpio.LOW
gpio.REL1, gpio.KEY1, gpio.LED1, gpio.I2C_SCL, gpio.I2C_SDA
# ... many more GPIO function constants

# Serial constants
serial.SERIAL_8N1, serial.SERIAL_7E1, etc.

# Webserver constants  
webserver.HTTP_GET, webserver.HTTP_POST, webserver.HTTP_OPTIONS, webserver.HTTP_ANY
webserver.HTTP_OFF, webserver.HTTP_USER, webserver.HTTP_ADMIN, webserver.HTTP_MANAGER
webserver.HTTP_MANAGER_RESET_ONLY
webserver.BUTTON_MAIN, webserver.BUTTON_CONFIGURATION, webserver.BUTTON_INFORMATION
webserver.BUTTON_MANAGEMENT, webserver.BUTTON_MODULE

load("filename")        # Loads .be or .bec file
tasmota.compile("file.be")  # Compiles .be to .bec

# System information
tasmota.get_free_heap()     # Free heap bytes
tasmota.memory()            # Memory stats map
tasmota.arch()              # Architecture: "esp32", "esp32s2", etc.
tasmota.millis()            # Milliseconds since boot
tasmota.yield()             # Give time to low-level functions
tasmota.delay(ms)           # Block execution for ms milliseconds

# Commands and responses
tasmota.cmd("command")      # Execute Tasmota command
tasmota.resp_cmnd_done()    # Respond "Done"
tasmota.resp_cmnd_error()   # Respond "Error"
tasmota.resp_cmnd_str(msg)  # Custom response string
tasmota.resp_cmnd(json)     # Custom JSON response

# Configuration
tasmota.get_option(index)   # Get SetOption value
tasmota.read_sensors()      # Get sensor JSON string
tasmota.wifi()              # WiFi connection info
tasmota.eth()               # Ethernet connection info

# Add rules (similar to Tasmota Rules but more powerful)
tasmota.add_rule("trigger", function)
tasmota.add_rule(["trigger1", "trigger2"], function)  # AND logic
tasmota.remove_rule("trigger")

# Rule function signature
def rule_function(value, trigger, msg)
  # value: trigger value (%value% equivalent)
  # trigger: full trigger string
  # msg: parsed JSON map or original string
end

# Examples
tasmota.add_rule("Dimmer>50", def() print("Bright!") end)
tasmota.add_rule("ANALOG#A1>300", def(val) print("ADC:", val) end)

# Timers (50ms resolution)
tasmota.set_timer(delay_ms, function)
tasmota.remove_timer(id)
tasmota.defer(function)     # Run in next millisecond

# Cron scheduling
tasmota.add_cron("*/15 * * * * *", function, "id")
tasmota.remove_cron("id")
tasmota.next_cron("id")     # Next execution timestamp

# Time functions
tasmota.rtc()               # Current time info
tasmota.time_dump(timestamp) # Decompose timestamp
tasmota.time_str(timestamp)  # ISO 8601 string
tasmota.strftime(format, timestamp)
tasmota.strptime(time_str, format)

# Relays and Power
tasmota.get_power()         # Array of relay states
tasmota.set_power(idx, state) # Set relay state

# Lights (use light module)
light.get()                 # Current light status
light.set({"power": true, "bri": 128, "hue": 120})

# Light attributes: power, bri (0-255), hue (0-360), sat (0-255), 
# ct (153-500), rgb (hex string), channels (array)

# Add custom Tasmota commands
def my_command(cmd, idx, payload, payload_json)
  # cmd: command name, idx: command index
  # payload: raw string, payload_json: parsed JSON
  tasmota.resp_cmnd_done()
end

tasmota.add_cmd("MyCmd", my_command)
tasmota.remove_cmd("MyCmd")

class MyDriver
  def every_second()     # Called every second
  end
  
  def every_50ms()       # Called every 50ms
  end
  
  def web_sensor()       # Add to web UI
    tasmota.web_send("{s}Sensor{m}Value{e}")
  end
  
  def json_append()      # Add to JSON teleperiod
    tasmota.response_append(',"MySensor":{"Value":123}')
  end
  
  def web_add_main_button()  # Add button to main page
    import webserver
    webserver.content_send("<button onclick='la(\"&myaction=1\");'>My Button</button>")
  end
  
  def button_pressed()   # Handle button press
  end
  
  def mqtt_data(topic, idx, data, databytes)  # Handle MQTT
  end
  
  def save_before_restart()  # Before restart
  end
end

# Register driver
driver = MyDriver()
tasmota.add_driver(driver)

def fast_function()
  # High-frequency processing
end

tasmota.add_fast_loop(fast_function)
tasmota.remove_fast_loop(fast_function)

import gpio

# GPIO detection and control
gpio.pin_used(gpio.REL1)        # Check if GPIO is used
gpio.pin(gpio.REL1)             # Get physical GPIO number
gpio.digital_write(pin, gpio.HIGH)  # Set GPIO state
gpio.digital_read(pin)          # Read GPIO state
gpio.pin_mode(pin, gpio.OUTPUT) # Set GPIO mode

# PWM control
gpio.set_pwm(pin, duty, phase)  # Set PWM value
gpio.set_pwm_freq(pin, freq)    # Set PWM frequency

# DAC (ESP32 GPIO 25-26, ESP32-S2 GPIO 17-18)
gpio.dac_voltage(pin, voltage_mv)  # Set DAC voltage

# Counters
gpio.counter_read(counter)      # Read counter value
gpio.counter_set(counter, value) # Set counter value

# Wire objects: wire1, wire2 for I²C buses
wire1.bus -> int                    # Bus number (read-only)
wire1.enabled() -> bool             # Check if bus initialized
wire1.scan() -> list(int)           # Scan for device addresses (decimal)
wire1.detect(addr:int) -> bool      # Check if device present

# High-level I/O
wire1.read(addr:int, reg:int, size:int) -> int|nil        # Read 1-4 bytes
wire1.write(addr:int, reg:int, val:int, size:int) -> bool # Write 1-4 bytes
wire1.read_bytes(addr:int, reg:int, size:int) -> bytes    # Read byte sequence
wire1.write_bytes(addr:int, reg:int, val:bytes) -> nil    # Write byte sequence

# Low-level control
wire1._begin_transmission(addr:int) -> nil
wire1._end_transmission([stop:bool]) -> nil
wire1._request_from(addr:int, size:int, [stop:bool]) -> nil
wire1._available() -> bool
wire1._read() -> int                # Read single byte
wire1._write(val:int|string) -> nil # Write single byte or string

# Device discovery
wire = tasmota.wire_scan(addr:int, i2c_index:int) -> wire_instance|nil

import mqtt

# MQTT operations
mqtt.publish(topic:string, payload:string|bytes, [retain:bool, start:int, len:int]) -> nil
mqtt.subscribe(topic:string, [function:closure]) -> nil  # Pattern matching, add wildcards manually
mqtt.unsubscribe(topic:string) -> nil
mqtt.connected() -> bool

# Callback function signature (topic, idx, payload_s, payload_b) -> bool
def mqtt_callback(topic, idx, payload_s, payload_b)
  # topic: full topic, idx: unused, payload_s: string, payload_b: bytes
  return true  # Return true if handled (prevents Tasmota command)
end

import webserver

# In driver's web_add_handler() method
webserver.on("/my_page", def() 
  webserver.content_send("<html>My Page</html>")
end)

# Request handling
webserver.has_arg("param")      # Check parameter exists
webserver.arg("param")          # Get parameter value
webserver.arg_size()            # Number of parameters

# Response functions
webserver.content_send(html)    # Send HTML content
webserver.content_button()      # Standard button
webserver.html_escape(str)      # Escape HTML

import persist

# Automatic persistence to _persist.json
persist.my_value = 123
persist.save()                  # Force save to flash
persist.has("key")              # Check if key exists
persist.remove("key")           # Remove key
persist.find("key", default)    # Get with default

cl = webclient()
cl.begin("https://example.com/api")
cl.set_auth("user", "pass")
cl.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")

result = cl.GET()               # or POST(payload)
if result == 200
  response = cl.get_string()
  # or cl.write_file("filename") for binary
end
cl.close()

tcp = tcpclient()
tcp.connect("192.168.1.100", 80)
tcp.write("GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
response = tcp.read()
tcp.close()

u = udp()
u.begin("", 2000)               # Listen on port 2000
u.send("192.168.1.10", 2000, bytes("Hello"))

# Receive (polling)
packet = u.read()               # Returns bytes or nil
if packet
  print("From:", u.remote_ip, u.remote_port)
end

ser = serial(rx_gpio, tx_gpio, baud, serial.SERIAL_8N1)
ser.write(bytes("Hello"))       # Send data
data = ser.read()               # Read available data
ser.available()                 # Check bytes available
ser.flush()                     # Flush buffers
ser.close()                     # Close port

import crypto

# AES Encryption Classes
crypto.AES_CTR(key:bytes(32)).encrypt(data:bytes, iv:bytes(12), cc:int) -> bytes
crypto.AES_CTR(key:bytes(32)).decrypt(data:bytes, iv:bytes(12), cc:int) -> bytes

crypto.AES_GCM(key:bytes(32), iv:bytes(12)).encrypt(data:bytes) -> bytes
crypto.AES_GCM(key:bytes(32), iv:bytes(12)).decrypt(data:bytes) -> bytes
crypto.AES_GCM(key:bytes(32), iv:bytes(12)).tag() -> bytes(16)

crypto.AES_CCM(key:bytes(16|32), iv:bytes(7..13), aad:bytes, data_len:int, tag_len:int)
crypto.AES_CCM.encrypt1/decrypt1(...) -> bool  # Single-call variants

crypto.AES_CBC.encrypt1(key:bytes(16), iv:bytes(16), data:bytes) -> bool
crypto.AES_CBC.decrypt1(key:bytes(16), iv:bytes(16), data:bytes) -> bool

# Elliptic Curve (requires defines)
crypto.EC_C25519().public_key(priv:bytes(32)) -> bytes(32)
crypto.EC_C25519().shared_key(our_priv:bytes(32), their_pub:bytes(32)) -> bytes(32)

crypto.EC_P256().public_key(priv:bytes(32)) -> bytes(65)
crypto.EC_P256().shared_key(our_priv:bytes(32), their_pub:bytes(65)) -> bytes(32)
crypto.EC_P256().mod/neg/mul/muladd(...) -> bytes  # Math operations

# Key Derivation
crypto.HKDF_SHA256().derive(ikm:bytes, salt:bytes, info:bytes, out_len:int) -> bytes
crypto.PBKDF2_HMAC_SHA256().derive(pwd:bytes, salt:bytes, iter:int, out_len:int) -> bytes

# Hashing
crypto.SHA256().update(data:bytes).out() -> bytes(32)
crypto.MD5().update(data:bytes).finish() -> bytes(16)
crypto.HMAC_SHA256(key:bytes).update(data:bytes).out() -> bytes(32)

# RSA (requires define)
crypto.RSA.rs256(private_key_der:bytes, payload:bytes) -> bytes  # JWT signing

import path

# File/directory operations (SD card: /sd/ subdirectory)
path.exists(file:string) -> bool        # Check file exists
path.isdir(name:string) -> bool         # Check if directory
path.listdir(dir:string) -> list        # List directory contents
path.mkdir(dir:string) -> bool          # Create directory
path.rmdir(dir:string) -> bool          # Remove empty directory
path.remove(file:string) -> bool        # Delete file
path.rename(old:string, new:string) -> bool  # Rename file/folder
path.last_modified(file:string) -> int  # File timestamp (nil if not exists)
path.format(true) -> bool               # Format LittleFS (erases all!)

import re

# Pattern matching
matches = re.search("a.*?b(z+)", "aaaabbbzzz")  # Returns matches array
all_matches = re.searchall('<([a-zA-Z]+)>', html)  # All matches
parts = re.split('/', "path/to/file")  # Split string

# Compiled patterns (faster for reuse)
pattern = re.compilebytes("\\d+")
matches = re.search(pattern, "abc123def")

# Read energy values
energy.voltage                  # Main phase voltage
energy.current                  # Main phase current  
energy.active_power            # Active power (W)
energy.total                   # Total energy (kWh)

# Multi-phase access
energy.voltage_phases[0]       # Phase 0 voltage
energy.current_phases[1]       # Phase 1 current

# Berry energy driver (with OPTION_A 9 GPIO)
if energy.driver_enabled()
  energy.voltage = 240
  energy.current = 1.5
  energy.active_power = 360    # This drives energy calculation
end

import display

# Initialize display driver
display.start(display_ini_string)
display.started()              # Check if initialized
display.dimmer(50)             # Set brightness 0-100
display.driver_name()          # Get driver name

# Touch screen updates
display.touch_update(touches, x, y, gesture)

import ULP

ULP.wake_period(0, 500000)     # Configure wake timer
ULP.load(bytecode)             # Load ULP program
ULP.run()                      # Execute ULP program
ULP.set_mem(addr, value)       # Set RTC memory
ULP.get_mem(addr)              # Get RTC memory

import mdns

mdns.start("hostname")         # Start mDNS
mdns.add_service("_http", "_tcp", 80, {"path": "/"})
mdns.stop()                    # Stop mDNS

# Check return values
data = json.load(json_string)
if data == nil
  print("Invalid JSON")
end

# Wire operations
result = wire1.read(addr, reg, 1)
if result == nil
  print("I2C read failed")
end

class MySensor
  var wire, addr
  
  def init()
    self.addr = 0x48
    self.wire = tasmota.wire_scan(self.addr, 99)  # I2C index 99
    if self.wire
      print("MySensor found on bus", self.wire.bus)
    end
  end
  
  def every_second()
    if !self.wire return end
    var temp = self.wire.read(self.addr, 0x00, 2)  # Read temperature
    self.temperature = temp / 256.0  # Convert to Celsius
  end
  
  def web_sensor()
    if !self.wire return end
    import string
    var msg = string.format("{s}MySensor Temp{m}%.1f °C{e}", self.temperature)
    tasmota.web_send_decimal(msg)
  end
  
  def json_append()
    if !self.wire return end
    import string
    var msg = string.format(',"MySensor":{"Temperature":%.1f}', self.temperature)
    tasmota.response_append(msg)
  end
end

sensor = MySensor()
tasmota.add_driver(sensor)

def my_status_cmd(cmd, idx, payload, payload_json)
  import string
  var response = {
    "Uptime": tasmota.millis(),
    "FreeHeap": tasmota.get_free_heap(),
    "WiFi": tasmota.wifi("rssi")
  }
  tasmota.resp_cmnd(json.dump(response))
end

tasmota.add_cmd("MyStatus", my_status_cmd)

import mqtt

def handle_sensor_data(topic, idx, payload_s, payload_b)
  var data = json.load(payload_s)
  if data && data.find("temperature")
    var temp = data["temperature"]
    if temp > 25
      tasmota.cmd("Power1 ON")  # Turn on fan
    elif temp < 20  
      tasmota.cmd("Power1 OFF") # Turn off fan
    end
  end
  return true
end

mqtt.subscribe("sensors/+/temperature", handle_sensor_data)

class WebButton
  def web_add_main_button()
    import webserver
    webserver.content_send("<p><button onclick='la(\"&toggle_led=1\");'>Toggle LED</button></p>")
  end
  
  def web_sensor()
    import webserver
    if webserver.has_arg("toggle_led")
      # Toggle GPIO2 (built-in LED on many ESP32 boards)
      var pin = 2
      var current = gpio.digital_read(pin)
      gpio.digital_write(pin, !current)
      print("LED toggled to", !current)
    end
  end
end

button = WebButton()
tasmota.add_driver(button)

import persist

class ScheduledTask
  def init()
    if !persist.has("task_count")
      persist.task_count = 0
    end
    # Run every 5 minutes
    tasmota.add_cron("0 */5 * * * *", /-> self.run_task(), "my_task")
  end
  
  def run_task()
    persist.task_count += 1
    print("Task executed", persist.task_count, "times")
    
    # Do something useful
    var sensors = tasmota.read_sensors()
    print("Current sensors:", sensors)
    
    persist.save()  # Save counter to flash
  end
end

task = ScheduledTask()

class WeatherAPI
  var api_key, city
  
  def init(key, city_name)
    self.api_key = key
    self.city = city_name
    tasmota.add_cron("0 0 * * * *", /-> self.fetch_weather(), "weather")
  end
  
  def fetch_weather()
    var cl = webclient()
    var url = f"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={self.city}&appid={self.api_key}"
    
    cl.begin(url)
    var result = cl.GET()
    
    if result == 200
      var response = cl.get_string()
      var data = json.load(response)
      if data
        var temp = data["main"]["temp"] - 273.15  # Kelvin to Celsius
        print(f"Weather in {self.city}: {temp:.1f}°C")
        
        # Store in global for other scripts to use
        import global
        global.weather_temp = temp
      end
    end
    cl.close()
  end
end

# weather = WeatherAPI("your_api_key", "London")

# Advanced rule that combines multiple conditions
tasmota.add_rule(["ANALOG#A0>500", "Switch1#State=1"], 
  def(values, triggers)
    print("Both conditions met:")
    print("ADC value:", values[0])
    print("Switch state:", values[1])
    tasmota.cmd("Power2 ON")  # Activate something
  end
)

# Time-based rule
tasmota.add_rule("Time#Minute=30", 
  def()
    if tasmota.rtc()["hour"] == 18  # 6:30 PM
      tasmota.cmd("Dimmer 20")  # Dim lights for evening
    end
  end
)