Environment Variables - Spree

Spree uses environment variables for all deployment configuration. No secrets or credentials are stored in the codebase.

Required

These two variables are all a production deployment strictly needs:

Variable	Description	Example
`DATABASE_URL`	Database connection URL — see Database Configuration	`postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/spree`
`SECRET_KEY_BASE`	Secret used to encrypt sessions and cookies. Generate with `openssl rand -hex 64`	`2fad5c0b79d25e4765d3018d8c740f8c3a665f0e5c...`

You'll almost always want to set RAILS_HOST too — without it, generated URLs point at localhost.

URLs and Hosts

RAILS_HOST is the canonical public host of your deployment. URLs Spree generates outside a request context use it — links in emails, webhook payloads, and image/attachment URLs in API responses (for the latter, CDN_HOST takes precedence when set).

<Warning> When neither `RAILS_HOST` nor `CDN_HOST` is configured, image and attachment URLs fall back to the store's URL setting, which is `localhost` on a fresh install — API responses will contain `https://localhost/...` URLs. </Warning>

Variable	Default	Description
`RAILS_HOST`	—	Public host, optionally with a port — e.g. `store.example.com` or `203.0.113.7:8080`. Host only, no protocol. On Render, falls back to the platform-provided `RENDER_EXTERNAL_HOSTNAME`.
`CDN_HOST`	—	Optional host for serving static assets and images, e.g. a CDN distribution in front of your app — see CDN. Host only, no protocol. Falls back to `RAILS_HOST`.

Generated URLs use https unless both RAILS_FORCE_SSL and RAILS_ASSUME_SSL are set to false (see SSL).

Web Server

Variable	Default	Description
`PORT`	`3000`	Port the web server listens on
`RAILS_MAX_THREADS`	`3`	Concurrent requests each web server process handles
`WEB_CONCURRENCY`	`1`	Number of web server processes per container. Set to `auto` for one per CPU core — each process needs roughly 1 GB of RAM

Background Jobs

Background jobs (emails, image processing, webhooks, imports) run inside the web container by default — no extra service needed. See Background Jobs for how this works and when to split out a dedicated worker.

Variable	Default	Description
`SOLID_QUEUE_IN_PUMA`	`true`	Run background jobs inside the web container. Set to `false` when you run a dedicated worker service (`bin/jobs`)
`JOB_THREADS`	`3`	How many background jobs run concurrently. Raise it on a dedicated worker; the database connection pool sizes itself from this
`JOB_CONCURRENCY`	`1`	Number of worker processes — the scaling knob for a dedicated worker
`SPREE_IMPORT_JOB_CONCURRENCY`	75% of `JOB_THREADS`	How much of the job capacity a single CSV import may occupy, so imports can't starve other work. `0` removes the cap
`MISSION_CONTROL_USER` / `MISSION_CONTROL_PASSWORD`	—	Login for the `/jobs` dashboard (HTTP Basic auth). Required in production — the dashboard stays locked without them

Email (SMTP)

<Tip> This configuration powers all emails Spree sends — customer transactional emails (order confirmation, shipping notification; on by default) and staff notifications. A storefront can optionally take over customer emails via webhooks — see [Emails](/developer/deployment/emails). </Tip>

Spree works with any SMTP provider (Resend, Postmark, Mailgun, SendGrid, Amazon SES, etc.). Set SMTP_HOST to enable email delivery — when not set, production email delivery is disabled (in development, emails are captured by Mailpit at http://localhost:8025 instead of being sent). See Emails for the full guide.

Variable	Default	Description
`SMTP_HOST`	—	SMTP server address (e.g., `smtp.sendgrid.net`)
`SMTP_PORT`	`587`	SMTP server port
`SMTP_USERNAME`	—	SMTP auth username
`SMTP_PASSWORD`	—	SMTP auth password
`SMTP_FROM_ADDRESS`	—	Default "from" email address

Links in emails use the host configured via RAILS_HOST.

Application

Variable	Default	Description
`RAILS_ENV`	`production`	Runtime environment — leave as `production` when deploying
`RAILS_LOG_LEVEL`	`info`	Log level (`debug`, `info`, `warn`, `error`)

File Storage (S3 / Cloudflare R2)

By default, uploaded files (product images, assets) are stored on the local filesystem. Set the appropriate credentials to use cloud storage instead — Spree auto-detects the provider based on which credentials are present. See Asset Storage for the full guide.

Amazon S3

Variable	Default	Description
`AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`	—	AWS access key
`AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`	—	AWS secret key
`AWS_REGION`	—	AWS region (e.g., `us-east-1`)
`AWS_BUCKET`	`spree-production`	S3 bucket name

Cloudflare R2

Variable	Default	Description
`CLOUDFLARE_ENDPOINT`	—	R2 endpoint URL
`CLOUDFLARE_ACCESS_KEY_ID`	—	R2 access key
`CLOUDFLARE_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`	—	R2 secret key
`CLOUDFLARE_BUCKET`	`spree-production`	R2 bucket name

Search (Meilisearch)

Optional. When configured, Spree uses Meilisearch for product search, filtering, and faceted navigation instead of SQL.

Variable	Default	Description
`MEILISEARCH_URL`	`http://localhost:7700`	Meilisearch server URL
`MEILISEARCH_API_KEY`	—	Meilisearch master key. Not needed for local development — only required when Meilisearch is started with `MEILI_MASTER_KEY`.

After setting these, enable the provider and reindex:

ruby

# config/initializers/spree.rb
Spree.search_provider = 'Spree::SearchProvider::Meilisearch'

bash

spree rake spree:search:reindex

bash

bundle exec rake spree:search:reindex

</CodeGroup>

Error Tracking (Sentry)

Variable	Default	Description
`SENTRY_DSN`	—	Sentry DSN. When set, errors are reported to Sentry

SSL

By default, Spree assumes it runs behind an SSL-terminating reverse proxy or load balancer. Set these to false if running without SSL (e.g., local development or behind a proxy that doesn't do SSL termination).

Variable	Default	Description
`RAILS_ASSUME_SSL`	`true`	Treat incoming requests as arriving over HTTPS (trust the proxy's forwarded headers)
`RAILS_FORCE_SSL`	`true`	Redirect HTTP to HTTPS and use secure cookies

Local Development

These variables are used when running the server/ app locally (not via DATABASE_URL):

Variable	Default	Description
`DATABASE_HOST`	`localhost`	PostgreSQL host
`DATABASE_PORT`	`5432`	PostgreSQL port
`DATABASE_USERNAME`	`postgres`	PostgreSQL user