docs/src/faq.md
A validator is a computer that runs a software program to verify transactions that are added to the Solana blockchain. A validator can be a voting validator or a non voting validator. To learn more, see what is a validator.
An RPC node is also a computer that runs the validator software. Typically, an RPC node does not vote on the network. Instead the RPC node's job is to respond to API requests. See what is an rpc node for more information.
For a definition and an overview of the topic, see what is a cluster?. Solana maintains several clusters. For details on each, see Solana clusters.
Proof of Stake (PoS) is a blockchain architecture. Solana is a Proof of Stake blockchain. To read more, see Proof of Stake.
No, a Solana validator uses Proof of Stake. It does not use Proof of Work (often called mining). See Proof of Work: For Contrast.
Anyone can operate a validator. All Solana clusters are permissionless. A new operator can choose to join at any time.
No, all Solana clusters are permissionless. There is no limit to the number of active validators that can participate in consensus. Validators participating in consensus (voting validators) incur transaction fees for each vote. A voting validator can expect to incur up to 1.1 SOL per day in vote transaction fees.
Anyone can join the cluster including home users. You must make sure that your system can perform well and keep up with the cluster. Many home internet connections are not suitable to run a Solana validator. Most operators choose to operate their validator in a data center either by using a server provider or by supplying your own hardware at a colocation data center.
See the validator requirements for more information.
See Solana validator prerequisites.