(executor-file-structure)=

File Structure

Besides organizing your {class}~jina.Executor code inline, you can also write it as an "external" module and then use it via YAML. This is useful when your Executor's logic is too complicated to fit into a single file.

The best practice is to use `jina hub new` to create a new Executor. It automatically generates the files you need in the correct structure.

Single Python file + YAML

When you are only working with a single Python file (let's call it my_executor.py), you can put it at the root of your repository, and import it directly in config.yml

jtype: MyExecutor
py_modules:
  - my_executor.py

Multiple Python files + YAML

When you are working with multiple Python files, you should organize them as a Python package and put them in a special folder inside your repository (as you would normally do with Python packages). Specifically, you should do the following:

• Put all Python files (as well as an __init__.py) inside a special folder (called executor by convention.)
  • Because of how Jina-serve registers Executors, ensure you import your Executor in this __init__.py (see the contents of executor/__init__.py in the example below).
• Use relative imports (from .bar import foo, and not from bar import foo) inside the Python modules in this folder.
• Only list executor/__init__.py under py_modules in config.yml - this way Python knows that you are importing a package, and ensures that all relative imports within your package work properly.

To make things more specific, take this repository structure as an example:

.
├── config.yml
└── executor
    ├── helper.py
    ├── __init__.py
    └── my_executor.py

The contents of executor/__init__.py is:

from .my_executor import MyExecutor

the contents of executor/helper.py is:

def print_something():
    print('something')

and the contents of executor/my_executor.py is:

from jina import Executor, requests

from .helper import print_something


class MyExecutor(Executor):
    @requests
    def foo(self, **kwargs):
        print_something()

Finally, the contents of config.yml:

jtype: MyExecutor
py_modules:
  - executor/__init__.py

Note that only executor/__init__.py needs to be listed under py_modules

This is a relatively simple example, but this way of structuring Python modules works for any Python package structure, however complex. Consider this slightly more complicated example:

.
├── config.yml           # Remains exactly the same as before
└── executor
    ├── helper.py
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── my_executor.py
    └── utils/
        ├── __init__.py  # Required inside all executor sub-folders
        ├── data.py
        └── io.py

You can then import from utils/data.py in my_executor.py like this: from .utils.data import foo, and perform any other kinds of relative imports that Python enables.

The best thing is that no matter how complicated your package structure, "importing" it in your config.yml file is simple - you always put only executor/__init__.py under py_modules.