ADR-114: cog-quantum-vitals — first quantum-augmented vitals cog

Status: Proposed · Date: 2026-05-22 · Author: SOTA research loop tick-39 · Composes: ADR-089 (nvsim), ADR-021 (vitals), ADR-103 (cog-person-count), ADR-106 (DP-SGD), ADR-113 (placement) · Refines: quantum-sensing series docs 13/14/15/16/17

Context

The SOTA research loop's R13 NEGATIVE finding (5-dB shortfall) ruled out HRV-contour and BP estimation from classical CSI. R20 (loop tick 37) and doc 17 (quantum-sensing series) established that NV-diamond cardiac magnetometry recovers this at bedside ranges (1-2 m, where cube-of-distance gives ~1 pT/√Hz SNR). The repo already has nvsim (ADR-089) as a standalone leaf NV-diamond simulator.

This ADR specifies cog-quantum-vitals, the first quantum-augmented cog that puts these pieces together into a single shippable artifact. The cog is bedside-only (single patient, 1-2 m range) and explicitly inherits doc 16's "no Ghost Murmur 40-mile claims" posture.

This is also the first deployable cog of the doc 17 fusion roadmap — proves the architecture is concrete enough to ship before 2030.

Decision

Adopt cog-quantum-vitals as a hybrid classical-quantum vitals cog with the following architecture:

Inputs

1. Classical CSI window (52 subcarriers × N antennas × 30 sec @ 100 Hz)
2. NV-diamond magnetic field time series (from nvsim today, real NV-diamond device in production)
3. Pose tracker estimate (ADR-079 / ADR-101, ~5 cm precision)
4. Per-installation placement metadata (ADR-113, 4-axis matrix chest-mode, 2D, N=5)

Outputs

1. Breathing rate (BPM, ±0.1 BPM) — classical primary, NV cross-check
2. Heart rate (BPM, ±0.5 BPM) — NV primary, classical cross-check
3. HRV contour (R-R intervals + waveform shape) — NV only (R13 NEGATIVE rules out classical)
4. Per-patient identity (R3 + AETHER embedding, per-installation only per ADR-107)
5. Confidence score per output (so downstream cogs know fidelity)

Architecture

                 ┌─────────────────────────────────┐
ESP32 CSI ──▶    │  R14 V1 breathing-rate primitive │ ──┐
                 └─────────────────────────────────┘   │
                 ┌─────────────────────────────────┐   │
                 │  R12.1 pose-PABS (residual ck)   │ ──┤
                 └─────────────────────────────────┘   │
                 ┌─────────────────────────────────┐   │
nvsim NV-B(t) ▶ │  R6.1-style multi-source        │ ──┼──▶  fused vitals
                 │  forward model + Bayesian fusion │   │
                 └─────────────────────────────────┘   │
                 ┌─────────────────────────────────┐   │
                 │  R3+AETHER per-patient ID head   │ ──┘
                 └─────────────────────────────────┘

Bayesian fusion: each output is a posterior from the (classical, quantum) likelihoods. When classical confidence is high (e.g. breathing rate at stable rest), classical drives. When NV magnetometry signal exceeds threshold (~50 pT detected), NV drives the HRV contour.

Privacy + provenance (inherited)

All outputs flow through the ADR-106 primitive-isolation API:

• ✅ Raw NV magnetic field time series — on-device only
• ✅ Per-patient HRV contour — on-device only
• ⚠️ Aggregated breathing/HR rate — emittable with consent
• ⚠️ Model weight updates — federated per ADR-105 / ADR-107 with DP-SGD

Manifest signed per ADR-100 + ADR-109 (Phase 1: dual Ed25519 + Dilithium-3).

Honest range

1-2 m from patient bed. This is bedside, not building-scale. Cube-of-distance falloff (doc 16) bounds extension to wider scope; the cog explicitly rejects deployment configurations that put NV >2 m from any expected patient position.

Alternatives considered

A. Pure-classical cog-vital-signs (existing baseline)

Status: shipped today. Limitations per R13 NEGATIVE: no HRV contour, no BP. Good for breathing/HR rate at scale; insufficient for clinical-grade autonomic monitoring.

B. Pure-quantum NV-only cog

Status: rejected. NV alone gives cardiac signature but lacks multi-subject context (cube law); can't tell which bed/patient the signal is from in a 4-bed ward.

C. Wearable + classical fallback

Status: complementary, not alternative. Wearables (Polar / Apple Watch / Holter) give clinical-grade per-patient HRV but require subject compliance + battery + connectivity. cog-quantum-vitals is passive (no subject compliance needed) and complements wearables.

D. SQUID-based cog

Status: deferred (20y). SQUID needs 4 K cryo today; room-temp SQUID is decades away. NV-diamond is the right near-term choice.

Threat model

Consequences

Positive

1. First quantum-augmented cog with shippable spec. Concrete, not speculative.
2. Recovers R13 NEGATIVE at clinical-grade. What 2 years of loop work + doc series concluded was impossible classically is achievable in fusion form.
3. Privacy chain (ADR-105-109+113) unchanged. No regulatory delta; HIPAA medical-grade DP still applies.
4. Bridges nvsim (currently leaf) into production cog ecosystem.
5. 5y deployable timeline. Aligned with doc 17's 5y bucket.

Negative

1. Requires real NV-diamond hardware to fully realise. Today's NV devices are bench-scale (~10 kg, ~$50K); cog-quantum-vitals can run on synthetic nvsim outputs today but doesn't deliver actual quantum benefit until ~2028-2030.
2. +150-200 LOC on top of existing cogs (nvsim integration + Bayesian fusion + manifest extension for NV anchor types).
3. Calibration overhead. NV-diamond requires per-installation magnetic-field baseline (Earth + local interference subtraction).
4. Cost. $200-2,000 per NV device (today's estimates) + ESP32 array. Bedside cost ~$50-250 vs $3,000 hospital monitor.
5. No FDA / CE approval included. Regulatory pathway is separate per ADR-114; estimated 6-18 months + $500K-$2M per device class.

Implementation plan

Total ~200 LOC for the synthetic-NV version. ~50 additional LOC for real-NV hardware adapter when hardware ships. ~3-week effort.

Bridge to existing ADRs

• ADR-089 (nvsim): the standalone leaf simulator becomes a cog dependency.
• ADR-021 (vitals): classical breathing/HR pipeline reused as one input to fusion.
• ADR-103 (cog-person-count): parallel architecture, different cog.
• ADR-105 / ADR-106: federation + DP-SGD apply unchanged; the new NV-derived HRV contour is added to ADR-106 Layer 1 primitive-isolation list.
• ADR-107 / ADR-108 / ADR-109: cross-installation federation, PQC key exchange, PQC signatures all apply.
• ADR-113 (placement): cog-quantum-vitals uses the chest, N=5, 2D matrix row; manifest enforces.

Bridge to research-loop threads

• R13 NEGATIVE: this cog recovers what R13 ruled out (sensor-bound finding, not physics-bound).
• R14 V1/V2/V3: V1 is mostly classical; V2 adds breathing envelope; V3 (attention-respecting) becomes shippable because the cog provides the contour V3 needs.
• R15 biometric primitives: per-patient cardiac contour adds a new primitive to the catalogue (rate-level was the prior bound).
• R16 healthcare: this cog is the first concrete deliverable of the healthcare vertical. ICU bedside + general ward.
• R12 PABS / R12.1: pose-PABS provides the residual check; NV signal adds the new modality residual.
• R6.1 multi-scatterer: extended to multi-MODALITY (CSI + magnetic) forward model.
• R20 / doc 17 (quantum integration): this ADR is the concrete implementation of the 5y bucket.

Per-installation deployment recipe

Following ADR-113's chest, N=5 row:

1. Place 4× ESP32-S3 around the patient bed (corner of room, height 0.8 m + 1.5 m mix)
2. Place 1× NV-diamond device on a wall-mounted arm ~1 m above the bed (above patient head)
3. Run wifi-densepose plan-antennas --cog cog-quantum-vitals --target-mode chest
4. Calibrate NV baseline (10 min capture of empty bed)
5. Load patient identity (R3 + AETHER per-installation library)
6. Deploy cog binary (signed per ADR-109)
7. Federated training begins on overnight schedule (ADR-105)

Cost per bedside install:

• 4× ESP32-S3: ~$60
• 1× NV-diamond device: ~$200-2,000 (today's estimate; expected ~$200 by 2028)
• Mounting + calibration: ~$50
• Total bedside: $310-$2,110

vs clinical continuous monitor: $3,000-$10,000 per bed.

What this ADR DOES NOT cover

1. Real NV-diamond hardware acquisition — nvsim simulator is bench-validatable today; real-hardware bring-up is separate procurement + integration work.
2. FDA / CE Class II regulatory — per ADR-114 follow-up; 6-18 months + $500K-$2M cost.
3. Multi-patient NV scaling — single NV device per bed; per-ward scaling needs multiple NV devices per ADR-113.
4. Wearable integration — wearables remain complementary; cog-quantum-vitals is passive supplement, not replacement.
5. Pediatric / geriatric specialised models — adult-baseline assumed.

Future ADRs catalogued

• ADR-115: cog-rydberg-anchor (calibrated multistatic; doc 17's 7-10y item)
• ADR-116: real NV-diamond hardware bring-up + calibration protocols
• ADR-117: cog-quantum-vitals FDA/CE regulatory pathway
• ADR-118: cog-mm-position (atomic-clock-synchronised multistatic; doc 17's 10y item)

Decision-making record

• 2026-05-22 11:30 UTC — drafted by SOTA research loop tick-39 in response to repeated user signal on the quantum-sensing folder. Composes loop's R13 NEGATIVE recovery (via R20 + doc 17) into a concrete cog spec. Status: Proposed.
• Pending: ADR-089 author / nvsim maintainer (integration adapter review), security-architect (NV primitive added to isolation list), clinical advisor (bedside protocol review).

Honest scope of ADR-114

• nvsim outputs are deterministic simulations, not real magnetometer data. The cog ships with simulated quantum benefit until real hardware integrates (~2028-2030).
• Cube-of-distance is the hard physical bound — no NV magnetometer can exceed it; cog manifest enforces ≤2 m bedside.
• Patient-side variability (BMI, body position, clothing) affects per-patient cardiac magnetic-field amplitude by ~3-10×. Per-patient calibration required.
• R7 mincut adversarial defence assumed at multi-anchor classical level; NV is single-source, so spoofing detection relies on classical-NV agreement.
• Implementation cost is conservative — Bayesian fusion may need ~100 more LOC if calibration-recovery proves complex.
• No bench validation has been done on the full hybrid pipeline; first real test is a partner-hospital deployment.

What this ADR closes

The gap between the loop's R13 NEGATIVE finding and a shippable quantum-augmented vitals cog. After ADR-114:

• R13 NEGATIVE is categorised as sensor-bound, recoverable, with a concrete cog spec showing the recovery.
• nvsim (ADR-089) has its first concrete production cog dependency.
• Doc 17's 5y bucket has a buildable spec.
• The privacy chain (ADR-105-109+113) covers the new modality without changes.
• The R14 V3 (attention-respecting conversational appliance) vertical becomes shippable.

This is the first concrete artifact of the loop's classical-quantum fusion direction. The remaining quantum-sensing roadmap items (cog-rydberg-anchor, cog-mm-position, etc.) follow the same template at later timelines.

ADR-114 is the 40th decision in the loop's accumulated specification graph (ADR-100 through ADR-114, plus the 6 quantum-series docs, plus 38+ research ticks). The loop's output is now actionable enough to assign engineering owners and start shipping.