TanStack Router — Skill Spec

TanStack Router is a type-safe router for React and Solid applications with built-in SWR caching, JSON-first search params, file-based route generation, and end-to-end type inference. It is client-first/isomorphic — loaders run on the client by default and additionally on the server when used with TanStack Start.

Domains

Domain	Description	Skills
Defining Routes	Setting up route trees, configuring the router, registering types	route-setup, migrate-from-react-router
Navigating	Links, imperative navigation, preloading, blocking	navigation
Managing URL State	Search params and path params with validation and serialization	search-params, path-params
Loading Data	Route loaders, SWR caching, external cache coordination, context/DI	data-loading, external-data-loading
Protecting Routes	Auth guards, RBAC, beforeLoad redirects	auth-and-guards
Rendering and Layout	Code splitting, error/not-found handling, route masking	code-splitting, not-found-and-errors, route-masking
Type Safety	Inference patterns, narrowing, TS performance	type-safety
Server-Side Rendering	SSR setup, hydration, head management	ssr

Skill Inventory

Skill	Type	Domain	What it covers	Failure modes
route-setup	core	defining-routes	createRouter, file/code/virtual routing, Register, plugin config, ESLint	5
navigation	core	navigating	Link, useNavigate, Navigate, preloading, blocking, active states, scroll restoration	4
search-params	core	managing-url-state	validateSearch, useSearch, middlewares, serialization, adapters	4
path-params	core	managing-url-state	$params, splats, optional params, prefix/suffix patterns	3
data-loading	core	loading-data	loader, loaderDeps, staleTime/gcTime, pending/error, context/DI, deferred	5
external-data-loading	composition	loading-data	TanStack Query integration, SSR dehydration/hydration, streaming	3
auth-and-guards	core	protecting-routes	beforeLoad redirects, layout auth, RBAC, provider integration	3
code-splitting	core	rendering-and-layout	autoCodeSplitting, .lazy.tsx, getRouteApi, split groupings	4
not-found-and-errors	core	rendering-and-layout	notFound(), notFoundComponent, errorComponent, CatchBoundary	3
route-masking	core	rendering-and-layout	mask option, createRouteMask, unmaskOnReload	1
type-safety	core	type-safety	Register, from narrowing, TS perf, type utilities	3
ssr	core	server-side-rendering	RouterClient/Server, streaming, hydration, head management	3
migrate-from-react-router	lifecycle	defining-routes	Migration checklist, API mapping, search params conversion	2

Failure Mode Inventory

route-setup (5 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Missing router type registration	CRITICAL	docs/guide/creating-a-router	type-safety
2	Not committing routeTree.gen.ts	HIGH	docs/faq	—
3	Wrong route property order breaks type inference	HIGH	docs/eslint/create-route-property-order	—
4	Placing TanStackRouter plugin after framework plugin	HIGH	docs/installation/with-vite	—
5	Using getParentRoute incorrectly in code-based routing	HIGH	docs/decisions-on-dx	—

navigation (4 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Interpolating params into the to string	CRITICAL	docs/guide/navigation	type-safety
2	Using useNavigate instead of Link for clickable elements	MEDIUM	docs/guide/navigation	—
3	Not providing from for relative navigation	HIGH	docs/guide/navigation	—
4	Using search as object instead of function loses params	HIGH	docs/how-to/navigate-with-search-params	search-params

search-params (4 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Using zod .catch() instead of adapter fallback()	HIGH	docs/guide/search-params	—
2	Returning entire search object from loaderDeps	HIGH	docs/guide/data-loading	data-loading
3	Passing Date objects in search params	HIGH	docs/how-to/arrays-objects-dates	—
4	Parent route missing validateSearch blocks inheritance	MEDIUM	docs/how-to/share-search-params	—

path-params (3 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Interpolating path params into to string	CRITICAL	docs/guide/navigation	navigation
2	Using * for splat routes instead of $	MEDIUM	docs/routing/routing-concepts	—
3	Using curly braces for basic dynamic segments	MEDIUM	docs/guide/path-params	—

data-loading (5 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Assuming loaders only run on the server	CRITICAL	maintainer interview	ssr
2	Not understanding staleTime default is 0	MEDIUM	docs/guide/data-loading	—
3	Using reset() instead of router.invalidate() in error components	HIGH	docs/guide/data-loading	—
4	Double parentheses missing on createRootRouteWithContext	HIGH	docs/guide/data-loading	—
5	Using React hooks in beforeLoad or loader	HIGH	docs/guide/router-context	—

external-data-loading (3 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Not setting defaultPreloadStaleTime to 0	HIGH	docs/guide/external-data-loading	—
2	Creating QueryClient outside createRouter for SSR	HIGH	docs/guide/external-data-loading	—
3	Awaiting prefetchQuery in loader blocks rendering	MEDIUM	docs/integrations/query	—

auth-and-guards (3 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Auth check in component instead of beforeLoad	HIGH	docs/how-to/setup-authentication	—
2	Not re-throwing redirects in try/catch	HIGH	docs/guide/authenticated-routes	—
3	Trying to conditionally render root route component	MEDIUM	docs/faq	—

code-splitting (4 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Exporting route property functions prevents code splitting	HIGH	docs/guide/automatic-code-splitting	—
2	Trying to code-split the root route	MEDIUM	docs/guide/code-splitting	—
3	Splitting the loader adds double async cost	MEDIUM	docs/guide/code-splitting	—
4	Importing Route in code-split files for typed hooks	HIGH	docs/guide/code-splitting	—

not-found-and-errors (3 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Using deprecated NotFoundRoute	HIGH	docs/guide/not-found-errors	—
2	Expecting useLoaderData to work in notFoundComponent	MEDIUM	docs/guide/not-found-errors	—
3	Leaf route cannot handle not-found errors	MEDIUM	docs/guide/not-found-errors	—

route-masking (1 failure mode)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Expecting masked URLs to survive sharing	MEDIUM	docs/guide/route-masking	—

type-safety (3 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Adding type annotations or casts to inferred values	CRITICAL	maintainer interview	—
2	Using un-narrowed LinkProps type	HIGH	docs/guide/type-safety	—
3	Not narrowing Link/useNavigate with from	HIGH	docs/guide/type-safety	—

ssr (3 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Using browser APIs in loaders without environment check	HIGH	docs/guide/ssr	data-loading
2	Using hash fragments for server-rendered content	MEDIUM	docs/guide/navigation	—
3	Generating Next.js or Remix SSR patterns	CRITICAL	maintainer interview	route-setup, data-loading

migrate-from-react-router (2 failure modes)

#	Mistake	Priority	Source	Cross-skill?
1	Leaving React Router imports alongside TanStack Router	HIGH	docs/how-to/migrate-from-react-router	—
2	Using React Router useSearchParams pattern	HIGH	docs/installation/migrate-from-react-router	—

Tensions

Tension	Skills	Agent implication
Type safety strictness vs rapid prototyping	type-safety ↔ route-setup	Agents skip Register declaration or use type casts to silence errors
Client-first loaders vs SSR expectations	data-loading ↔ ssr	Agents put server-only code in client loaders or avoid browser APIs unnecessarily
Built-in SWR cache vs external cache coordination	data-loading ↔ external-data-loading	Agents use both caches simultaneously causing stale data or double-fetching
Code splitting granularity vs loader performance	code-splitting ↔ data-loading	Agents split everything including loaders, adding latency

Cross-References

From	To	Reason
route-setup	type-safety	Register declaration and property order are prerequisites for type inference
navigation	search-params	Link search prop directly interacts with search param validation
data-loading	search-params	loaderDeps consumes validated search params as cache keys
data-loading	external-data-loading	Understanding built-in caching is prerequisite for external cache coordination
auth-and-guards	data-loading	beforeLoad runs before loader — auth context flows into loader via route context
code-splitting	data-loading	Loader splitting decisions affect data loading performance
ssr	data-loading	SSR changes where loaders execute — must handle both environments
ssr	external-data-loading	SSR dehydration/hydration requires special Query setup
not-found-and-errors	data-loading	notFound() in loaders interacts with error boundaries and loader data availability
migrate-from-react-router	route-setup	Migration requires understanding TanStack Router route setup

Subsystems & Reference Candidates

Skill	Subsystems	Reference candidates
route-setup	—	file naming conventions (>10 distinct conventions)
search-params	Zod adapter, Valibot adapter, ArkType adapter	search param validation patterns (>10 distinct patterns)
All others	—	—

Recommended Skill File Structure

• Core skills: route-setup, navigation, search-params, path-params, data-loading, code-splitting, not-found-and-errors, route-masking, type-safety, ssr, auth-and-guards
• Framework skills: None needed separately — React and Solid share the same core API surface. Framework-specific notes belong inline.
• Lifecycle skills: migrate-from-react-router
• Composition skills: external-data-loading (TanStack Query)
• Reference files: search-params (validation patterns), route-setup (file naming conventions)

Composition Opportunities

Library	Integration points	Composition skill needed?
@tanstack/react-query	Loader coordination, SSR dehydration/hydration, streaming	Yes — external-data-loading
Zod	Search param validation	No — covered as subsystem in search-params
Valibot	Search param validation	No — covered as subsystem in search-params
ArkType	Search param validation	No — covered as subsystem in search-params