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Lightning in 15 minutes

docs/source-pytorch/starter/introduction.rst

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####################### Lightning in 15 minutes ####################### Required background: None

Goal: In this guide, we'll walk you through the 7 key steps of a typical Lightning workflow.

PyTorch Lightning is the deep learning framework with "batteries included" for professional AI researchers and machine learning engineers who need maximal flexibility while super-charging performance at scale.

Lightning organizes PyTorch code to remove boilerplate and unlock scalability.

.. video:: https://pl-public-data.s3.amazonaws.com/assets_lightning/pl_readme_gif_2_0.mp4 :width: 800 :autoplay: :loop: :muted:

By organizing PyTorch code, lightning enables:

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.. displayitem:: :header: Full flexibility :description: Try any ideas using raw PyTorch without the boilerplate. :col_css: col-md-3 :image_center: https://pl-bolts-doc-images.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/card_full_control.png :height: 290

.. displayitem:: :description: Decoupled research and engineering code enable reproducibility and better readability. :header: Reproducible + Readable :col_css: col-md-3 :image_center: https://pl-bolts-doc-images.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/card_no_boilerplate.png :height: 290

.. displayitem:: :description: Use multiple GPUs/TPUs/HPUs etc... without code changes. :header: Simple multi-GPU training :col_css: col-md-3 :image_center: https://pl-bolts-doc-images.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/card_hardware.png :height: 290

.. displayitem:: :description: We've done all the testing so you don't have to. :header: Built-in testing :col_css: col-md-3 :image_center: https://pl-bolts-doc-images.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/card_testing.png :height: 290

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1: Install PyTorch Lightning

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For pip <https://pypi.org/project/pytorch-lightning/>_ users

.. code-block:: bash

pip install lightning

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For conda <https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/pytorch-lightning>_ users

.. code-block:: bash

conda install lightning -c conda-forge

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Or read the advanced install guide <installation.html>_

.. _new_project:

2: Define a LightningModule

A LightningModule enables your PyTorch nn.Module to play together in complex ways inside the training_step (there is also an optional validation_step and test_step).

.. testcode:: :skipif: not _TORCHVISION_AVAILABLE

import os
from torch import optim, nn, utils, Tensor
from torchvision.datasets import MNIST
from torchvision.transforms import ToTensor
import lightning as L

# define any number of nn.Modules (or use your current ones)
encoder = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(28 * 28, 64), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(64, 3))
decoder = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(3, 64), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(64, 28 * 28))


# define the LightningModule
class LitAutoEncoder(L.LightningModule):
    def __init__(self, encoder, decoder):
        super().__init__()
        self.encoder = encoder
        self.decoder = decoder

    def training_step(self, batch, batch_idx):
        # training_step defines the train loop.
        # it is independent of forward
        x, _ = batch
        x = x.view(x.size(0), -1)
        z = self.encoder(x)
        x_hat = self.decoder(z)
        loss = nn.functional.mse_loss(x_hat, x)
        # Logging to TensorBoard (if installed) by default
        self.log("train_loss", loss)
        return loss

    def configure_optimizers(self):
        optimizer = optim.Adam(self.parameters(), lr=1e-3)
        return optimizer


# init the autoencoder
autoencoder = LitAutoEncoder(encoder, decoder)

3: Define a dataset

Lightning supports ANY iterable (:class:~torch.utils.data.DataLoader, numpy, etc...) for the train/val/test/predict splits.

.. code-block:: python

# setup data
dataset = MNIST(os.getcwd(), download=True, transform=ToTensor())
train_loader = utils.data.DataLoader(dataset)

4: Train the model

The Lightning :doc:Trainer <../common/trainer> "mixes" any :doc:LightningModule <../common/lightning_module> with any dataset and abstracts away all the engineering complexity needed for scale.

.. code-block:: python

# train the model (hint: here are some helpful Trainer arguments for rapid idea iteration)
trainer = L.Trainer(limit_train_batches=100, max_epochs=1)
trainer.fit(model=autoencoder, train_dataloaders=train_loader)

The Lightning :doc:Trainer <../common/trainer> automates 40+ tricks <../common/trainer.html#trainer-flags>_ including:

  • Epoch and batch iteration
  • optimizer.step(), loss.backward(), optimizer.zero_grad() calls
  • Calling of model.eval(), enabling/disabling grads during evaluation
  • :doc:Checkpoint Saving and Loading <../common/checkpointing>
  • Tensorboard (see :doc:loggers <../visualize/loggers> options)
  • :doc:Multi-GPU <../accelerators/gpu> support
  • :doc:TPU <../accelerators/tpu>
  • :ref:16-bit precision AMP <speed-amp> support

5: Use the model

Once you've trained the model you can export to onnx, torchscript and put it into production or simply load the weights and run predictions.

.. code:: python

# load checkpoint
checkpoint = "./lightning_logs/version_0/checkpoints/epoch=0-step=100.ckpt"
autoencoder = LitAutoEncoder.load_from_checkpoint(checkpoint, encoder=encoder, decoder=decoder)

# choose your trained nn.Module
encoder = autoencoder.encoder
encoder.eval()

# embed 4 fake images!
fake_image_batch = torch.rand(4, 28 * 28, device=autoencoder.device)
embeddings = encoder(fake_image_batch)
print("⚡" * 20, "\nPredictions (4 image embeddings):\n", embeddings, "\n", "⚡" * 20)

6: Visualize training

If you have tensorboard installed, you can use it for visualizing experiments.

Run this on your commandline and open your browser to http://localhost:6006/

.. code:: bash

tensorboard --logdir .

7: Supercharge training

Enable advanced training features using Trainer arguments. These are state-of-the-art techniques that are automatically integrated into your training loop without changes to your code.

.. code::

train on 4 GPUs

trainer = L.Trainer( devices=4, accelerator="gpu", )

train 1TB+ parameter models with Deepspeed/fsdp

trainer = L.Trainer( devices=4, accelerator="gpu", strategy="deepspeed_stage_2", precision=16 )

20+ helpful flags for rapid idea iteration

trainer = L.Trainer( max_epochs=10, min_epochs=5, overfit_batches=1 )

access the latest state of the art techniques

trainer = L.Trainer(callbacks=[WeightAveraging(...)])

Maximize flexibility

Lightning's core guiding principle is to always provide maximal flexibility without ever hiding any of the PyTorch.

Lightning offers 5 added degrees of flexibility depending on your project's complexity.

Customize training loop

.. image:: https://pl-bolts-doc-images.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/custom_loop.png :width: 600 :alt: Injecting custom code in a training loop

Inject custom code anywhere in the Training loop using any of the 20+ methods (:ref:lightning_hooks) available in the LightningModule.

.. testcode::

class LitAutoEncoder(L.LightningModule):
    def backward(self, loss):
        loss.backward()

Extend the Trainer

.. video:: https://pl-public-data.s3.amazonaws.com/assets_lightning/cb.mp4 :width: 600 :autoplay: :loop: :muted:

If you have multiple lines of code with similar functionalities, you can use callbacks to easily group them together and toggle all of those lines on or off at the same time.

.. code::

trainer = Trainer(callbacks=[AWSCheckpoints()])

Use a raw PyTorch loop

For certain types of work at the bleeding-edge of research, Lightning offers experts full control of optimization or the training loop in various ways.

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.. displayitem:: :header: Manual optimization :description: Automated training loop, but you own the optimization steps. :col_css: col-md-4 :image_center: https://pl-bolts-doc-images.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/manual_opt.png :button_link: ../model/build_model_advanced.html#manual-optimization :image_height: 220px :height: 320

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Next steps

Depending on your use case, you might want to check one of these out next.

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.. displayitem:: :header: Level 2: Add a validation and test set :description: Add validation and test sets to avoid over/underfitting. :button_link: ../levels/basic_level_2.html :col_css: col-md-3 :height: 180 :tag: basic

.. displayitem:: :header: See more examples :description: See examples across computer vision, NLP, RL, etc... :col_css: col-md-3 :button_link: ../tutorials.html :height: 180 :tag: basic

.. displayitem:: :header: Deploy your model :description: Learn how to predict or put your model into production :col_css: col-md-3 :button_link: ../deploy/production.html :height: 180 :tag: basic

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