Best Practices

Designing the workflow itself (channels, severity, critical, digest, conditions, templates)? See design-workflow/. This file covers trigger-side best practices only — idempotency, retries, payload design, and topic vs bulk choice.

Idempotency

transactionId is unique to each workflow trigger (event). Novu generates unique transactionId if not provided during trigger. It can be used for idempotennt workflow run and to cancel the pending workflow run later

typescript

import { randomUUID } from "crypto";

const result = await novu.trigger({
  workflowId: "order-confirmation",
  to: "customer-123",
  payload: { orderId: "order-001" },
  transactionId: `order-confirmation-order-001`, // deterministic ID prevents duplicates
});

Deterministic IDs (based on the event context) are preferred over random UUIDs — they naturally prevent duplicate triggers for the same event.

Error Handling

typescript

try {
  const result = await novu.trigger({
    workflowId: "welcome-email",
    to: "subscriber-123",
    payload: { userName: "Jane" },
  });
  console.log("Triggered successfully:", result);
} catch (error) {
  if (error.statusCode === 422) {
    console.error("Validation error — check payload schema:", error.message);
  } else if (error.statusCode === 401) {
    console.error("Authentication failed — check NOVU_SECRET_KEY");
  } else if (error.statusCode === 404) {
    console.error("Workflow not found — check workflowId");
  } else {
    console.error("Unexpected error:", error);
  }
}

Retry Strategy

For transient failures (5xx errors, network timeouts), use exponential backoff:

typescript

async function triggerWithRetry(
  novu: Novu,
  params: TriggerParams,
  maxRetries = 3
) {
  for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
    try {
      return await novu.trigger(params);
    } catch (error) {
      const isRetryable = error.statusCode >= 500 || error.code === "ECONNRESET";
      if (!isRetryable || attempt === maxRetries) throw error;

      const delay = Math.pow(2, attempt) * 1000; // 1s, 2s, 4s
      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, delay));
    }
  }
}

Non-retryable errors (do not retry):

401 — Invalid API key
404 — Workflow not found
422 — Payload validation failure

Payload Design

Keep payloads small — include IDs and references, not full objects
Use the workflow's payloadSchema to enforce structure
Avoid sensitive data in payloads (they may be logged/stored)

typescript

// Good: reference IDs
{ orderId: "order-001", userId: "user-123" }

// Avoid: full objects with sensitive data
{ order: { id: "order-001", creditCard: "4111..." } }

Topic vs. Bulk Triggers

Use Case	Approach
Same notification to a group	Topic trigger
Different payloads per subscriber	Bulk trigger
All subscribers in the environment	Broadcast
More than 100 unique events	Chunked bulk triggers