doc/api/deprecations.md
Node.js APIs might be deprecated for any of the following reasons:
Node.js uses four kinds of deprecations:
node_modules code only)A Documentation-only deprecation is one that is expressed only within the
Node.js API docs. These generate no side-effects while running Node.js.
Some Documentation-only deprecations trigger a runtime warning when launched
with --pending-deprecation flag (or its alternative,
NODE_PENDING_DEPRECATION=1 environment variable), similarly to Runtime
deprecations below. Documentation-only deprecations that support that flag
are explicitly labeled as such in the
list of Deprecated APIs.
An Application deprecation for only non-node_modules code will, by default,
generate a process warning that will be printed to stderr the first time
the deprecated API is used in code that's not loaded from node_modules.
When the --throw-deprecation command-line flag is used, a Runtime
deprecation will cause an error to be thrown. When
--pending-deprecation is used, warnings will also be emitted for
code loaded from node_modules.
A runtime deprecation for all code is similar to the runtime deprecation
for non-node_modules code, except that it also emits a warning for
code loaded from node_modules.
An End-of-Life deprecation is used when functionality is or will soon be removed from Node.js.
Occasionally, the deprecation of an API might be reversed. In such situations, this document will be updated with information relevant to the decision. However, the deprecation identifier will not be modified.
http.OutgoingMessage.prototype.flushType: End-of-Life
OutgoingMessage.prototype.flush() has been removed. Use
OutgoingMessage.prototype.flushHeaders() instead.
require('_linklist')Type: End-of-Life
The _linklist module is deprecated. Please use a userland alternative.
_writableState.bufferType: End-of-Life
The _writableState.buffer has been removed. Use _writableState.getBuffer()
instead.
CryptoStream.prototype.readyStateType: End-of-Life
The CryptoStream.prototype.readyState property was removed.
Buffer() constructorType: Application (non-node_modules code only)
The Buffer() function and new Buffer() constructor are deprecated due to
API usability issues that can lead to accidental security issues.
As an alternative, use one of the following methods of constructing Buffer
objects:
Buffer.alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]]): Create a Buffer with
initialized memory.Buffer.allocUnsafe(size): Create a Buffer with
uninitialized memory.Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size): Create a Buffer with uninitialized
memory.Buffer.from(array): Create a Buffer with a copy of arrayBuffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]]) -
Create a Buffer that wraps the given arrayBuffer.Buffer.from(buffer): Create a Buffer that copies buffer.Buffer.from(string[, encoding]): Create a Buffer
that copies string.Without --pending-deprecation, runtime warnings occur only for code not in
node_modules. This means there will not be deprecation warnings for
Buffer() usage in dependencies. With --pending-deprecation, a runtime
warning results no matter where the Buffer() usage occurs.
child_process options.customFdsType: End-of-Life
Within the child_process module's spawn(), fork(), and exec()
methods, the options.customFds option is deprecated. The options.stdio
option should be used instead.
cluster worker.suicide with worker.exitedAfterDisconnectType: End-of-Life
In an earlier version of the Node.js cluster, a boolean property with the name
suicide was added to the Worker object. The intent of this property was to
provide an indication of how and why the Worker instance exited. In Node.js
6.0.0, the old property was deprecated and replaced with a new
worker.exitedAfterDisconnect property. The old property name did not
precisely describe the actual semantics and was unnecessarily emotion-laden.
require('node:constants')Type: Documentation-only
The node:constants module is deprecated. When requiring access to constants
relevant to specific Node.js builtin modules, developers should instead refer
to the constants property exposed by the relevant module. For instance,
require('node:fs').constants and require('node:os').constants.
crypto.pbkdf2 without digestType: End-of-Life
Use of the crypto.pbkdf2() API without specifying a digest was deprecated
in Node.js 6.0 because the method defaulted to using the non-recommended
'SHA1' digest. Previously, a deprecation warning was printed. Starting in
Node.js 8.0.0, calling crypto.pbkdf2() or crypto.pbkdf2Sync() with
digest set to undefined will throw a TypeError.
Beginning in Node.js 11.0.0, calling these functions with digest set to
null would print a deprecation warning to align with the behavior when digest
is undefined.
Now, however, passing either undefined or null will throw a TypeError.
crypto.createCredentialsType: End-of-Life
The crypto.createCredentials() API was removed. Please use
tls.createSecureContext() instead.
crypto.CredentialsType: End-of-Life
The crypto.Credentials class was removed. Please use tls.SecureContext
instead.
Domain.disposeType: End-of-Life
Domain.dispose() has been removed. Recover from failed I/O actions
explicitly via error event handlers set on the domain instead.
fs asynchronous function without callbackType: End-of-Life
Calling an asynchronous function without a callback throws a TypeError
in Node.js 10.0.0 onwards. See https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/12562.
fs.read legacy String interfaceType: End-of-Life
The fs.read() legacy String interface is deprecated. Use the Buffer
API as mentioned in the documentation instead.
fs.readSync legacy String interfaceType: End-of-Life
The fs.readSync() legacy String interface is deprecated. Use the
Buffer API as mentioned in the documentation instead.
GLOBAL/rootType: End-of-Life
The GLOBAL and root aliases for the global property were deprecated
in Node.js 6.0.0 and have since been removed.
Intl.v8BreakIteratorType: End-of-Life
Intl.v8BreakIterator was a non-standard extension and has been removed.
See Intl.Segmenter.
Type: End-of-Life
Unhandled promise rejections are deprecated. By default, promise rejections
that are not handled terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit
code. To change the way Node.js treats unhandled rejections, use the
--unhandled-rejections command-line option.
require('.') resolved outside directoryType: End-of-Life
In certain cases, require('.') could resolve outside the package directory.
This behavior has been removed.
Server.connectionsType: End-of-Life
The Server.connections property was deprecated in Node.js 0.9.7 and has
been removed. Please use the Server.getConnections() method instead.
Server.listenFDType: End-of-Life
The Server.listenFD() method was deprecated and removed. Please use
Server.listen({fd: <number>}) instead.
os.tmpDir()Type: End-of-Life
The os.tmpDir() API was deprecated in Node.js 7.0.0 and has since been
removed. Please use os.tmpdir() instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/tmpDir-to-tmpdir
os.getNetworkInterfaces()Type: End-of-Life
The os.getNetworkInterfaces() method is deprecated. Please use the
os.networkInterfaces() method instead.
REPLServer.prototype.convertToContext()Type: End-of-Life
The REPLServer.prototype.convertToContext() API has been removed.
require('node:sys')Type: Runtime
The node:sys module is deprecated. Please use the util module instead.
util.print()Type: End-of-Life
util.print() has been removed. Please use console.log() instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-print-to-console-log
util.puts()Type: End-of-Life
util.puts() has been removed. Please use console.log() instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-print-to-console-log
util.debug()Type: End-of-Life
util.debug() has been removed. Please use console.error() instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-print-to-console-log
util.error()Type: End-of-Life
util.error() has been removed. Please use console.error() instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-print-to-console-log
SlowBufferType: End-of-Life
The SlowBuffer class has been removed. Please use
Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size) instead.
An automated migration is available (source).
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/slow-buffer-to-buffer-alloc-unsafe-slow
ecdh.setPublicKey()Type: Runtime
The ecdh.setPublicKey() method is now deprecated as its inclusion in
the API is not useful.
node:domain moduleType: Documentation-only
The domain module is deprecated and should not be used.
EventEmitter.listenerCount()Type: Revoked
The events.listenerCount(emitter, eventName) API was deprecated, as it
provided identical fuctionality to emitter.listenerCount(eventName). The
deprecation was revoked because this function has been repurposed to also
accept {EventTarget} arguments.
fs.exists(path, callback)Type: Documentation-only
The fs.exists(path, callback) API is deprecated. Please use
fs.stat() or fs.access() instead.
fs.lchmod(path, mode, callback)Type: Documentation-only
The fs.lchmod(path, mode, callback) API is deprecated.
fs.lchmodSync(path, mode)Type: Documentation-only
The fs.lchmodSync(path, mode) API is deprecated.
fs.lchown(path, uid, gid, callback)Type: Deprecation revoked
The fs.lchown(path, uid, gid, callback) API was deprecated. The
deprecation was revoked because the requisite supporting APIs were added in
libuv.
fs.lchownSync(path, uid, gid)Type: Deprecation revoked
The fs.lchownSync(path, uid, gid) API was deprecated. The deprecation was
revoked because the requisite supporting APIs were added in libuv.
require.extensionsType: Documentation-only
The require.extensions property is deprecated.
node:punycode moduleType: Application (non-node_modules code only)
The punycode module is deprecated. Please use a userland alternative
instead.
NODE_REPL_HISTORY_FILE environment variableType: End-of-Life
The NODE_REPL_HISTORY_FILE environment variable was removed. Please use
NODE_REPL_HISTORY instead.
tls.CryptoStreamType: End-of-Life
The tls.CryptoStream class was removed. Please use
tls.TLSSocket instead.
tls.SecurePairType: End-of-Life
The tls.SecurePair class is deprecated. Please use
tls.TLSSocket instead.
util.isArray()Type: Runtime
The util.isArray() API is deprecated. Please use Array.isArray()
instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isBoolean()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isBoolean() API has been removed. Please use
typeof arg === 'boolean' instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isBuffer()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isBuffer() API has been removed. Please use
Buffer.isBuffer() instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isDate()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isDate() API has been removed. Please use
arg instanceof Date instead.
Also for stronger approaches, consider using:
Date.prototype.toString.call(arg) === '[object Date]' && !isNaN(arg).
This can also be used in a try/catch block to handle invalid date objects.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isError()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isError() API has been removed. Please use Error.isError(arg).
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isFunction()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isFunction() API has been removed. Please use
typeof arg === 'function' instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isNull()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isNull() API has been removed. Please use
arg === null instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isNullOrUndefined()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isNullOrUndefined() API has been removed. Please use
arg === null || arg === undefined instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isNumber()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isNumber() API has been removed. Please use
typeof arg === 'number' instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isObject()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isObject() API has been removed. Please use
arg && typeof arg === 'object' instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isPrimitive()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isPrimitive() API has been removed. Please use Object(arg) !== arg instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isRegExp()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isRegExp() API has been removed. Please use
arg instanceof RegExp instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isString()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isString() API has been removed. Please use
typeof arg === 'string' instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isSymbol()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isSymbol() API has been removed. Please use
typeof arg === 'symbol' instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.isUndefined()Type: End-of-Life
The util.isUndefined() API has been removed. Please use
arg === undefined instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-is
util.log()Type: End-of-Life
The util.log() API has been removed because it's an unmaintained
legacy API that was exposed to user land by accident. Instead,
consider the following alternatives based on your specific needs:
Third-Party Logging Libraries
Use console.log(new Date().toLocaleString(), message)
By adopting one of these alternatives, you can transition away from util.log()
and choose a logging strategy that aligns with the specific
requirements and complexity of your application.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-log-to-console-log
util._extend()Type: Runtime
The util._extend() API is deprecated because it's an unmaintained
legacy API that was exposed to user land by accident.
Please use target = Object.assign(target, source) instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/util-extend-to-object-assign
fs.SyncWriteStreamType: End-of-Life
The fs.SyncWriteStream class was never intended to be a publicly accessible
API and has been removed. No alternative API is available. Please use a userland
alternative.
node --debugType: End-of-Life
--debug activates the legacy V8 debugger interface, which was removed as
of V8 5.8. It is replaced by Inspector which is activated with --inspect
instead.
ServerResponse.prototype.writeHeader()Type: Runtime
The node:http module ServerResponse.prototype.writeHeader() API is
deprecated. Please use ServerResponse.prototype.writeHead() instead.
The ServerResponse.prototype.writeHeader() method was never documented as an
officially supported API.
tls.createSecurePair()Type: End-of-Life
The tls.createSecurePair() API was deprecated in documentation in Node.js
0.11.3. Users should use tls.Socket instead.
repl.REPL_MODE_MAGIC and NODE_REPL_MODE=magicType: End-of-Life
The node:repl module's REPL_MODE_MAGIC constant, used for replMode option,
has been removed. Its behavior has been functionally identical to that of
REPL_MODE_SLOPPY since Node.js 6.0.0, when V8 5.0 was imported. Please use
REPL_MODE_SLOPPY instead.
The NODE_REPL_MODE environment variable is used to set the underlying
replMode of an interactive node session. Its value, magic, is also
removed. Please use sloppy instead.
OutgoingMessage.prototype._headers, OutgoingMessage.prototype._headerNamesType: End-of-Life
The node:http module OutgoingMessage.prototype._headers and
OutgoingMessage.prototype._headerNames properties are deprecated. Use one of
the public methods (e.g. OutgoingMessage.prototype.getHeader(),
OutgoingMessage.prototype.getHeaders(),
OutgoingMessage.prototype.getHeaderNames(),
OutgoingMessage.prototype.getRawHeaderNames(),
OutgoingMessage.prototype.hasHeader(),
OutgoingMessage.prototype.removeHeader(),
OutgoingMessage.prototype.setHeader()) for working with outgoing headers.
The OutgoingMessage.prototype._headers and
OutgoingMessage.prototype._headerNames properties were never documented as
officially supported properties.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/http-outgoingmessage-headers
OutgoingMessage.prototype._renderHeadersType: Documentation-only
The node:http module OutgoingMessage.prototype._renderHeaders() API is
deprecated.
The OutgoingMessage.prototype._renderHeaders property was never documented as
an officially supported API.
node debugType: End-of-Life
node debug corresponds to the legacy CLI debugger which has been replaced with
a V8-inspector based CLI debugger available through node inspect.
vm.runInDebugContext(string)Type: End-of-Life
DebugContext has been removed in V8 and is not available in Node.js 10+.
DebugContext was an experimental API.
async_hooks.currentId()Type: End-of-Life
async_hooks.currentId() was renamed to async_hooks.executionAsyncId() for
clarity.
This change was made while async_hooks was an experimental API.
async_hooks.triggerId()Type: End-of-Life
async_hooks.triggerId() was renamed to async_hooks.triggerAsyncId() for
clarity.
This change was made while async_hooks was an experimental API.
async_hooks.AsyncResource.triggerId()Type: End-of-Life
async_hooks.AsyncResource.triggerId() was renamed to
async_hooks.AsyncResource.triggerAsyncId() for clarity.
This change was made while async_hooks was an experimental API.
net.ServerType: End-of-Life
Accessing several internal, undocumented properties of net.Server instances
with inappropriate names is deprecated.
As the original API was undocumented and not generally useful for non-internal code, no replacement API is provided.
REPLServer.bufferedCommandType: End-of-Life
The REPLServer.bufferedCommand property was deprecated in favor of
REPLServer.clearBufferedCommand().
REPLServer.parseREPLKeyword()Type: End-of-Life
REPLServer.parseREPLKeyword() was removed from userland visibility.
tls.parseCertString()Type: End-of-Life
tls.parseCertString() was a trivial parsing helper that was made public by
mistake. While it was supposed to parse certificate subject and issuer strings,
it never handled multi-value Relative Distinguished Names correctly.
Earlier versions of this document suggested using querystring.parse() as an
alternative to tls.parseCertString(). However, querystring.parse() also does
not handle all certificate subjects correctly and should not be used.
Module._debug()Type: End-of-Life
Module._debug() has been removed.
The Module._debug() function was never documented as an officially
supported API.
REPLServer.turnOffEditorMode()Type: End-of-Life
REPLServer.turnOffEditorMode() was removed from userland visibility.
.inspect()Type: End-of-Life
Using a property named inspect on an object to specify a custom inspection
function for util.inspect() is deprecated. Use util.inspect.custom
instead. For backward compatibility with Node.js prior to version 6.4.0, both
can be specified.
path._makeLong()Type: Documentation-only
The internal path._makeLong() was not intended for public use. However,
userland modules have found it useful. The internal API is deprecated
and replaced with an identical, public path.toNamespacedPath() method.
fs.truncate() using a file descriptorType: End-of-Life
fs.truncate() fs.truncateSync() usage with a file descriptor is
deprecated. Please use fs.ftruncate() or fs.ftruncateSync() to work with
file descriptors.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/fs-truncate-fd-deprecation
REPLServer.prototype.memory()Type: End-of-Life
REPLServer.prototype.memory() is only necessary for the internal mechanics of
the REPLServer itself. Do not use this function.
ecdhCurve to falseType: End-of-Life
The ecdhCurve option to tls.createSecureContext() and tls.TLSSocket could
be set to false to disable ECDH entirely on the server only. This mode was
deprecated in preparation for migrating to OpenSSL 1.1.0 and consistency with
the client and is now unsupported. Use the ciphers parameter instead.
Type: End-of-Life
Since Node.js versions 4.4.0 and 5.2.0, several modules only intended for
internal usage were mistakenly exposed to user code through require(). These
modules were:
v8/tools/codemapv8/tools/consarrayv8/tools/csvparserv8/tools/logreaderv8/tools/profile_viewv8/tools/profilev8/tools/SourceMapv8/tools/splaytreev8/tools/tickprocessor-driverv8/tools/tickprocessornode-inspect/lib/_inspect (from 7.6.0)node-inspect/lib/internal/inspect_client (from 7.6.0)node-inspect/lib/internal/inspect_repl (from 7.6.0)The v8/* modules do not have any exports, and if not imported in a specific
order would in fact throw errors. As such there are virtually no legitimate use
cases for importing them through require().
On the other hand, node-inspect can be installed locally through a package
manager, as it is published on the npm registry under the same name. No source
code modification is necessary if that is done.
Type: End-of-Life
The AsyncHooks sensitive API was never documented and had various minor issues.
Use the AsyncResource API instead. See
https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/15572.
runInAsyncIdScopeType: End-of-Life
runInAsyncIdScope doesn't emit the 'before' or 'after' event and can thus
cause a lot of issues. See https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/14328.
require('node:assert')Type: Deprecation revoked
Importing assert directly was not recommended as the exposed functions use
loose equality checks. The deprecation was revoked because use of the
node:assert module is not discouraged, and the deprecation caused developer
confusion.
Type: End-of-Life
Node.js used to support all GCM authentication tag lengths which are accepted by
OpenSSL when calling decipher.setAuthTag(). Beginning with Node.js
v11.0.0, only authentication tag lengths of 128, 120, 112, 104, 96, 64, and 32
bits are allowed. Authentication tags of other lengths are invalid per
NIST SP 800-38D.
crypto.DEFAULT_ENCODINGType: End-of-Life
The crypto.DEFAULT_ENCODING property only existed for compatibility with
Node.js releases prior to versions 0.9.3 and has been removed.
this bound to module.exportsType: Documentation-only
Assigning properties to the top-level this as an alternative
to module.exports is deprecated. Developers should use exports
or module.exports instead.
crypto.fips is deprecated and replacedType: Runtime
The crypto.fips property is deprecated. Please use crypto.setFips()
and crypto.getFips() instead.
An automated migration is available (source).
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/crypto-fips-to-getFips
assert.fail() with more than one argumentType: End-of-Life
Using assert.fail() with more than one argument is deprecated. Use
assert.fail() with only one argument or use a different node:assert module
method.
timers.enroll()Type: End-of-Life
timers.enroll() has been removed. Please use the publicly documented
setTimeout() or setInterval() instead.
timers.unenroll()Type: End-of-Life
timers.unenroll() has been removed. Please use the publicly documented
clearTimeout() or clearInterval() instead.
MakeCallback with domain propertyType: Runtime
Users of MakeCallback that add the domain property to carry context,
should start using the async_context variant of MakeCallback or
CallbackScope, or the high-level AsyncResource class.
AsyncResource.emitBefore and AsyncResource.emitAfter APIsType: End-of-Life
The embedded API provided by AsyncHooks exposes .emitBefore() and
.emitAfter() methods which are very easy to use incorrectly which can lead
to unrecoverable errors.
Use asyncResource.runInAsyncScope() API instead which provides a much
safer, and more convenient, alternative. See
https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/18513.
node::MakeCallback C++ APIsType: Compile-time
Certain versions of node::MakeCallback APIs available to native addons are
deprecated. Please use the versions of the API that accept an async_context
parameter.
process.assert()Type: End-of-Life
process.assert() is deprecated. Please use the assert module instead.
This was never a documented feature.
An automated migration is available (source).
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/process-assert-to-node-assert
--with-lttngType: End-of-Life
The --with-lttng compile-time option has been removed.
noAssert in Buffer#(read|write) operationsType: End-of-Life
Using the noAssert argument has no functionality anymore. All input is
verified regardless of the value of noAssert. Skipping the verification
could lead to hard-to-find errors and crashes.
process.binding('util').is[...] typechecksType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
Using process.binding() in general should be avoided. The type checking
methods in particular can be replaced by using util.types.
This deprecation has been superseded by the deprecation of the
process.binding() API (DEP0111).
process.env string coercionType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
When assigning a non-string property to process.env, the assigned value is
implicitly converted to a string. This behavior is deprecated if the assigned
value is not a string, boolean, or number. In the future, such assignment might
result in a thrown error. Please convert the property to a string before
assigning it to process.env.
decipher.finaltolType: End-of-Life
decipher.finaltol() has never been documented and was an alias for
decipher.final(). This API has been removed, and it is recommended to use
decipher.final() instead.
crypto.createCipher and crypto.createDecipherType: End-of-Life
crypto.createCipher() and crypto.createDecipher() have been removed
as they use a weak key derivation function (MD5 with no salt) and static
initialization vectors.
It is recommended to derive a key using
crypto.pbkdf2() or crypto.scrypt() with random salts and to use
crypto.createCipheriv() and crypto.createDecipheriv() to obtain the
Cipheriv and Decipheriv objects respectively.
tls.convertNPNProtocols()Type: End-of-Life
This was an undocumented helper function not intended for use outside Node.js core and obsoleted by the removal of NPN (Next Protocol Negotiation) support.
zlib.bytesReadType: End-of-Life
Deprecated alias for zlib.bytesWritten. This original name was chosen
because it also made sense to interpret the value as the number of bytes
read by the engine, but is inconsistent with other streams in Node.js that
expose values under these names.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/zlib-bytesread-to-byteswritten
http, https, and tls support for invalid URLsType: End-of-Life
Some previously supported (but strictly invalid) URLs were accepted through the
http.request(), http.get(), https.request(),
https.get(), and tls.checkServerIdentity() APIs because those were
accepted by the legacy url.parse() API. The mentioned APIs now use the WHATWG
URL parser that requires strictly valid URLs. Passing an invalid URL is
deprecated and support will be removed in the future.
vm.Script cached dataType: Documentation-only
The produceCachedData option is deprecated. Use
script.createCachedData() instead.
process.binding()Type: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
process.binding() is for use by Node.js internal code only.
While process.binding() has not reached End-of-Life status in general, it is
unavailable when the permission model is enabled.
dgram private APIsType: End-of-Life
The node:dgram module previously contained several APIs that were never meant
to accessed outside of Node.js core: Socket.prototype._handle,
Socket.prototype._receiving, Socket.prototype._bindState,
Socket.prototype._queue, Socket.prototype._reuseAddr,
Socket.prototype._healthCheck(), Socket.prototype._stopReceiving(), and
dgram._createSocketHandle(). These have been removed.
Cipher.setAuthTag(), Decipher.getAuthTag()Type: End-of-Life
Cipher.setAuthTag() and Decipher.getAuthTag() are no longer available. They
were never documented and would throw when called.
crypto._toBuf()Type: End-of-Life
The crypto._toBuf() function was not designed to be used by modules outside
of Node.js core and was removed.
crypto.prng(), crypto.pseudoRandomBytes(), crypto.rng()Type: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
In recent versions of Node.js, there is no difference between
crypto.randomBytes() and crypto.pseudoRandomBytes(). The latter is
deprecated along with the undocumented aliases crypto.prng() and
crypto.rng() in favor of crypto.randomBytes() and might be removed in a
future release.
Type: Deprecation revoked
The legacy URL API is deprecated. This includes url.format(),
url.parse(), url.resolve(), and the legacy urlObject. Please
use the WHATWG URL API instead.
An automated migration is available (source).
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/node-url-to-whatwg-url
Type: End-of-Life
Previous versions of Node.js exposed handles to internal native objects through
the _handle property of the Cipher, Decipher, DiffieHellman,
DiffieHellmanGroup, ECDH, Hash, Hmac, Sign, and Verify classes.
The _handle property has been removed because improper use of the native
object can lead to crashing the application.
dns.lookup() support for a falsy host nameType: End-of-Life
Previous versions of Node.js supported dns.lookup() with a falsy host name
like dns.lookup(false) due to backward compatibility. This has been removed.
process.binding('uv').errname() private APIType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
process.binding('uv').errname() is deprecated. Please use
util.getSystemErrorName() instead.
Type: End-of-Life
Windows Performance Counter support has been removed from Node.js. The
undocumented COUNTER_NET_SERVER_CONNECTION(),
COUNTER_NET_SERVER_CONNECTION_CLOSE(), COUNTER_HTTP_SERVER_REQUEST(),
COUNTER_HTTP_SERVER_RESPONSE(), COUNTER_HTTP_CLIENT_REQUEST(), and
COUNTER_HTTP_CLIENT_RESPONSE() functions have been deprecated.
net._setSimultaneousAccepts()Type: End-of-Life
The undocumented net._setSimultaneousAccepts() function was originally
intended for debugging and performance tuning when using the
node:child_process and node:cluster modules on Windows. The function is not
generally useful and is being removed. See discussion here:
https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/18391
tls Server.prototype.setOptions()Type: End-of-Life
Please use Server.prototype.setSecureContext() instead.
Type: End-of-Life
Setting the TLS ServerName to an IP address is not permitted by RFC 6066.
REPLServer.rliType: End-of-Life
This property is a reference to the instance itself.
require('node:_stream_wrap')Type: Runtime
The node:_stream_wrap module is deprecated.
timers.active()Type: End-of-Life
The previously undocumented timers.active() has been removed.
Please use the publicly documented timeout.refresh() instead.
If re-referencing the timeout is necessary, timeout.ref() can be used
with no performance impact since Node.js 10.
timers._unrefActive()Type: End-of-Life
The previously undocumented and "private" timers._unrefActive() has been removed.
Please use the publicly documented timeout.refresh() instead.
If unreferencing the timeout is necessary, timeout.unref() can be used
with no performance impact since Node.js 10.
main entry and an index.js fileType: Runtime
Modules that have an invalid main entry (e.g., ./does-not-exist.js) and
also have an index.js file in the top level directory will resolve the
index.js file. That is deprecated and is going to throw an error in future
Node.js versions.
ChildProcess._channelType: End-of-Life
The _channel property of child process objects returned by spawn() and
similar functions is not intended for public use. Use ChildProcess.channel
instead.
Module.createRequireFromPath()Type: End-of-Life
Use module.createRequire() instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/create-require-from-path
Type: End-of-Life
The legacy HTTP parser, used by default in versions of Node.js prior to 12.0.0,
is deprecated and has been removed in v13.0.0. Prior to v13.0.0, the
--http-parser=legacy command-line flag could be used to revert to using the
legacy parser.
worker.terminate() with callbackType: End-of-Life
Passing a callback to worker.terminate() is deprecated. Use the returned
Promise instead, or a listener to the worker's 'exit' event.
http connectionType: Documentation-only
Prefer response.socket over response.connection and
request.socket over request.connection.
process._tickCallbackType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
The process._tickCallback property was never documented as
an officially supported API.
WriteStream.open() and ReadStream.open() are internalType: End-of-Life
WriteStream.open() and ReadStream.open() are undocumented internal
APIs that do not make sense to use in userland. File streams should always be
opened through their corresponding factory methods fs.createWriteStream()
and fs.createReadStream()) or by passing a file descriptor in options.
http finishedType: Documentation-only
response.finished indicates whether response.end() has been
called, not whether 'finish' has been emitted and the underlying data
is flushed.
Use response.writableFinished or response.writableEnded
accordingly instead to avoid the ambiguity.
To maintain existing behavior response.finished should be replaced with
response.writableEnded.
Type: End-of-Life
Allowing a fs.FileHandle object to be closed on garbage collection used
to be allowed, but now throws an error.
Please ensure that all fs.FileHandle objects are explicitly closed using
FileHandle.prototype.close() when the fs.FileHandle is no longer needed:
const fsPromises = require('node:fs').promises;
async function openAndClose() {
let filehandle;
try {
filehandle = await fsPromises.open('thefile.txt', 'r');
} finally {
if (filehandle !== undefined)
await filehandle.close();
}
}
process.mainModuleType: Documentation-only
process.mainModule is a CommonJS-only feature while process global
object is shared with non-CommonJS environment. Its use within ECMAScript
modules is unsupported.
It is deprecated in favor of require.main, because it serves the same
purpose and is only available on CommonJS environment.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/process-main-module
process.umask() with no argumentsType: Documentation-only
Calling process.umask() with no argument causes the process-wide umask to be
written twice. This introduces a race condition between threads, and is a
potential security vulnerability. There is no safe, cross-platform alternative
API.
request.destroy() instead of request.abort()Type: Documentation-only
Use request.destroy() instead of request.abort().
repl.inputStream and repl.outputStreamType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
The node:repl module exported the input and output stream twice. Use .input
instead of .inputStream and .output instead of .outputStream.
repl._builtinLibsType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
The node:repl module exports a _builtinLibs property that contains an array
of built-in modules. It was incomplete so far and instead it's better to rely
upon require('node:module').builtinModules.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/repl-builtin-modules
Transform._transformStateType: End-of-Life
Transform._transformState will be removed in future versions where it is
no longer required due to simplification of the implementation.
module.parentType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
A CommonJS module can access the first module that required it using
module.parent. This feature is deprecated because it does not work
consistently in the presence of ECMAScript modules and because it gives an
inaccurate representation of the CommonJS module graph.
Some modules use it to check if they are the entry point of the current process.
Instead, it is recommended to compare require.main and module:
if (require.main === module) {
// Code section that will run only if current file is the entry point.
}
When looking for the CommonJS modules that have required the current one,
require.cache and module.children can be used:
const moduleParents = Object.values(require.cache)
.filter((m) => m.children.includes(module));
socket.bufferSizeType: Documentation-only
socket.bufferSize is just an alias for writable.writableLength.
new crypto.Certificate()Type: Documentation-only
The crypto.Certificate() constructor is deprecated. Use
static methods of crypto.Certificate() instead.
fs.rmdir(path, { recursive: true })Type: End-of-Life
The fs.rmdir, fs.rmdirSync, and fs.promises.rmdir methods used
to support a recursive option. That option has been removed.
Use fs.rm(path, { recursive: true, force: true }),
fs.rmSync(path, { recursive: true, force: true }) or
fs.promises.rm(path, { recursive: true, force: true }) instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/rmdir
"exports" (trailing "/")Type: End-of-Life
Using a trailing "/" to define subpath folder mappings in the
subpath exports or subpath imports fields is no longer supported.
Use subpath patterns instead.
http.IncomingMessage#connectionType: Documentation-only
Prefer message.socket over message.connection.
process.configType: End-of-Life
The process.config property provides access to Node.js compile-time settings.
However, the property is mutable and therefore subject to tampering. The ability
to change the value will be removed in a future version of Node.js.
Type: Runtime
Previously, index.js and extension searching lookups would apply to
import 'pkg' main entry point resolution, even when resolving ES modules.
With this deprecation, all ES module main entry point resolutions require
an explicit "exports" or "main" entry with the exact file extension.
Type: End-of-Life
The 'gc', 'http2', and 'http' {PerformanceEntry} object types used to have
additional properties assigned to them that provide additional information.
These properties are now available within the standard detail property
of the PerformanceEntry object. The deprecated accessors have been
removed.
dns.lookup and dnsPromises.lookup options type coercionType: End-of-Life
Using a non-nullish non-integer value for family option, a non-nullish
non-number value for hints option, a non-nullish non-boolean value for all
option, or a non-nullish non-boolean value for verbatim option in
dns.lookup() and dnsPromises.lookup() throws an
ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE error.
Type: End-of-Life
Use 'hashAlgorithm' instead of 'hash', and 'mgf1HashAlgorithm' instead of 'mgf1Hash'.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/crypto-rsa-pss-update
Type: Runtime
The remapping of specifiers ending in "/" like import 'pkg/x/' is deprecated
for package "exports" and "imports" pattern resolutions.
.aborted property and 'abort', 'aborted' event in httpType: Documentation-only
Move to {Stream} API instead, as the http.ClientRequest,
http.ServerResponse, and http.IncomingMessage are all stream-based.
Check stream.destroyed instead of the .aborted property, and listen for
'close' instead of 'abort', 'aborted' event.
The .aborted property and 'abort' event are only useful for detecting
.abort() calls. For closing a request early, use the Stream
.destroy([error]) then check the .destroyed property and 'close' event
should have the same effect. The receiving end should also check the
readable.readableEnded value on http.IncomingMessage to get whether
it was an aborted or graceful destroy.
Type: End-of-Life
An undocumented feature of Node.js streams was to support thenables in implementation methods. This is now deprecated, use callbacks instead and avoid use of async function for streams implementation methods.
This feature caused users to encounter unexpected problems where the user implements the function in callback style but uses e.g. an async method which would cause an error since mixing promise and callback semantics is not valid.
const w = new Writable({
async final(callback) {
await someOp();
callback();
},
});
buffer.slice(start, end)Type: Documentation-only
This method was deprecated because it is not compatible with
Uint8Array.prototype.slice(), which is a superclass of Buffer.
Use buffer.subarray which does the same thing instead.
ERR_INVALID_CALLBACKType: End-of-Life
This error code was removed due to adding more confusion to the errors used for value type validation.
process.on('multipleResolves', handler)Type: End-of-Life
This event was deprecated and removed because it did not work with V8 promise combinators which diminished its usefulness.
process._getActiveRequests() and process._getActiveHandles()Type: Documentation-only
The process._getActiveHandles() and process._getActiveRequests()
functions are not intended for public use and can be removed in future
releases.
Use process.getActiveResourcesInfo() to get a list of types of active
resources and not the actual references.
fs.write(), fs.writeFileSync() coercion to stringType: End-of-Life
Implicit coercion of objects with own toString property, passed as second
parameter in fs.write(), fs.writeFile(), fs.appendFile(),
fs.writeFileSync(), and fs.appendFileSync() is deprecated.
Convert them to primitive strings.
channel.subscribe(onMessage), channel.unsubscribe(onMessage)Type: Deprecation revoked
These methods were deprecated because their use could leave the channel object vulnerable to being garbage-collected if not strongly referenced by the user. The deprecation was revoked because channel objects are now resistant to garbage collection when the channel has active subscribers.
process.exit(code), process.exitCode coercion to integerType: End-of-Life
Values other than undefined, null, integer numbers, and integer strings
(e.g., '1') are deprecated as value for the code parameter in
process.exit() and as value to assign to process.exitCode.
--trace-atomics-waitType: End-of-Life
The --trace-atomics-wait flag has been removed because
it uses the V8 hook SetAtomicsWaitCallback,
that will be removed in a future V8 release.
Type: Runtime
Package imports and exports targets mapping into paths including a double slash (of "/" or "\") are deprecated and will fail with a resolution validation error in a future release. This same deprecation also applies to pattern matches starting or ending in a slash.
DiffieHellmanGroup instances (modp1, modp2, modp5)Type: Documentation-only
The well-known MODP groups modp1, modp2, and modp5 are deprecated because
they are not secure against practical attacks. See RFC 8247 Section 2.4 for
details.
These groups might be removed in future versions of Node.js. Applications that rely on these groups should evaluate using stronger MODP groups instead.
Type: Runtime
The implicit suppression of uncaught exceptions in Node-API callbacks is now deprecated.
Set the flag --force-node-api-uncaught-exceptions-policy to force Node.js
to emit an 'uncaughtException' event if the exception is not handled in
Node-API callbacks.
Type: Application (non-node_modules code only)
url.parse() behavior is not standardized and prone to errors that
have security implications. Use the WHATWG URL API instead. CVEs are not
issued for url.parse() vulnerabilities.
Calling url.format(urlString) or url.resolve() invokes url.parse()
internally, and is therefore also covered by this deprecation.
url.parse()Type: End-of-Life
url.parse() used to accept URLs with ports that are not numbers. This
behavior might result in host name spoofing with unexpected input. These URLs
will throw an error (which the WHATWG URL API also does).
http.IncomingMessage headers and trailersType: Documentation-only
In a future version of Node.js, message.headers,
message.headersDistinct, message.trailers, and
message.trailersDistinct will be read-only.
asyncResource property of AsyncResource bound functionsType: End-of-Life
Older versions of Node.js would add the asyncResource when a function is
bound to an AsyncResource. It no longer does.
assert.CallTracker classType: End-of-Life
The assert.CallTracker API has been removed.
promisify on a function that returns a PromiseType: Runtime
Calling util.promisify on a function that returns a Promise will ignore
the result of said promise, which can lead to unhandled promise rejections.
util.toUSVStringType: Documentation-only
The util.toUSVString() API is deprecated. Please use
String.prototype.toWellFormed instead.
fs.F_OK, fs.R_OK, fs.W_OK, fs.X_OKType: End-of-Life
F_OK, R_OK, W_OK and X_OK getters exposed directly on node:fs were
removed. Get them from fs.constants or fs.promises.constants instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/fs-access-mode-constants
util.types.isWebAssemblyCompiledModuleType: End-of-Life
The util.types.isWebAssemblyCompiledModule API has been removed.
Please use value instanceof WebAssembly.Module instead.
dirent.pathType: End-of-Life
The dirent.path property has been removed due to its lack of consistency across
release lines. Please use dirent.parentPath instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/dirent-path-to-parent-path
Hash constructorType: Runtime
Calling Hash class directly with Hash() or new Hash() is
deprecated due to being internals, not intended for public use.
Please use the crypto.createHash() method to create Hash instances.
fs.Stats constructorType: Runtime
Calling fs.Stats class directly with Stats() or new Stats() is
deprecated due to being internals, not intended for public use.
Hmac constructorType: Runtime
Calling Hmac class directly with Hmac() or new Hmac() is
deprecated due to being internals, not intended for public use.
Please use the crypto.createHmac() method to create Hmac instances.
authTagLengthType: Runtime
Applications that intend to use authentication tags that are shorter than the
default authentication tag length must set the authTagLength option of the
crypto.createDecipheriv() function to the appropriate length.
For ciphers in GCM mode, the decipher.setAuthTag() function accepts
authentication tags of any valid length (see DEP0090). This behavior
is deprecated to better align with recommendations per NIST SP 800-38D.
Type: Documentation-only
OpenSSL 3 has deprecated support for custom engines with a recommendation to
switch to its new provider model. The clientCertEngine option for
https.request(), tls.createSecureContext(), and tls.createServer();
the privateKeyEngine and privateKeyIdentifier for tls.createSecureContext();
and crypto.setEngine() all depend on this functionality from OpenSSL.
node:zlib classes without newType: Runtime
Instantiating classes without the new qualifier exported by the node:zlib module is deprecated.
It is recommended to use the new qualifier instead. This applies to all Zlib classes, such as Deflate,
DeflateRaw, Gunzip, Inflate, InflateRaw, Unzip, and Zlib.
node:repl classes without newType: End-of-Life
Instantiating classes without the new qualifier exported by the node:repl module is deprecated.
The new qualifier must be used instead. This applies to all REPL classes, including
REPLServer and Recoverable.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/repl-classes-with-new
fs.existsSyncType: Runtime
Passing non-supported argument types is deprecated and, instead of returning false,
will throw an error in a future version.
process.features.ipv6 and process.features.uvType: Documentation-only
These properties are unconditionally true. Any checks based on these properties are redundant.
process.features.tls_*Type: Documentation-only
process.features.tls_alpn, process.features.tls_ocsp, and process.features.tls_sni are
deprecated, as their values are guaranteed to be identical to that of process.features.tls.
args to node:child_process execFile/spawn with shell optionType: Runtime
When an args array is passed to child_process.execFile or child_process.spawn with the option
{ shell: true } or { shell: '/path/to/shell' }, the values are not escaped, only space-separated,
which can lead to shell injection.
repl.builtinModulesType: Documentation-only (supports --pending-deprecation)
The node:repl module exports a builtinModules property that contains an array
of built-in modules. This was incomplete and matched the already deprecated
repl._builtinLibs (DEP0142) instead it's better to rely
upon require('node:module').builtinModules.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/repl-builtin-modules
require('node:_tls_common') and require('node:_tls_wrap')Type: Runtime
The node:_tls_common and node:_tls_wrap modules are deprecated as they should be considered
an internal nodejs implementation rather than a public facing API, use node:tls instead.
require('node:_stream_*')Type: Runtime
The node:_stream_duplex, node:_stream_passthrough, node:_stream_readable, node:_stream_transform,
node:_stream_wrap and node:_stream_writable modules are deprecated as they should be considered
an internal nodejs implementation rather than a public facing API, use node:stream instead.
Type: End-of-Life
The support for priority signaling has been removed following its deprecation in the RFC 9113.
node:http classes without newType: Documentation-only
Instantiating classes without the new qualifier exported by the node:http module is deprecated.
It is recommended to use the new qualifier instead. This applies to all http classes, such as
OutgoingMessage, IncomingMessage, ServerResponse and ClientRequest.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/http-classes-with-new
node:child_process functions with options.shell as an empty stringType: Documentation-only
Calling the process-spawning functions with { shell: '' } is almost certainly
unintentional, and can cause aberrant behavior.
To make child_process.execFile or child_process.spawn invoke the
default shell, use { shell: true }. If the intention is not to invoke a shell
(default behavior), either omit the shell option, or set it to false or a
nullish value.
To make child_process.exec invoke the default shell, either omit the
shell option, or set it to a nullish value. If the intention is not to invoke
a shell, use child_process.execFile instead.
util.types.isNativeError()Type: Documentation-only
The util.types.isNativeError API is deprecated. Please use Error.isError instead.
An automated migration is available (source):
npx codemod@latest @nodejs/types-is-native-error
options.outputLengthType: Runtime
Creating SHAKE-128 and SHAKE-256 digests without an explicit options.outputLength is deprecated.
require('node:_http_*')Type: Documentation-only
The node:_http_agent, node:_http_client, node:_http_common, node:_http_incoming,
node:_http_outgoing and node:_http_server modules are deprecated as they should be considered
an internal nodejs implementation rather than a public facing API, use node:http instead.
Type: Documentation-only
Allowing a fs.Dir object to be closed on garbage collection is
deprecated. In the future, doing so might result in a thrown error that will
terminate the process.
Please ensure that all fs.Dir objects are explicitly closed using
Dir.prototype.close() or using keyword:
import { opendir } from 'node:fs/promises';
{
await using dir = await opendir('/async/disposable/directory');
} // Closed by dir[Symbol.asyncDispose]()
{
using dir = await opendir('/sync/disposable/directory');
} // Closed by dir[Symbol.dispose]()
{
const dir = await opendir('/unconditionally/iterated/directory');
for await (const entry of dir) {
// process an entry
} // Closed by iterator
}
{
let dir;
try {
dir = await opendir('/legacy/closeable/directory');
} finally {
await dir?.close();
}
}
options.type to Duplex.toWeb()Type: Documentation-only
Passing the type option to Duplex.toWeb() is deprecated. To specify the
type of the readable half of the constructed readable-writable pair, use the
readableType option instead.
Http1IncomingMessage and Http1ServerResponse options of HTTP/2 serversType: Documentation-only
The Http1IncomingMessage and Http1ServerResponse options of
http2.createServer() and http2.createSecureServer() are
deprecated. Use http1Options.IncomingMessage and
http1Options.ServerResponse instead.
// Deprecated
const server = http2.createSecureServer({
allowHTTP1: true,
Http1IncomingMessage: MyIncomingMessage,
Http1ServerResponse: MyServerResponse,
});
// Use this instead
const server = http2.createSecureServer({
allowHTTP1: true,
http1Options: {
IncomingMessage: MyIncomingMessage,
ServerResponse: MyServerResponse,
},
});
CryptoKey to node:crypto APIsType: Documentation-only
Passing a CryptoKey to node:crypto functions is deprecated and
will throw an error in a future version. This includes
crypto.createPublicKey(), crypto.createPrivateKey(),
crypto.sign(), crypto.verify(),
crypto.publicEncrypt(), crypto.publicDecrypt(),
crypto.privateEncrypt(), crypto.privateDecrypt(),
Sign.prototype.sign(), Verify.prototype.verify(),
crypto.createHmac(), crypto.createCipheriv(),
crypto.createDecipheriv(), crypto.encapsulate(), and
crypto.decapsulate().
KeyObject.from() with non-extractable CryptoKeyType: Documentation-only
Passing a non-extractable CryptoKey to KeyObject.from() is
deprecated and will throw an error in a future version.
module.register()Type: Documentation-only
module.register() is deprecated. Use module.registerHooks()
instead.
The module.register() API provides off-thread async hooks for customizing ES modules;
the module.registerHooks() API provides similar hooks that are synchronous, in-thread, and
work for all types of modules.
Supporting async hooks has proven to be complex, involving worker threads orchestration, and there are issues
that have proven unresolveable. See caveats of asynchronous customization hooks. Please migrate to
module.registerHooks() as soon as possible as module.register() will be
removed in a future version of Node.js.