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Adapters

docs/concepts/adapters.md

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Adapters

Adapters integrate data providers and trading venues into NautilusTrader. They can be found in the top-level adapters subpackage.

An adapter typically comprises these components:

mermaid
flowchart LR
    subgraph Venue ["Trading Venue"]
        API[REST API]
        WS[WebSocket]
    end

    subgraph Adapter ["Adapter"]
        HTTP[HttpClient]
        WSC[WebSocketClient]
        IP[InstrumentProvider]
        DC[DataClient]
        EC[ExecutionClient]
    end

    subgraph Core ["Nautilus Core"]
        DE[DataEngine]
        EE[ExecutionEngine]
    end

    API <--> HTTP
    WS <--> WSC
    HTTP --> IP
    HTTP --> DC
    HTTP --> EC
    WSC --> DC
    WSC --> EC
    DC <--> DE
    EC <--> EE
ComponentPurpose
HttpClientREST API communication.
WebSocketClientReal‑time streaming connection.
InstrumentProviderLoads and parses instrument definitions from the venue.
DataClientHandles market data subscriptions and requests.
ExecutionClientHandles order submission, modification, and cancellation.

Instrument providers

Instrument providers parse venue API responses into Nautilus Instrument objects.

An InstrumentProvider serves two use cases:

  • Standalone discovery of available instruments for research or backtesting
  • Runtime loading in a sandbox or live environment context for actors and strategies

Research and backtesting

Here is an example of discovering the current instruments for the Binance Futures testnet:

python
import asyncio
import os

from nautilus_trader.adapters.binance.common.enums import BinanceAccountType
from nautilus_trader.adapters.binance import get_cached_binance_http_client
from nautilus_trader.adapters.binance.futures.providers import BinanceFuturesInstrumentProvider
from nautilus_trader.common.component import LiveClock


async def main():
    clock = LiveClock()

    client = get_cached_binance_http_client(
        clock=clock,
        account_type=BinanceAccountType.USDT_FUTURES,
        api_key=os.getenv("BINANCE_FUTURES_TESTNET_API_KEY"),
        api_secret=os.getenv("BINANCE_FUTURES_TESTNET_API_SECRET"),
        is_testnet=True,
    )

    provider = BinanceFuturesInstrumentProvider(
        client=client,
        account_type=BinanceAccountType.USDT_FUTURES,
    )

    await provider.load_all_async()

    # Access loaded instruments
    instruments = provider.list_all()
    print(f"Loaded {len(instruments)} instruments")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

Live trading

Each integration handles this differently. An InstrumentProvider within a TradingNode generally offers two loading behaviors:

  • Load all instruments on start:
python
from nautilus_trader.config import InstrumentProviderConfig

InstrumentProviderConfig(load_all=True)
  • Load only the instruments specified in configuration:
python
InstrumentProviderConfig(load_ids=["BTCUSDT-PERP.BINANCE", "ETHUSDT-PERP.BINANCE"])

Data clients

Data clients handle market data subscriptions and requests for a venue. They connect to venue APIs and normalize incoming data into Nautilus types.

Requesting data

Actors and strategies can request data using built-in methods. Data returns via callbacks:

python
from nautilus_trader.model import Instrument, InstrumentId
from nautilus_trader.trading.strategy import Strategy


class MyStrategy(Strategy):
    def on_start(self) -> None:
        # Request an instrument definition
        self.request_instrument(InstrumentId.from_str("BTCUSDT-PERP.BINANCE"))

        # Request historical bars
        self.request_bars(BarType.from_str("BTCUSDT-PERP.BINANCE-1-HOUR-LAST-EXTERNAL"))

    def on_instrument(self, instrument: Instrument) -> None:
        self.log.info(f"Received instrument: {instrument.id}")

    def on_historical_data(self, data) -> None:
        self.log.info(f"Received historical data: {data}")

Subscribing to data

For real-time data, use subscription methods:

python
def on_start(self) -> None:
    # Subscribe to live trade updates
    self.subscribe_trade_ticks(InstrumentId.from_str("BTCUSDT-PERP.BINANCE"))

    # Subscribe to live bars
    self.subscribe_bars(BarType.from_str("BTCUSDT-PERP.BINANCE-1-MINUTE-LAST-EXTERNAL"))

def on_trade_tick(self, tick: TradeTick) -> None:
    self.log.info(f"Trade: {tick}")

def on_bar(self, bar: Bar) -> None:
    self.log.info(f"Bar: {bar}")

:::tip See the Actors documentation for a complete reference of available request and subscription methods with their corresponding callbacks. :::

Execution clients

Execution clients handle order management for a venue. They translate Nautilus order commands into venue-specific API calls and process execution reports back into Nautilus events.

Key responsibilities:

  • Submit, modify, and cancel orders.
  • Process fills and execution reports.
  • Reconcile order state with the venue.
  • Handle account and position updates.

The ExecutionEngine routes commands to the appropriate execution client based on the order's venue. See the Execution guide for details on order management from a strategy perspective.

:::tip For building a custom adapter, see the Adapter Developer Guide. :::

  • Live Trading - Configure and run live trading with adapters.
  • Execution - Order execution through adapters.
  • Data - Market data provided by adapters.