Operation Patterns Guide

Common node configuration patterns organized by node type and operation.

Overview

Purpose: Quick reference for common node configurations

Coverage: Top 20 most-used nodes from 525 available

Pattern format:

Minimal valid configuration
Common options
Real-world examples
Gotchas and tips

HTTP & API Nodes

HTTP Request (nodes-base.httpRequest)

Most versatile node for HTTP operations

GET Request

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "method": "GET",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "none"
}

With query parameters:

javascript

{
  "method": "GET",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendQuery": true,
  "queryParameters": {
    "parameters": [
      {
        "name": "limit",
        "value": "100"
      },
      {
        "name": "offset",
        "value": "={{$json.offset}}"
      }
    ]
  }
}

With authentication:

javascript

{
  "method": "GET",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
  "nodeCredentialType": "httpHeaderAuth"
}

POST with JSON

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendBody": true,
  "body": {
    "contentType": "json",
    "content": {
      "name": "John Doe",
      "email": "[email protected]"
    }
  }
}

With expressions:

javascript

{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendBody": true,
  "body": {
    "contentType": "json",
    "content": {
      "name": "={{$json.name}}",
      "email": "={{$json.email}}",
      "metadata": {
        "source": "n8n",
        "timestamp": "={{$now.toISO()}}"
      }
    }
  }
}

Gotcha: Remember sendBody: true for POST/PUT/PATCH!

PUT/PATCH Request

Pattern: Same as POST, but method changes

javascript

{
  "method": "PUT",  // or "PATCH"
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users/123",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendBody": true,
  "body": {
    "contentType": "json",
    "content": {
      "name": "Updated Name"
    }
  }
}

DELETE Request

Minimal (no body):

javascript

{
  "method": "DELETE",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users/123",
  "authentication": "none"
}

With body (some APIs allow):

javascript

{
  "method": "DELETE",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendBody": true,
  "body": {
    "contentType": "json",
    "content": {
      "ids": ["123", "456"]
    }
  }
}

Webhook (nodes-base.webhook)

Most common trigger - 813 searches!

Basic Webhook

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "path": "my-webhook",
  "httpMethod": "POST",
  "responseMode": "onReceived"
}

Gotcha: Webhook data is under $json.body, not $json!

javascript

// ❌ Wrong
{
  "text": "={{$json.email}}"
}

// ✅ Correct
{
  "text": "={{$json.body.email}}"
}

Webhook with Authentication

Header auth:

javascript

{
  "path": "secure-webhook",
  "httpMethod": "POST",
  "responseMode": "onReceived",
  "authentication": "headerAuth",
  "options": {
    "responseCode": 200,
    "responseData": "{\n  \"success\": true\n}"
  }
}

Webhook Returning Data

Custom response:

javascript

{
  "path": "my-webhook",
  "httpMethod": "POST",
  "responseMode": "lastNode",  // Return data from last node
  "options": {
    "responseCode": 201,
    "responseHeaders": {
      "entries": [
        {
          "name": "Content-Type",
          "value": "application/json"
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Communication Nodes

Slack (nodes-base.slack)

Popular choice for AI agent workflows

Post Message

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "post",
  "channel": "#general",
  "text": "Hello from n8n!"
}

With dynamic content:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "post",
  "channel": "={{$json.channel}}",
  "text": "New user: {{$json.name}} ({{$json.email}})"
}

With attachments:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "post",
  "channel": "#alerts",
  "text": "Error Alert",
  "attachments": [
    {
      "color": "#ff0000",
      "fields": [
        {
          "title": "Error Type",
          "value": "={{$json.errorType}}"
        },
        {
          "title": "Timestamp",
          "value": "={{$now.toLocaleString()}}"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Gotcha: Channel must start with # for public channels or be a channel ID!

Update Message

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "update",
  "messageId": "1234567890.123456",  // From previous message post
  "text": "Updated message content"
}

Note: messageId required, channel optional (can be inferred)

Create Channel

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "resource": "channel",
  "operation": "create",
  "name": "new-project-channel",  // Lowercase, no spaces
  "isPrivate": false
}

Gotcha: Channel name must be lowercase, no spaces, 1-80 chars!

Gmail (nodes-base.gmail)

Popular for email automation

Send Email

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "send",
  "to": "[email protected]",
  "subject": "Hello from n8n",
  "message": "This is the email body"
}

With dynamic content:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "send",
  "to": "={{$json.email}}",
  "subject": "Order Confirmation #{{$json.orderId}}",
  "message": "Dear {{$json.name}},\n\nYour order has been confirmed.\n\nThank you!",
  "options": {
    "ccList": "[email protected]",
    "replyTo": "[email protected]"
  }
}

Get Email

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "getAll",
  "returnAll": false,
  "limit": 10
}

With filters:

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "getAll",
  "returnAll": false,
  "limit": 50,
  "filters": {
    "q": "is:unread from:[email protected]",
    "labelIds": ["INBOX"]
  }
}

Database Nodes

Postgres (nodes-base.postgres)

Database operations - 456 templates

Execute Query

Minimal (SELECT):

javascript

{
  "operation": "executeQuery",
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE active = true LIMIT 100"
}

With parameters (SQL injection prevention):

javascript

{
  "operation": "executeQuery",
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1 AND active = $2",
  "additionalFields": {
    "mode": "list",
    "queryParameters": "[email protected],true"
  }
}

Gotcha: ALWAYS use parameterized queries for user input!

javascript

// ❌ BAD - SQL injection risk!
{
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '{{$json.email}}'"
}

// ✅ GOOD - Parameterized
{
  "query": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1",
  "additionalFields": {
    "mode": "list",
    "queryParameters": "={{$json.email}}"
  }
}

Insert

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "operation": "insert",
  "table": "users",
  "columns": "name,email,created_at",
  "additionalFields": {
    "mode": "list",
    "queryParameters": "John Doe,[email protected],NOW()"
  }
}

With expressions:

javascript

{
  "operation": "insert",
  "table": "users",
  "columns": "name,email,metadata",
  "additionalFields": {
    "mode": "list",
    "queryParameters": "={{$json.name}},={{$json.email}},{{JSON.stringify($json)}}"
  }
}

Update

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "operation": "update",
  "table": "users",
  "updateKey": "id",
  "columns": "name,email",
  "additionalFields": {
    "mode": "list",
    "queryParameters": "={{$json.id}},Updated Name,[email protected]"
  }
}

Storage Nodes

Data Table (nodes-base.dataTable)

Persistent, structured per-project key-value storage — an in-n8n alternative to external SQL for small state like buffers, de-dup sets, counters, or lookup caches. Do not confuse with the MCP tool n8n_manage_datatable — that tool manages tables from outside n8n (create/list/delete tables and rows from Claude). The nodes-base.dataTable node below is what you drop into a workflow to read/write rows during execution.

Verified end-to-end against live n8n on 2026-04-08 with a 15-node assertion harness exercising every claim below: insert returning rows with system id, like operator, returnAll, allConditions AND-of-multiple-filters, isTrue unary boolean condition, upsert with matchingColumns (no duplicates), defineBelow resourceMapper writing values, deleteRows (the reserved-word workaround) returning affected rows, and dataTableId resourceLocator in mode: "name". All 6 assertions passed.

Node shape:

type: n8n-nodes-base.dataTable
typeVersion: 1.1 (also 1)
resource: "row" or "table"
Row operation values — note the reserved-word workaround on delete:
- "insert" — Insert row
- "get" — Get row(s)
- "update" — Update row(s) matching conditions
- "upsert" — Update if match, else insert
- "deleteRows" — Delete row(s) matching conditions (not "delete" — delete is a JS reserved word, the node uses deleteRows)
- "rowExists" — Pass through input if at least one match
- "rowNotExists" — Pass through input if zero matches

Table selection — always a resourceLocator parameter named dataTableId:

javascript

"dataTableId": {
  "__rl": true,
  "mode": "list",      // or "name" or "id"
  "value": "dt_xyz123" // or the name when mode=name
}

Row mapping (insert/update/upsert) — resourceMapper parameter named columns:

javascript

"columns": {
  "mappingMode": "defineBelow",    // or "autoMapInputData"
  "value": {
    "user_email": "={{ $json.email }}",
    "score": "={{ $json.score }}",
    "active": true
  },
  "matchingColumns": [],           // filled for update/upsert match keys
  "schema": [],                    // n8n re-loads at runtime; safe to leave empty
  "attemptToConvertTypes": false,
  "convertFieldsToString": false
}

In autoMapInputData mode, incoming item field names must match column names exactly and value is ignored.

Filtering (get/update/upsert/deleteRows/rowExists/rowNotExists):

javascript

"matchType": "anyCondition",   // or "allConditions"
"filters": {
  "conditions": [
    { "keyName": "user_email", "condition": "eq",        "keyValue": "[email protected]" },
    { "keyName": "score",      "condition": "gte",       "keyValue": 10 },
    { "keyName": "archived",   "condition": "isNotEmpty"  }
  ]
}

Supported condition values: eq, neq, like, ilike, gt, gte, lt, lte, isEmpty, isNotEmpty, isTrue, isFalse. The last four are unary — omit keyValue.

Get options: returnAll: true bypasses the default 50-row limit. options can include ordering.

Insert option: options.optimizeBulk: true skips returning inserted rows for ~5x bulk throughput. Do not use when downstream nodes need the inserted row ids.

Mutating ops (update/upsert/deleteRows) accept options.dryRun: true — returns the rows that would be affected with before/after states, without writing.

Minimal Insert

javascript

{
  "resource": "row",
  "operation": "insert",
  "dataTableId": { "__rl": true, "mode": "name", "value": "email_buffer" },
  "columns": {
    "mappingMode": "defineBelow",
    "value": {
      "from_name": "={{ $json.from_name }}",
      "subject":   "={{ $json.subject }}"
    },
    "matchingColumns": [],
    "schema": []
  },
  "options": {}
}

Get All Rows

Get requires at least one condition — a bare "return everything" isn't allowed. Trick: filter on the always-populated system id column with isNotEmpty.

javascript

{
  "resource": "row",
  "operation": "get",
  "dataTableId": { "__rl": true, "mode": "name", "value": "email_buffer" },
  "matchType": "anyCondition",
  "filters": {
    "conditions": [ { "keyName": "id", "condition": "isNotEmpty" } ]
  },
  "returnAll": true,
  "options": {}
}

Delete All Rows

Same id isNotEmpty trick — a delete without conditions throws At least one condition is required.

javascript

{
  "resource": "row",
  "operation": "deleteRows",
  "dataTableId": { "__rl": true, "mode": "name", "value": "email_buffer" },
  "matchType": "anyCondition",
  "filters": {
    "conditions": [ { "keyName": "id", "condition": "isNotEmpty" } ]
  },
  "options": {}
}

Upsert by Natural Key

javascript

{
  "resource": "row",
  "operation": "upsert",
  "dataTableId": { "__rl": true, "mode": "name", "value": "user_scores" },
  "matchType": "allConditions",
  "filters": {
    "conditions": [ { "keyName": "user_email", "condition": "eq", "keyValue": "={{ $json.email }}" } ]
  },
  "columns": {
    "mappingMode": "defineBelow",
    "value": {
      "user_email": "={{ $json.email }}",
      "score":      "={{ $json.score }}"
    },
    "matchingColumns": ["user_email"],
    "schema": []
  },
  "options": {}
}

System columns: every table auto-has id plus created/updated timestamps — you don't declare these and can't write to them. They're usable in filters.

When to reach for Data Table vs alternatives:

Need	Use
Small per-workflow scratch state, single workflow, not durable across workflow edits	`$getWorkflowStaticData('global')` inside a Code node
Persistent structured state, queryable by column, survives workflow rename/edit/deactivation, shared across multiple workflows in the same project	Data Table node
Large datasets (>>10k rows), complex joins, transactions, FKs, indexes	External Postgres/MySQL
Unstructured key-value cache with TTL	Redis

Gotchas:

Scope is per project — Data Tables are not shared across n8n projects. Move a workflow to another project and its Data Table references break.
Filter operator eq on a column that doesn't exist in the table returns a validation error at execution, not at import — always verify column names match the live table.
Expression values in columns.value are evaluated per input item. If the upstream node emits N items, Insert runs N times unless you explicitly use optimizeBulk.
deleteRows is the operation value, not delete. Using delete will import but fail at execution with "unknown operation".
Race condition in buffer/flush patterns: rows added between Get and deleteRows will be wiped without being read. For at-least-once semantics, delete by specific row ids returned from Get instead of by a broad filter.
Zero-match halts the chain. When get, deleteRows, update, or upsert matches 0 rows, the node emits 0 output items and n8n stops the downstream branch silently — no error, just nothing happens. This bites cleanup steps in idempotent test/setup workflows where the table starts empty. Fix: set node-level "alwaysOutputData": true (sibling of parameters/type, NOT inside parameters) on any DT node that may legitimately match nothing. The node will then emit a single empty item and the chain continues.
DT operations execute once per input item. A Get node fed 3 input items will run 3 separate queries and concatenate the results — usually not what you want. Insert a "collapse" Code node (return [{ json: {} }];) between any multi-item-emitting node and a downstream DT op that should run exactly once.
DT nodes do not natively offer a "run once for all items" mode like the Code node — the collapse-node pattern is currently the only clean workaround.

Data Transformation Nodes

Set (nodes-base.set)

Most used transformation - 68% of workflows!

Set Fixed Values

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "mode": "manual",
  "duplicateItem": false,
  "assignments": {
    "assignments": [
      {
        "name": "status",
        "value": "active",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "count",
        "value": 100,
        "type": "number"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Set from Input Data

Mapping data:

javascript

{
  "mode": "manual",
  "duplicateItem": false,
  "assignments": {
    "assignments": [
      {
        "name": "fullName",
        "value": "={{$json.firstName}} {{$json.lastName}}",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "email",
        "value": "={{$json.email.toLowerCase()}}",
        "type": "string"
      },
      {
        "name": "timestamp",
        "value": "={{$now.toISO()}}",
        "type": "string"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Gotcha: Use correct type for each field!

javascript

// ❌ Wrong type
{
  "name": "age",
  "value": "25",      // String
  "type": "string"    // Will be string "25"
}

// ✅ Correct type
{
  "name": "age",
  "value": 25,        // Number
  "type": "number"    // Will be number 25
}

Code (nodes-base.code)

JavaScript execution - 42% of workflows

Simple Transformation

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "mode": "runOnceForAllItems",
  "jsCode": "return $input.all().map(item => ({\n  json: {\n    name: item.json.name.toUpperCase(),\n    email: item.json.email\n  }\n}));"
}

Per-item processing:

javascript

{
  "mode": "runOnceForEachItem",
  "jsCode": "// Process each item\nconst data = $input.item.json;\n\nreturn {\n  json: {\n    fullName: `${data.firstName} ${data.lastName}`,\n    email: data.email.toLowerCase(),\n    timestamp: new Date().toISOString()\n  }\n};"
}

Gotcha: In Code nodes, use $input.item.json or $input.all(), NOT {{...}}!

javascript

// ❌ Wrong - expressions don't work in Code nodes
{
  "jsCode": "const name = '={{$json.name}}';"
}

// ✅ Correct - direct access
{
  "jsCode": "const name = $input.item.json.name;"
}

Conditional Nodes

IF (nodes-base.if)

Conditional logic - 38% of workflows

String Comparison

Equals (binary):

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "string": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.status}}",
        "operation": "equals",
        "value2": "active"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Contains (binary):

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "string": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.email}}",
        "operation": "contains",
        "value2": "@example.com"
      }
    ]
  }
}

isEmpty (unary):

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "string": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.email}}",
        "operation": "isEmpty"
        // No value2 - unary operator
        // singleValue: true added by auto-sanitization
      }
    ]
  }
}

Gotcha: Unary operators (isEmpty, isNotEmpty) don't need value2!

Number Comparison

Greater than:

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "number": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.age}}",
        "operation": "larger",
        "value2": 18
      }
    ]
  }
}

Boolean Comparison

Is true:

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "boolean": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.isActive}}",
        "operation": "true"
        // Unary - no value2
      }
    ]
  }
}

Multiple Conditions (AND)

All must match:

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "string": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.status}}",
        "operation": "equals",
        "value2": "active"
      }
    ],
    "number": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.age}}",
        "operation": "larger",
        "value2": 18
      }
    ]
  },
  "combineOperation": "all"  // AND logic
}

Multiple Conditions (OR)

Any can match:

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "string": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.status}}",
        "operation": "equals",
        "value2": "active"
      },
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.status}}",
        "operation": "equals",
        "value2": "pending"
      }
    ]
  },
  "combineOperation": "any"  // OR logic
}

Switch (nodes-base.switch)

Multi-way routing - 18% of workflows

Basic Switch

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "mode": "rules",
  "rules": {
    "rules": [
      {
        "conditions": {
          "string": [
            {
              "value1": "={{$json.status}}",
              "operation": "equals",
              "value2": "active"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "conditions": {
          "string": [
            {
              "value1": "={{$json.status}}",
              "operation": "equals",
              "value2": "pending"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "fallbackOutput": "extra"  // Catch-all for non-matching
}

Gotcha: Number of rules must match number of outputs!

AI Nodes

OpenAI (nodes-langchain.openAi)

AI operations - 234 templates

Chat Completion

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "resource": "chat",
  "operation": "complete",
  "messages": {
    "values": [
      {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "={{$json.prompt}}"
      }
    ]
  }
}

With system prompt:

javascript

{
  "resource": "chat",
  "operation": "complete",
  "messages": {
    "values": [
      {
        "role": "system",
        "content": "You are a helpful assistant specialized in customer support."
      },
      {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "={{$json.userMessage}}"
      }
    ]
  },
  "options": {
    "temperature": 0.7,
    "maxTokens": 500
  }
}

Schedule Nodes

Schedule Trigger (nodes-base.scheduleTrigger)

Time-based workflows - 28% have schedule triggers

Daily at Specific Time

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "rule": {
    "interval": [
      {
        "field": "hours",
        "hoursInterval": 24
      }
    ],
    "hour": 9,
    "minute": 0,
    "timezone": "America/New_York"
  }
}

Gotcha: Always set timezone explicitly!

javascript

// ❌ Bad - uses server timezone
{
  "rule": {
    "interval": [...]
  }
}

// ✅ Good - explicit timezone
{
  "rule": {
    "interval": [...],
    "timezone": "America/New_York"
  }
}

Every N Minutes

Minimal:

javascript

{
  "rule": {
    "interval": [
      {
        "field": "minutes",
        "minutesInterval": 15
      }
    ]
  }
}

Cron Expression

Advanced scheduling:

javascript

{
  "mode": "cron",
  "cronExpression": "0 */2 * * *",  // Every 2 hours
  "timezone": "America/New_York"
}

Summary

Key Patterns by Category:

Category	Most Common	Key Gotcha
HTTP/API	GET, POST JSON	Remember sendBody: true
Webhooks	POST receiver	Data under $json.body
Communication	Slack post	Channel format (#name)
Database	SELECT with params	Use parameterized queries
Transform	Set assignments	Correct type per field
Conditional	IF string equals	Unary vs binary operators
AI	OpenAI chat	System + user messages
Schedule	Daily at time	Set timezone explicitly

Configuration Approach:

Use patterns as starting point
Adapt to your use case
Validate configuration
Iterate based on errors
Deploy when valid

Related Files:

SKILL.md - Configuration workflow and philosophy
DEPENDENCIES.md - Property dependency rules

Worked Example: Configuring HTTP Request Step by Step

A full validate-driven walkthrough of building a POST JSON request from minimal config, letting validation surface each required field.

Step 1: Identify what you need

javascript

// Goal: POST JSON to API

Step 2: Get node info

javascript

const info = get_node({
  nodeType: "nodes-base.httpRequest"
});

// Returns: method, url, sendBody, body, authentication required/optional

Step 3: Minimal config

javascript

{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/create",
  "authentication": "none"
}

Step 4: Validate

javascript

validate_node({
  nodeType: "nodes-base.httpRequest",
  config,
  profile: "runtime"
});
// → Error: "sendBody required for POST"

Step 5: Add required field

javascript

{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/create",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendBody": true
}

Step 6: Validate again

javascript

validate_node({...});
// → Error: "body required when sendBody=true"

Step 7: Complete configuration

javascript

{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/create",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendBody": true,
  "body": {
    "contentType": "json",
    "content": {
      "name": "={{$json.name}}",
      "email": "={{$json.email}}"
    }
  }
}

Step 8: Final validation

javascript

validate_node({...});
// → Valid! ✅

Operation-Specific Configuration Examples

Concrete minimal configs showing how required fields differ by resource + operation.

Slack Node Examples

Post Message

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "post",
  "channel": "#general",      // Required
  "text": "Hello!",           // Required
  "attachments": [],          // Optional
  "blocks": []                // Optional
}

Update Message

javascript

{
  "resource": "message",
  "operation": "update",
  "messageId": "1234567890",  // Required (different from post!)
  "text": "Updated!",         // Required
  "channel": "#general"       // Optional (can be inferred)
}

Create Channel

javascript

{
  "resource": "channel",
  "operation": "create",
  "name": "new-channel",      // Required
  "isPrivate": false          // Optional
  // Note: text NOT required for this operation
}

HTTP Request Node Examples

GET Request

javascript

{
  "method": "GET",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "predefinedCredentialType",
  "nodeCredentialType": "httpHeaderAuth",
  "sendQuery": true,                    // Optional
  "queryParameters": {                  // Shows when sendQuery=true
    "parameters": [
      {
        "name": "limit",
        "value": "100"
      }
    ]
  }
}

POST with JSON

javascript

{
  "method": "POST",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/users",
  "authentication": "none",
  "sendBody": true,                     // Required for POST
  "body": {                             // Required when sendBody=true
    "contentType": "json",
    "content": {
      "name": "John Doe",
      "email": "[email protected]"
    }
  }
}

IF Node Examples

String Comparison (Binary)

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "string": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.status}}",
        "operation": "equals",
        "value2": "active"              // Binary: needs value2
      }
    ]
  }
}

Empty Check (Unary)

javascript

{
  "conditions": {
    "string": [
      {
        "value1": "={{$json.email}}",
        "operation": "isEmpty",
        // No value2 - unary operator
        "singleValue": true             // Auto-added by sanitization
      }
    ]
  }
}