from mxnet import np, npx
npx.set_np()  # Change MXNet to the numpy-like mode.

np.array([1, 2, 3])  # default datatype is float32

np.array([(1.5, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)], dtype='float16')

np.array([[(15,2,3), (4,5,6)], [(3,2,1), (4,5,6)]], dtype='int32')

np.zeros((3, 4))  # Create an array of zeros

np.ones((2, 3, 4), dtype='int8')  # Create an array of ones

np.arange(10, 25, 5)  # Create an array of evenly spaced values (step value)

# Create an array of evenly spaced values (number of samples)
# np.linspace(0, 2, 9)

# np.full((2, 2), 7)  # Create a constant array

# np.eye(2)  # Create a 2X2 identity matrix

# np.random.random((2, 2))  # Create an array with random values

np.empty((3,2))  # Create an empty array

# Save one array
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
npx.save('my_array', a)
npx.load('my_array')

# Save a list of arrays
b = np.array([4, 6, 8])
npx.savez('my_arrays', *[a, b])
npx.load('my_arrays')

# np.loadtxt("myfile.txt")
# np.genfromtxt("my_file.csv", delimiter=',')
# np.savetxt("myarray.txt", a, delimiter=" ")

# np.int64    # Signed 64-bit integer types
# np.float32  # Standard double-precision floating point
# np.complex  # Complex numbers represented by 128 floats
# np.bool     # Boolean type storing TRUE and FALSE values
# np.object   # Python object type
# np.string_  # Fixed-length string type
# np.unicode_ # Fixed-length unicode type

a.shape # Array dimensions

len(a) # Length of array

b.ndim # Number of array dimensions

b.size # Number of array elements

b.dtype # Data type of array elements

# b.dtype.name # Name of data type

b.astype('int') # Convert an array to a different type

# np.info(np.ndarray.dtype)

a - b # Subtraction

np.subtract(a, b) # Subtraction

b + a # Addition

np.add(b, a) # Addition

a / b # Division

np.divide(a,b) # Division

a * b # Multiplication

np.multiply(a, b) # Multiplication

np.exp(b) # Exponentiation

np.sqrt(b) # Square root

np.sin(a) # Sines of an array

np.cos(b) # Element-wise cosine

np.log(a) # Element-wise natural logarithm

a.dot(b) # Dot product

a.sum() # Array-wise sum

# a.min() # Array-wise minimum value

c = np.array(([[1,2,3], [2,3,4]]))
# c.max(axis=0) # Maximum value of an array row

# c.cumsum(axis=1) # Cumulative sum of the elements

a.mean() # Mean

# b.median() # Median

# a.corrcoef() # Correlation coefficient

# np.std(b) # Standard deviation

# a.view() # Create a view of the array with the same data

np.copy(a) # Create a copy of the array

a.copy() # Create a deep copy of the array

# a.sort() # Sort an array

# c.sort(axis=0) # Sort the elements of an array's axis

a[2] # Select the element at the 2nd index 3

c[0,1] # Select the element at row 1 column 2

a[0:2] # Select items at index 0 and 1

c[0:2,1] # Select items at rows 0 and 1 in column 1

c[:1] # Select all items at row 0

# c[1,...] # Same as [1,:,:]

a[ : :-1] #Reversed array a array([3, 2, 1])

# a[a<2] # Select elements from a less than 2

c[[1,0,1,0], [0,1,2,0]] # Select elements (1,0),(0,1),(1,2) and (0,0)

c[[1,0,1,0]][:,[0,1,2,0]] # Select a subset of the matrix’s rows

np.transpose(c) # Permute array dimensions

c.T # Permute array dimensions

# b.ravel() # Flatten the array

# c.reshape(3,-2) # Reshape, but don’t change data

# c.resize((6,2)) # Return a new array with shape (6, 2)

# np.append(h,g) # Append items to an array

# np.insert(a, 1, 5) # Insert items in an array

# np.delete(a, [1]) # Delete items from an array

np.concatenate((a,b),axis=0) # Concatenate arrays

# np.vstack((a,b)) # Stack arrays vertically (row-wise)

# np.r_[e,f] # Stack arrays vertically (row-wise)

# np.hstack((e,f)) # Stack arrays horizontally (column-wise)

# np.column_stack((a,d)) # Create stacked column-wise arrays

# np.c_[a,d] # Create stacked column-wise arrays

# np.hsplit(a,3) # Split the array horizontally at the 3rd index

# np.vsplit(c,2) # Split the array vertically at the 2nd index

npx.num_gpus()  # Query number of GPUs

npx.gpu(0), npx.gpu(1)  # Context for the first and second GPUs

gpu_0 = npx.gpu(0) if npx.num_gpus() > 1 else npx.cpu()
g0 = np.zeros((2,3), device=gpu_0)  # Create array on GPU 0
g0

gpu_1 = npx.gpu(1) if npx.num_gpus() > 2 else npx.cpu()
g1 = np.random.uniform(size=(2,3), device=gpu_1)  # Create array on GPU 1
g1

# Copy to another GPU
g1.copyto(gpu_0)

# Return itself if matching the device, otherwise copy
g1.copyto(gpu_0), g1.copyto(gpu_0)

g1.device  # Query the device an array is on

## The computation is performed by the devices on which the input arrays are
g0 + g1.copyto(gpu_0)

a.attach_grad() # Allocate gradient for a variable
a.grad # access the gradient

from mxnet import autograd

with autograd.record():
    b = np.exp(2*a).dot(a)
b.backward()
a.grad