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How to monitor MinIO server with Prometheus?

docs/metrics/prometheus/README.md

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How to monitor MinIO server with Prometheus?

Prometheus is a cloud-native monitoring platform. Prometheus offers a multi-dimensional data model with time series data identified by metric name and key/value pairs. The data collection happens via a pull model over HTTP/HTTPS. Users looking to monitor their MinIO instances can point Prometheus configuration to scrape data from following endpoints.

  • MinIO exports Prometheus compatible data by default as an authorized endpoint at /minio/v2/metrics/cluster.
  • MinIO exports Prometheus compatible data by default which is bucket centric as an authorized endpoint at /minio/v2/metrics/bucket.

This document explains how to setup Prometheus and configure it to scrape data from MinIO servers.

Prerequisites

To get started with MinIO, refer MinIO QuickStart Document. Follow below steps to get started with MinIO monitoring using Prometheus.

1. Download Prometheus

Download the latest release of Prometheus for your platform, then extract it

sh
tar xvfz prometheus-*.tar.gz
cd prometheus-*

Prometheus server is a single binary called prometheus (or prometheus.exe on Microsoft Windows). Run the binary and pass --help flag to see available options

sh
./prometheus --help
usage: prometheus [<flags>]

The Prometheus monitoring server

. . .

Refer Prometheus documentation for more details.

2. Configure authentication type for Prometheus metrics

MinIO supports two authentication modes for Prometheus either jwt or public, by default MinIO runs in jwt mode. To allow public access without authentication for prometheus metrics set environment as follows.

export MINIO_PROMETHEUS_AUTH_TYPE="public"
minio server ~/test

3. Configuring Prometheus

3.1 Authenticated Prometheus config

If MinIO is configured to expose metrics without authentication, you don't need to use mc to generate prometheus config. You can skip reading further and move to 3.2 section.

The Prometheus endpoint in MinIO requires authentication by default. Prometheus supports a bearer token approach to authenticate prometheus scrape requests, override the default Prometheus config with the one generated using mc. To generate a Prometheus config for an alias, use mc as follows mc admin prometheus generate <alias> [METRIC-TYPE]. The valid values for METRIC-TYPE are cluster, node, bucket and resource and if not mentioned, it defaults to cluster.

The command will generate the scrape_configs section of the prometheus.yml as follows:

Cluster
yaml
scrape_configs:
- job_name: minio-job
  bearer_token: <secret>
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/cluster
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9000']
Bucket centric
yaml
- job_name: minio-job-bucket
  bearer_token: <secret>
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/bucket
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9000']
Node centric (optional)
yaml
- job_name: minio-job-node
  bearer_token: <secret>
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/node
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9000']
Resource centric (optional)
yaml
- job_name: minio-job-resource
  bearer_token: <secret>
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/resource
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9000']

3.2 Public Prometheus config

If Prometheus endpoint authentication type is set to public. Following prometheus config is sufficient to start scraping metrics data from MinIO. This can be collected from any server once per collection.

Cluster
yaml
scrape_configs:
- job_name: minio-job
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/cluster
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9000']

Bucket centric

yaml
scrape_configs:
- job_name: minio-job-bucket
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/bucket
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9000']
Node (optional)

Optionally you can also collect per node metrics. This needs to be done on a per server instance. The scrape configurations should use all the servers under targets so that graphing systems like grafana can visualize them for all the nodes

yaml
scrape_configs:
- job_name: minio-job
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/node
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['server1:9000','server2:9000','server3:9000','server4:9000']
Resource (optional)

Optionally you can also collect resource metrics.

yaml
scrape_configs:
- job_name: minio-job
  metrics_path: /minio/v2/metrics/resource
  scheme: http
  static_configs:
  - targets: ['localhost:9000']

4. Update scrape_configs section in prometheus.yml

To authorize every scrape request, copy and paste the generated scrape_configs section in the prometheus.yml and restart the Prometheus service.

5. Start Prometheus

Start (or) Restart Prometheus service by running

sh
./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml

Here prometheus.yml is the name of configuration file. You can now see MinIO metrics in Prometheus dashboard. By default Prometheus dashboard is accessible at http://localhost:9090.

Prometheus sets the Host header to domain:port as part of HTTP operations against the MinIO metrics endpoint. For MinIO deployments behind a load balancer, reverse proxy, or other control plane (HAProxy, nginx, pfsense, opnsense, etc.), ensure the network service supports routing these requests to the deployment.

6. Configure Grafana

After Prometheus is configured, you can use Grafana to visualize MinIO metrics. Refer the document here to setup Grafana with MinIO prometheus metrics.

List of metrics exposed by MinIO

  • MinIO exports Prometheus compatible data by default as an authorized endpoint at /minio/v2/metrics/cluster.
  • MinIO exports Prometheus compatible data by default which is bucket centric as an authorized endpoint at /minio/v2/metrics/bucket.
  • MinIO exports Prometheus compatible data by default which is node centric as an authorized endpoint at /minio/v2/metrics/node.
  • MinIO exports Prometheus compatible data by default which is resource centric as an authorized endpoint at /minio/v2/metrics/resource.

All of these can be accessed via Prometheus dashboard. A sample list of exposed metrics along with their definition is available on our public demo server at

sh
curl https://play.min.io/minio/v2/metrics/cluster

List of metrics reported Cluster and Bucket level

The list of metrics reported can be here

Configure Alerts for Prometheus

The Prometheus AlertManager and alerts can be configured following this