Upstream Servers

MCPProxy can connect to multiple MCP servers simultaneously, providing unified access through a single endpoint.

Server Types

MCPProxy supports three types of upstream connections:

stdio Servers

Local servers that communicate via standard input/output:

{
  "name": "filesystem",
  "command": "npx",
  "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-filesystem", "/home/user/projects"],
  "protocol": "stdio",
  "enabled": true
}

HTTP Servers

Remote servers accessible via HTTP/HTTPS:

{
  "name": "remote-server",
  "url": "https://api.example.com/mcp",
  "protocol": "http",
  "enabled": true
}

OAuth Servers

Servers requiring OAuth 2.1 authentication:

{
  "name": "github-server",
  "url": "https://api.github.com/mcp",
  "protocol": "http",
  "oauth": {
    "client_id": "your-client-id",
    "scopes": ["repo", "user"]
  },
  "enabled": true
}

Configuration Options

See Tool Discovery & Health Check Intervals for the global defaults, accepted ranges, and trade-offs.

Headers, Environment Variables, and Secrets

Both HTTP headers and stdio env are first-class config fields you can inspect and edit from the Web UI, the macOS tray, the CLI, and the REST API. The wire format and semantics are identical across surfaces.

How the API displays them

The REST API (GET /api/v1/servers), the SSE servers.changed event, and the MCP upstream_servers list tool all redact sensitive header values by default. The mask format is:

••••<last2> (<N> chars)

…e.g. a 71-character Bearer token whose last two characters are 59 appears on the wire as ••••59 (71 chars). The mask preserves enough context to identify which token is in use without leaking the secret.

Values that are already secret references — ${keyring:NAME} or ${env:VAR} — pass through unchanged: they're labels, not secrets.

This redaction was added in PR #425 to close a real exfiltration path — a prompt-injected agent calling upstream_servers list would otherwise get back another upstream's Bearer token in plaintext.

To disable redaction (for debugging only), set reveal_secret_headers: true in mcp_config.json. It's not normally needed: the editing flow described below works without ever exposing the plaintext to the client.

How you edit them

Web UI / macOS tray

The Server Detail page → Configuration tab has dedicated Headers and Environment Variables cards with per-row affordances:

• Add — + Add header / + Add variable button at the top.
• Edit — pencil icon turns the value cell into an input. Save / Cancel.
• Delete — trash icon. Confirms first.
• Convert to secret — lock icon. Opens a modal asking for a name, then atomically moves the value into the OS keyring and replaces the config field with ${keyring:NAME}.

The Convert flow works even on masked headers: the backend has the real value in mcp_config.json and never needs the client to send it.

${keyring:…} references render as a labeled chip instead of a masked literal, so converted headers are visually distinct.

CLI

# Upsert one or more headers
mcpproxy upstream patch synapbus --header "X-Trace: on"

# Rotate Authorization in place
mcpproxy upstream patch synapbus --header "Authorization: Bearer new-token"

# Delete one
mcpproxy upstream patch synapbus --header-remove "X-Stale"

# Mix set + delete in a single round-trip
mcpproxy upstream patch synapbus --header "X-New: v" --header-remove "X-Old"

# Env vars (stdio servers)
mcpproxy upstream patch obsidian-pilot --env "LOG_LEVEL=debug"
mcpproxy upstream patch obsidian-pilot --env-remove "OBSOLETE"

See Management Commands for the full flag reference.

REST API

PATCH /api/v1/servers/{name} follows JSON Merge Patch (RFC 7396):

curl -X PATCH -H "X-API-Key: $KEY" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"headers":{"X-New":"value","X-Stale":null}}' \
  http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v1/servers/synapbus

• non-null string value → upsert
• JSON null value → delete
• key absent from body → preserve (this is how the UI sends a diff against the masked view without overwriting unchanged values)

See REST API › PATCH for the full reference, including the /config-to-secret endpoint that backs the "Convert to secret" affordance.

Secret references

headers and env values support two reference shapes that get resolved at request time rather than stored in plaintext:

When mcpproxy connects to an upstream it substitutes the reference with the actual secret. The reference itself never reaches the upstream MCP server. See Keyring Integration for the full secret-storage story.

Docker Isolation

For enhanced security, stdio servers can run in Docker containers:

{
  "name": "isolated-server",
  "command": "npx",
  "args": ["-y", "some-mcp-server"],
  "protocol": "stdio",
  "isolation": {
    "enabled": true,
    "image": "node:20",
    "network_mode": "bridge"
  }
}

Note: Memory and CPU limits are configured at the global level in docker_isolation, not per-server.

See Docker Isolation for complete documentation.

Process Lifecycle

Startup

When MCPProxy starts, it:

1. Loads server configurations from mcp_config.json
2. Creates MCP clients for each enabled, non-quarantined server
3. Connects to servers in the background (async)
4. Indexes tools once connections are established

Shutdown

When MCPProxy stops, it performs graceful shutdown of all subprocesses:

1. Graceful Close (10s): Close MCP connection, wait for process to exit
2. Force Kill (9s): If still running, SIGTERM → poll → SIGKILL

Process groups: Child processes (spawned by npm/npx/uvx) are placed in a process group, ensuring all related processes are terminated together.

See Shutdown Behavior for detailed documentation.

Quarantine System

New servers added via AI clients are automatically quarantined for security review. See Security Quarantine for details.