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What's new in Matplotlib 2.0 (Jan 17, 2017)

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.. _whats-new-2-0-0:

What's new in Matplotlib 2.0 (Jan 17, 2017)

.. note::

Matplotlib 2.0 supports Python 2.7, and 3.4+

Default style changes

The major changes in v2.0 are related to overhauling the default styles.

.. toctree:: :maxdepth: 2

dflt_style_changes

Improved color conversion API and RGBA support

The :mod:~matplotlib.colors gained a new color conversion API with full support for the alpha channel. The main public functions are :func:~matplotlib.colors.is_color_like, :func:matplotlib.colors.to_rgba, :func:matplotlib.colors.to_rgba_array and :func:~matplotlib.colors.to_hex. RGBA quadruplets are encoded in hex format as "#rrggbbaa".

A side benefit is that the Qt options editor now allows setting the alpha channel of the artists as well.

New Configuration (rcParams)

New rcparams added

+-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ | Parameter | Description | +=====================================+==================================================+ |:rc:date.autoformatter.year | format string for 'year' scale dates | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:date.autoformatter.month | format string for 'month' scale dates | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:date.autoformatter.day | format string for 'day' scale dates | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:date.autoformatter.hour | format string for 'hour' scale times | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:date.autoformatter.minute | format string for 'minute' scale times | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:date.autoformatter.second | format string for 'second' scale times | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:date.autoformatter.microsecond | format string for 'microsecond' scale times | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:scatter.marker | default marker for scatter plot | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:svg.hashsalt | see note | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:xtick.top, | Control where major and minor ticks are drawn. | |:rc:xtick.major.top | The global values are and\ed with the | |:rc:xtick.minor.top, | corresponding major/minor values. | |:rc:xtick.bottom, | corresponding major/minor values. | |:rc:xtick.major.bottom | | |:rc:xtick.minor.bottom, | | |:rc:ytick.left, | | |:rc:ytick.minor.left, | | |:rc:ytick.major.left | | |:rc:ytick.right, | | |:rc:ytick.minor.right, | | |:rc:ytick.major.right | | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:hist.bins | The default number of bins to use in | | | ~matplotlib.axes.Axes.hist. This can be an | | | int, a list of floats, or 'auto' if numpy | | | >= 1.11 is installed. | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:lines.scale_dashes | Whether the line dash patterns should scale with | | | linewidth. | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+ |:rc:axes.formatter.offset_threshold| Minimum number of digits saved in tick labels | | | that triggers using an offset. | +-------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+

Added svg.hashsalt key to rcParams


If ``svg.hashsalt`` is ``None`` (which it is by default), the svg
backend uses ``uuid4`` to generate the hash salt.  If it is not
``None``, it must be a string that is used as the hash salt instead of
``uuid4``.  This allows for deterministic SVG output.


Removed the ``svg.image_noscale`` rcParam

As a result of the extensive changes to image handling, the svg.image_noscale rcParam has been removed. The same functionality may be achieved by setting interpolation='none' on individual images or globally using the image.interpolation rcParam.

Qualitative colormaps

ColorBrewer's "qualitative" colormaps ("Accent", "Dark2", "Paired", "Pastel1", "Pastel2", "Set1", "Set2", "Set3") were intended for discrete categorical data, with no implication of value, and therefore have been converted to ListedColormap instead of LinearSegmentedColormap, so the colors will no longer be interpolated and they can be used for choropleths, labeled image features, etc.

Axis offset label now responds to labelcolor

Axis offset labels are now colored the same as axis tick markers when labelcolor is altered.

Improved offset text choice

The default offset-text choice was changed to only use significant digits that are common to all ticks (e.g. 1231..1239 -> 1230, instead of 1231), except when they straddle a relatively large multiple of a power of ten, in which case that multiple is chosen (e.g. 1999..2001->2000).

Style parameter blacklist

In order to prevent unexpected consequences from using a style, style files are no longer able to set parameters that affect things unrelated to style. These parameters include::

'interactive', 'backend', 'backend.qt4', 'webagg.port', 'webagg.port_retries', 'webagg.open_in_browser', 'backend_fallback', 'toolbar', 'timezone', 'datapath', 'figure.max_open_warning', 'savefig.directory', 'tk.window_focus', 'docstring.hardcopy'

Change in default font

The default font used by matplotlib in text has been changed to DejaVu Sans and DejaVu Serif for the sans-serif and serif families, respectively. The DejaVu font family is based on the previous matplotlib default --Bitstream Vera-- but includes a much wider range of characters.

The default mathtext font has been changed from Computer Modern to the DejaVu family to maintain consistency with regular text. Two new options for the mathtext.fontset configuration parameter have been added: dejavusans (default) and dejavuserif. Both of these options use DejaVu glyphs whenever possible and fall back to STIX symbols when a glyph is not found in DejaVu. To return to the previous behavior, set the rcParam mathtext.fontset to cm.

Faster text rendering

Rendering text in the Agg backend is now less fuzzy and about 20% faster to draw.

Improvements for the Qt figure options editor

Various usability improvements were implemented for the Qt figure options editor, among which:

  • Line style entries are now sorted without duplicates.
  • The colormap and normalization limits can now be set for images.
  • Line edits for floating values now display only as many digits as necessary to avoid precision loss. An important bug was also fixed regarding input validation using Qt5 and a locale where the decimal separator is ",".
  • The axes selector now uses shorter, more user-friendly names for axes, and does not crash if there are no axes.
  • Line and image entries using the default labels ("_lineX", "_imageX") are now sorted numerically even when there are more than 10 entries.

Improved image support

Prior to version 2.0, matplotlib resampled images by first applying the colormap and then resizing the result. Since the resampling was performed on the colored image, this introduced colors in the output image that didn't actually exist in the colormap. Now, images are resampled first (and entirely in floating-point, if the input image is floating-point), and then the colormap is applied.

In order to make this important change, the image handling code was almost entirely rewritten. As a side effect, image resampling uses less memory and fewer datatype conversions than before.

The experimental private feature where one could "skew" an image by setting the private member _image_skew_coordinate has been removed. Instead, images will obey the transform of the axes on which they are drawn.

Non-linear scales on image plots


`~.Axes.imshow` now draws data at the requested points in data space after the
application of non-linear scales.

The image on the left demonstrates the new, correct behavior.
The old behavior can be recreated using `~.Axes.pcolormesh` as
demonstrated on the right.


.. plot::

    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    data = np.arange(30).reshape(5, 6)
    x = np.linspace(0, 6, 7)
    y = 10**np.linspace(0, 5, 6)
    X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

    fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(8, 4))

    ax1.imshow(data, aspect="auto", extent=(0, 6, 1e0, 1e5), interpolation='nearest')
    ax1.set_yscale('log')
    ax1.set_title('Using ax.imshow')

    ax2.pcolormesh(x, y, np.flipud(data))
    ax2.set_yscale('log')
    ax2.set_title('Using ax.pcolormesh')
    ax2.autoscale('tight')

    plt.show()


This can be understood by analogy to plotting a histogram with linearly spaced bins
with a logarithmic x-axis.  Equal sized bins will be displayed as wider for small
*x* and narrower for large *x*.



Support for HiDPI (Retina) displays in the NbAgg and WebAgg backends
--------------------------------------------------------------------

The NbAgg and WebAgg backends will now use the full resolution of your
high-pixel-density display.

Change in the default animation codec
-------------------------------------

The default animation codec has been changed from ``mpeg4`` to ``h264``,
which is more efficient. It can be set via the ``animation.codec`` rcParam.

Deprecated support for mencoder in animation
--------------------------------------------

The use of mencoder for writing video files with mpl is problematic;
switching to ffmpeg is strongly advised.  All support for mencoder
will be removed in version 2.2.

Boxplot Zorder Keyword Argument
-------------------------------

The *zorder* parameter now exists for `~.Axes.boxplot`. This allows the zorder
of a boxplot to be set in the plotting function call. ::

    boxplot(np.arange(10), zorder=10)

Filled ``+`` and ``x`` markers
------------------------------

New fillable *plus* and *x* markers have been added. See
the :mod:`~matplotlib.markers` module and
:doc:`marker reference </gallery/lines_bars_and_markers/marker_reference>`
examples.

*rcount* and *ccount* for `~.axes3d.Axes3D.plot_surface`
--------------------------------------------------------

As of v2.0, mplot3d's `~.axes3d.Axes3D.plot_surface` now
accepts *rcount* and *ccount* arguments for controlling the sampling of the
input data for plotting. These arguments specify the maximum number of
evenly spaced samples to take from the input data. These arguments are
also the new default sampling method for the function, and is
considered a style change.

The old *rstride* and *cstride* arguments, which specified the size of the
evenly spaced samples, become the default when 'classic' mode is invoked,
and are still available for use. There are no plans for deprecating these
arguments.

Streamplot Zorder Keyword Argument Changes
------------------------------------------

The ``zorder`` parameter for `~.Axes.streamplot` now has default
value of ``None`` instead of ``2``. If ``None`` is given as ``zorder``,
`~.Axes.streamplot` has a default ``zorder`` of
``matplotlib.lines.Line2D.zorder``.

.. _gc_get_hatch_color_wn:

Extension to `matplotlib.backend_bases.GraphicsContextBase`
-----------------------------------------------------------

To support standardizing hatch behavior across the backends we ship
the `matplotlib.backend_bases.GraphicsContextBase.get_hatch_color`
method as added to `matplotlib.backend_bases.GraphicsContextBase`.
This is only used during the render process in the backends we ship so
will not break any third-party backends.

If you maintain a third-party backend which extends
`~matplotlib.backend_bases.GraphicsContextBase` this method is now
available to you and should be used to color hatch patterns.