Storage

Storage APIs have been standardized with consistent pagination and naming patterns across all methods.

Database migration

Run these SQL migrations through your normal migration process (e.g., Prisma Migrate, Drizzle Kit, or your DBA review process).

Scorers table column rename

The runtimeContext column in mastra_scorers was renamed to requestContext.

:::note[Who needs this migration] Only if you use @mastra/pg or @mastra/libsql with evals/scoring and have existing data in the runtimeContext column. :::

:::important[What breaks without it] Existing score records won't have their request context data accessible. :::

After deploying v1 (which adds the new requestContext column on init), copy the data and drop the old column:

UPDATE mastra_scorers SET "requestContext" = "runtimeContext" WHERE "runtimeContext" IS NOT NULL;
ALTER TABLE mastra_scorers DROP COLUMN "runtimeContext";

Duplicate spans migration

If you're upgrading from an older version of Mastra, you may have duplicate (traceId, spanId) entries in your mastra_spans table. V1 adds a unique constraint on these columns to ensure data integrity, but this constraint can't be added if duplicates exist.

:::note[Who needs this migration] Only if you have existing spans data from Mastra versions prior to v1 and encounter errors about duplicate key violations or constraint creation failures. :::

:::important[What breaks without it] The storage initialization may fail when trying to add the unique constraint, or you may see errors like "duplicate key value violates unique constraint". :::

Option 1: Use the CLI (Recommended)

Run the migration command which automatically deduplicates spans and adds the constraint:

npx mastra migrate

The CLI bundles your project, connects to your configured storage, and runs the migration. It keeps the most complete record (based on endTime and attributes) when removing duplicates.

Option 2: Manual SQL (PostgreSQL)

If you prefer to run the migration manually:

-- Remove duplicates, keeping the most complete record
DELETE FROM mastra_spans a USING mastra_spans b
WHERE a.ctid < b.ctid
  AND a."traceId" = b."traceId"
  AND a."spanId" = b."spanId";

-- Add the unique constraint
ALTER TABLE mastra_spans ADD CONSTRAINT mastra_spans_trace_span_unique UNIQUE ("traceId", "spanId");

Option 3: Manual migration (Other databases)

For ClickHouse, LibSQL, MongoDB, or MSSQL, use the programmatic API:

const storage = mastra.getStorage()
const observabilityStore = await storage.getStore('observability')

// Check if migration is needed
const status = await observabilityStore?.checkSpansMigrationStatus()
console.log(status)

// Run the migration
const result = await observabilityStore?.migrateSpans()
console.log(result)

JSON columns (TEXT → JSONB)

PostgreSQL only. The metadata column in mastra_threads and snapshot column in mastra_workflow_snapshot changed from TEXT to JSONB.

:::note[Recommended] Migrating to JSONB enables native PostgreSQL JSON operators and GIN indexing for better query performance on JSON fields. :::

ALTER TABLE mastra_threads
ALTER COLUMN metadata TYPE jsonb
USING metadata::jsonb;

ALTER TABLE mastra_workflow_snapshot
ALTER COLUMN snapshot TYPE jsonb
USING snapshot::jsonb;

Added

Storage composition in MastraCompositeStore

MastraCompositeStore can now compose storage domains from different adapters. Use it when you need different databases for different purposes - for example, PostgreSQL for memory and workflows, but a specialized database for observability.

import { MastraCompositeStore } from '@mastra/core/storage'
import { MemoryPG, WorkflowsPG, ScoresPG } from '@mastra/pg'
import { MemoryLibSQL } from '@mastra/libsql'
import { Mastra } from '@mastra/core'

// Compose domains from different stores
const mastra = new Mastra({
  storage: new MastraCompositeStore({
    id: 'composite',
    domains: {
      memory: new MemoryLibSQL({ url: 'file:./local.db' }),
      workflows: new WorkflowsPG({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL }),
      scores: new ScoresPG({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL }),
    },
  }),
})

See the Storage Composition reference for more details.

Changed

MastraStorage renamed to MastraCompositeStore

The MastraStorage class has been renamed to MastraCompositeStore to better reflect its role as a composite storage implementation that routes different domains to different underlying stores. This avoids confusion with the general "Mastra Storage" concept (the storage property on the Mastra instance).

The old MastraStorage name remains available as a deprecated alias for backward compatibility, but will be removed in a future version.

To migrate, update your imports and instantiation:

- import { MastraStorage } from "@mastra/core/storage";
+ import { MastraCompositeStore } from "@mastra/core/storage";
  import { MemoryLibSQL } from "@mastra/libsql";
  import { WorkflowsPG } from "@mastra/pg";

  export const mastra = new Mastra({
-   storage: new MastraStorage({
+   storage: new MastraCompositeStore({
      id: "composite",
      domains: {
        memory: new MemoryLibSQL({ url: "file:./memory.db" }),
        workflows: new WorkflowsPG({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL }),
      },
    }),
  });

:::note If you're using a single store implementation (like PostgresStore or LibSQLStore) directly, no changes are needed. This only affects code that explicitly uses MastraStorage for composite storage. :::

Required id property for storage instances

Storage instances now require an id property. This unique identifier is used for tracking and managing storage instances within Mastra. The id should be a descriptive, unique string for each storage instance in your application.

To migrate, add an id field to your storage constructor.

  const storage = new PostgresStore({
+   id: 'main-postgres-store',
    connectionString: process.env.POSTGRES_CONNECTION_STRING,
    schemaName: 'public',
  });

  const upstashStore = new UpstashStore({
+   id: 'upstash-cache-store',
    url: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL,
    token: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN,
  });

Pagination from offset/limit to page/perPage

All pagination APIs now use page and perPage instead of offset and limit. This change provides a more intuitive pagination model that aligns with common web pagination patterns.

To migrate, update all pagination parameters from offset/limit to page/perPage. Note that page is 0-indexed.

  memoryStore.listMessages({
    threadId: 'thread-123',
-   offset: 0,
-   limit: 20,
+   page: 0,
+   perPage: 20,
  });

getMessagesPaginated to listMessages

The getMessagesPaginated() method has been replaced with listMessages(). The new method supports perPage: false to fetch all records without pagination. This change aligns with the list* naming convention and adds flexibility for fetching all records.

To migrate, rename the method and update pagination parameters. You can now use perPage: false to fetch all records.

+ const memoryStore = await storage.getStore('memory');
+
  // Paginated
- const result = await storage.getMessagesPaginated({
+ const result = await memoryStore?.listMessages({
    threadId: 'thread-123',
-   offset: 0,
-   limit: 20,
+   page: 0,
+   perPage: 20,
  });

  // Fetch all records (no pagination limit)
+ const allMessages = await memoryStore?.listMessages({
+   threadId: 'thread-123',
+   page: 0,
+   perPage: false,
+ });

:::tip[Codemod]

You can use Mastra's codemod CLI to update your code automatically:

npx @mastra/codemod@latest v1/storage-get-messages-paginated .

:::

Domain-specific storage access via getStore()

Storage operations are now accessed through domain-specific stores instead of directly on the storage instance.

Domains include:

• memory - Threads, messages, and resources
• workflows - Workflow snapshots
• scores - Evaluation scores
• observability - Traces and spans
• agents - Stored agent data

To migrate, call getStore() with the domain name, then call methods on the returned store.

  const storage = mastra.getStorage();

  // Memory operations (threads, messages, resources)
- const thread = await storage.getThread({ threadId: '123' });
- await storage.saveThread({ thread });
+ const memoryStore = await storage.getStore('memory');
+ const thread = await memoryStore?.getThreadById({ threadId: '123' });
+ await memoryStore?.saveThread({ thread });

  // Workflow operations (snapshots)
- const snapshot = await storage.loadWorkflowSnapshot({ runId, workflowName });
- await storage.persistWorkflowSnapshot({ runId, workflowName, snapshot });
+ const workflowStore = await storage.getStore('workflows');
+ const snapshot = await workflowStore?.loadWorkflowSnapshot({ runId, workflowName });
+ await workflowStore?.persistWorkflowSnapshot({ runId, workflowName, snapshot });

  // Observability operations (traces, spans)
- const traces = await storage.listTraces({ page: 0, perPage: 20 });
+ const observabilityStore = await storage.getStore('observability');
+ const traces = await observabilityStore?.listTraces({ page: 0, perPage: 20 });

  // Score operations (evaluations)
- const scores = await storage.listScoresByScorerId({ scorerId: 'helpfulness' });
+ const scoresStore = await storage.getStore('scores');
+ const scores = await scoresStore?.listScoresByScorerId({ scorerId: 'helpfulness' });

getThreadsByResourceId to listThreads

The getThreadsByResourceId() method has been replaced with listThreads(). The new method adds pagination support and filtering by resourceId, metadata, or both.

:::important

The old getThreadsByResourceId() returned all matching threads without pagination. The new listThreads() requires pagination parameters. To preserve the old behavior of fetching all threads, use perPage: false.

:::

To migrate, use the memory store and the new listThreads() method with pagination and an optional filter object.

- const threads = await storage.getThreadsByResourceId({
-   resourceId: 'res-123',
- });
+ const memoryStore = await storage.getStore('memory');
+
+ // Paginated (recommended for large datasets)
+ const result = await memoryStore?.listThreads({
+   filter: { resourceId: 'res-123' },
+   page: 0,
+   perPage: 20,
+ });
+ const threads = result?.threads;
+
+ // Or fetch all threads like before (use perPage: false)
+ const allResult = await memoryStore?.listThreads({
+   filter: { resourceId: 'res-123' },
+   perPage: false,
+ });
+ const allThreads = allResult?.threads;

The new method also supports:

• Listing all threads (omit filter)
• Filtering by metadata only
• Combined resourceId + metadata filters

// List all threads
await memoryStore?.listThreads({ page: 0, perPage: 20 })

// Filter by metadata only
await memoryStore?.listThreads({
  filter: { metadata: { status: 'active' } },
  page: 0,
  perPage: 20,
})

// Combined filter
await memoryStore?.listThreads({
  filter: {
    resourceId: 'user-123',
    metadata: { category: 'support' },
  },
  page: 0,
  perPage: 20,
})

:::tip[Codemod]

You can use Mastra's codemod CLI to update your code automatically:

npx @mastra/codemod@latest v1/storage-list-threads-by-resource-to-list-threads .

:::

getWorkflowRuns to listWorkflowRuns

The getWorkflowRuns() method has been renamed to listWorkflowRuns(). This change aligns with the convention that list* methods return collections.

To migrate, use the workflows stores, rename the method call and update pagination parameters.

- const runs = await storage.getWorkflowRuns({
+ const workflowStore = await storage.getStore('workflows');
+ const runs = await workflowStore?.listWorkflowRuns({
    fromDate,
    toDate,
+   page: 0,
+   perPage: 20,
  });

:::tip[Codemod]

You can use Mastra's codemod CLI to update your code automatically:

npx @mastra/codemod@latest v1/storage-list-workflow-runs .

:::

getMessagesById to listMessagesById

The getMessagesById() method has been renamed to listMessagesById(). This change aligns with the convention that list* methods return collections.

To migrate, use the memory store and rename the method call.

+ const memoryStore = await storage.getStore('memory');
- const result = await storage.getMessagesById({
+ const result = await memoryStore?.listMessagesById({
    messageIds: ['msg-1', 'msg-2'],
  });

:::tip[Codemod]

You can use Mastra's codemod CLI to update your code automatically:

npx @mastra/codemod@latest v1/storage-list-messages-by-id .

:::

Storage getMessages and saveMessages signatures

The getMessages() and saveMessages() methods have changed signatures and return types. Format overloads have been removed, and the methods now always work with MastraDBMessage. This change simplifies the API by removing format variations.

To migrate, use the memory store, remove format parameters, and update code to work with the consistent return type.

+ const memoryStore = await storage.getStore('memory');
+
  // Always returns { messages: MastraDBMessage[] }
- const v1Messages = await storage.getMessages({ threadId, format: 'v1' });
- const v2Messages = await storage.getMessages({ threadId, format: 'v2' });
+ const result = await memoryStore?.getMessages({ threadId });
+ const messages = result?.messages; // MastraDBMessage[]

  // SaveMessages always uses MastraDBMessage
- await storage.saveMessages({ messages: v1Messages, format: 'v1' });
- await storage.saveMessages({ messages: v2Messages, format: 'v2' });
+ const saveResult = await memoryStore?.saveMessages({ messages: mastraDBMessages });
+ const saved = saveResult?.messages; // MastraDBMessage[]

Vector store API from positional to named arguments

All vector store methods now use named arguments instead of positional arguments. This change improves code readability and makes method signatures more maintainable.

To migrate, update all vector store method calls to use named arguments.

- await vectorDB.createIndex(indexName, 3, 'cosine');
+ await vectorDB.createIndex({
+   indexName: indexName,
+   dimension: 3,
+   metric: 'cosine',
+ });

- await vectorDB.upsert(indexName, [[1, 2, 3]], [{ test: 'data' }]);
+ await vectorDB.upsert({
+   indexName: indexName,
+   vectors: [[1, 2, 3]],
+   metadata: [{ test: 'data' }],
+ });

- await vectorDB.query(indexName, [1, 2, 3], 5);
+ await vectorDB.query({
+   indexName: indexName,
+   queryVector: [1, 2, 3],
+   topK: 5,
+ });

Vector store method renames

The updateIndexById and deleteIndexById methods have been renamed to updateVector and deleteVector respectively. This change provides clearer naming that better describes the operations.

To migrate, rename the methods and use named arguments.

- await vectorDB.updateIndexById(indexName, id, update);
- await vectorDB.deleteIndexById(indexName, id);
+ await vectorDB.updateVector({ indexName, id, update });
+ await vectorDB.deleteVector({ indexName, id });

PGVector constructor from connection string to object

The PGVector constructor now requires object parameters instead of a connection string. This change provides a more consistent API across all storage adapters.

To migrate, pass the connection string as an object property.

- const pgVector = new PgVector(process.env.POSTGRES_CONNECTION_STRING!);
+ const pgVector = new PgVector({
+   connectionString: process.env.POSTGRES_CONNECTION_STRING,
+ });

:::tip[Codemod]

You can use Mastra's codemod CLI to update your code automatically:

npx @mastra/codemod@latest v1/vector-pg-constructor .

:::

PGVector defineIndex to buildIndex

The defineIndex() method has been removed in favor of buildIndex(). This change provides clearer naming for the index building operation.

To migrate, rename the method and use named arguments.

- await vectorDB.defineIndex(indexName, 'cosine', { type: 'flat' });
+ await vectorDB.buildIndex({
+   indexName: indexName,
+   metric: 'cosine',
+   indexConfig: { type: 'flat' },
+ });

PostgresStore: schema to schemaName

The schema parameter has been renamed to schemaName in the PostgresStore constructor. This change provides clearer naming to avoid confusion with database schema concepts.

To migrate, rename the parameter.

  const pgStore = new PostgresStore({
    connectionString: process.env.POSTGRES_CONNECTION_STRING,
-   schema: customSchema,
+   schemaName: customSchema,
  });

:::tip[Codemod]

You can use Mastra's codemod CLI to update your code automatically:

npx @mastra/codemod@latest v1/storage-postgres-schema-name .

:::

Score storage methods to listScoresBy* pattern

Score storage APIs have been renamed to follow the listScoresBy* pattern. This change provides consistency with the broader API naming conventions.

To migrate, update method names from getScores to listScoresByScorerId and related variants.

- const scores = await storage.getScores({ scorerName: 'helpfulness-scorer' });
+ const scores = await storage.listScoresByScorerId({
+   scorerId: 'helpfulness-scorer',
+ });
+ // Also available: listScoresByRunId, listScoresByEntityId, listScoresBySpan

Removed

Non-paginated storage functions

Non-paginated storage functions have been removed in favor of paginated versions. All list operations now use pagination, though you can fetch all records with perPage: false. This change provides consistency across the API and prevents accidental loading of large datasets.

To migrate, use paginated methods via domain stores. For fetching all records, use perPage: false.

- // Non-paginated direct access
- const messages = await storage.getMessages({ threadId });

+ // Use paginated methods via domain stores
+ const memoryStore = await storage.getStore('memory');
+ const result = await memoryStore?.listMessages({ threadId, page: 0, perPage: 20 });
+ // Or fetch all
+ const allMessages = await memoryStore?.listMessages({
+   threadId,
+   page: 0,
+   perPage: false,
+ });

getTraces and getTracesPaginated

The getTraces() and getTracesPaginated() methods have been removed from storage. Traces are now handled through the observability package rather than core storage. This change provides better separation of concerns between core storage and observability features.

To migrate, use observability storage methods instead.

- const traces = await storage.getTraces({ traceId: 'trace-123' });
- const paginated = await storage.getTracesPaginated({ page: 0, perPage: 20 });

+ // Use observability API for traces
+ import { initObservability } from '@mastra/observability';
+ const observability = initObservability({ config: { ... } });
+ // Access traces through observability API

Evals test utilities

Evals domain test utilities have been removed from @internal/test-utils. This change reflects the removal of legacy evals functionality.

To migrate, use storage APIs directly for testing instead of specialized evals test utilities.

- import { createEvalsTests } from '@internal/test-utils/domains/evals';
- createEvalsTests({ storage });

+ // Use storage APIs directly for testing

TABLE_EVALS from MSSQL storage

The TABLE_EVALS table has been removed from MSSQL storage implementations. This change reflects the removal of legacy evals functionality.

If you were using MSSQL storage with evals, migrate to a different storage adapter or remove evals functionality.