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Intel Trust Domain Extensions (TDX)

Documentation/virt/kvm/x86/intel-tdx.rst

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.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

=================================== Intel Trust Domain Extensions (TDX)

Overview

Intel's Trust Domain Extensions (TDX) protect confidential guest VMs from the host and physical attacks. A CPU-attested software module called 'the TDX module' runs inside a new CPU isolated range to provide the functionalities to manage and run protected VMs, a.k.a, TDX guests or TDs.

Please refer to [1] for the whitepaper, specifications and other resources.

This documentation describes TDX-specific KVM ABIs. The TDX module needs to be initialized before it can be used by KVM to run any TDX guests. The host core-kernel provides the support of initializing the TDX module, which is described in the Documentation/arch/x86/tdx.rst.

API description

KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_OP

:Type: vm ioctl, vcpu ioctl

For TDX operations, KVM_MEMORY_ENCRYPT_OP is re-purposed to be generic ioctl with TDX specific sub-ioctl() commands.

::

/* Trust Domain Extensions sub-ioctl() commands. */ enum kvm_tdx_cmd_id { KVM_TDX_CAPABILITIES = 0, KVM_TDX_INIT_VM, KVM_TDX_INIT_VCPU, KVM_TDX_INIT_MEM_REGION, KVM_TDX_FINALIZE_VM, KVM_TDX_GET_CPUID,

      KVM_TDX_CMD_NR_MAX,

};

struct kvm_tdx_cmd { /* enum kvm_tdx_cmd_id / __u32 id; / flags for sub-command. If sub-command doesn't use this, set zero. / __u32 flags; / * data for each sub-command. An immediate or a pointer to the actual * data in process virtual address. If sub-command doesn't use it, * set zero. / __u64 data; / * Auxiliary error code. The sub-command may return TDX SEAMCALL * status code in addition to -Exxx. */ __u64 hw_error; };

KVM_TDX_CAPABILITIES

:Type: vm ioctl :Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error

Return the TDX capabilities that current KVM supports with the specific TDX module loaded in the system. It reports what features/capabilities are allowed to be configured to the TDX guest.

  • id: KVM_TDX_CAPABILITIES
  • flags: must be 0
  • data: pointer to struct kvm_tdx_capabilities
  • hw_error: must be 0

::

struct kvm_tdx_capabilities { __u64 supported_attrs; __u64 supported_xfam;

    /* TDG.VP.VMCALL hypercalls executed in kernel and forwarded to
     * userspace, respectively
     */
    __u64 kernel_tdvmcallinfo_1_r11;
    __u64 user_tdvmcallinfo_1_r11;

    /* TDG.VP.VMCALL instruction executions subfunctions executed in kernel
     * and forwarded to userspace, respectively
     */
    __u64 kernel_tdvmcallinfo_1_r12;
    __u64 user_tdvmcallinfo_1_r12;

    __u64 reserved[250];

    /* Configurable CPUID bits for userspace */
    struct kvm_cpuid2 cpuid;

};

KVM_TDX_INIT_VM

:Type: vm ioctl :Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error

Perform TDX specific VM initialization. This needs to be called after KVM_CREATE_VM and before creating any VCPUs.

  • id: KVM_TDX_INIT_VM
  • flags: must be 0
  • data: pointer to struct kvm_tdx_init_vm
  • hw_error: must be 0

::

struct kvm_tdx_init_vm { __u64 attributes; __u64 xfam; __u64 mrconfigid[6]; /* sha384 digest / __u64 mrowner[6]; / sha384 digest / __u64 mrownerconfig[6]; / sha384 digest */

      /* The total space for TD_PARAMS before the CPUIDs is 256 bytes */
      __u64 reserved[12];

    /*
     * Call KVM_TDX_INIT_VM before vcpu creation, thus before
     * KVM_SET_CPUID2.
     * This configuration supersedes KVM_SET_CPUID2s for VCPUs because the
     * TDX module directly virtualizes those CPUIDs without VMM.  The user
     * space VMM, e.g. qemu, should make KVM_SET_CPUID2 consistent with
     * those values.  If it doesn't, KVM may have wrong idea of vCPUIDs of
     * the guest, and KVM may wrongly emulate CPUIDs or MSRs that the TDX
     * module doesn't virtualize.
     */
      struct kvm_cpuid2 cpuid;

};

KVM_TDX_INIT_VCPU

:Type: vcpu ioctl :Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error

Perform TDX specific VCPU initialization.

  • id: KVM_TDX_INIT_VCPU
  • flags: must be 0
  • data: initial value of the guest TD VCPU RCX
  • hw_error: must be 0

KVM_TDX_INIT_MEM_REGION

:Type: vcpu ioctl :Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error

Initialize @nr_pages TDX guest private memory starting from @gpa with userspace provided data from @source_addr. @source_addr must be PAGE_SIZE-aligned.

Note, before calling this sub command, memory attribute of the range [gpa, gpa + nr_pages] needs to be private. Userspace can use KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES to set the attribute.

If KVM_TDX_MEASURE_MEMORY_REGION flag is specified, it also extends measurement.

  • id: KVM_TDX_INIT_MEM_REGION
  • flags: currently only KVM_TDX_MEASURE_MEMORY_REGION is defined
  • data: pointer to struct kvm_tdx_init_mem_region
  • hw_error: must be 0

::

#define KVM_TDX_MEASURE_MEMORY_REGION (1UL << 0)

struct kvm_tdx_init_mem_region { __u64 source_addr; __u64 gpa; __u64 nr_pages; };

KVM_TDX_FINALIZE_VM

:Type: vm ioctl :Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error

Complete measurement of the initial TD contents and mark it ready to run.

  • id: KVM_TDX_FINALIZE_VM
  • flags: must be 0
  • data: must be 0
  • hw_error: must be 0

KVM_TDX_GET_CPUID

:Type: vcpu ioctl :Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error

Get the CPUID values that the TDX module virtualizes for the TD guest. When it returns -E2BIG, the user space should allocate a larger buffer and retry. The minimum buffer size is updated in the nent field of the struct kvm_cpuid2.

  • id: KVM_TDX_GET_CPUID
  • flags: must be 0
  • data: pointer to struct kvm_cpuid2 (in/out)
  • hw_error: must be 0 (out)

::

struct kvm_cpuid2 { __u32 nent; __u32 padding; struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 entries[0]; };

struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 { __u32 function; __u32 index; __u32 flags; __u32 eax; __u32 ebx; __u32 ecx; __u32 edx; __u32 padding[3]; };

KVM TDX creation flow

In addition to the standard KVM flow, new TDX ioctls need to be called. The control flow is as follows:

#. Check system wide capability

  • KVM_CAP_VM_TYPES: Check if VM type is supported and if KVM_X86_TDX_VM is supported.

#. Create VM

  • KVM_CREATE_VM
  • KVM_TDX_CAPABILITIES: Query TDX capabilities for creating TDX guests.
  • KVM_CHECK_EXTENSION(KVM_CAP_MAX_VCPUS): Query maximum VCPUs the TD can support at VM level (TDX has its own limitation on this).
  • KVM_SET_TSC_KHZ: Configure TD's TSC frequency if a different TSC frequency than host is desired. This is Optional.
  • KVM_TDX_INIT_VM: Pass TDX specific VM parameters.

#. Create VCPU

  • KVM_CREATE_VCPU
  • KVM_TDX_INIT_VCPU: Pass TDX specific VCPU parameters.
  • KVM_SET_CPUID2: Configure TD's CPUIDs.
  • KVM_SET_MSRS: Configure TD's MSRs.

#. Initialize initial guest memory

  • Prepare content of initial guest memory.
  • KVM_TDX_INIT_MEM_REGION: Add initial guest memory.
  • KVM_TDX_FINALIZE_VM: Finalize the measurement of the TDX guest.

#. Run VCPU

References

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/trust-domain-extensions/documentation.html