website/content/ChapterFour/1100~1199/1178.Number-of-Valid-Words-for-Each-Puzzle.md
With respect to a given puzzle string, a word is valid if both the following conditions are satisfied:
word contains the first letter of puzzle.word, that letter is in puzzle.For example, if the puzzle is "abcdefg", then valid words are "faced", "cabbage", and "baggage"; while invalid words are "beefed" (doesn't include "a") and "based" (includes "s" which isn't in the puzzle).Return an array answer, where answer[i] is the number of words in the given word list words that are valid with respect to the puzzle puzzles[i].
Example :
Input:
words = ["aaaa","asas","able","ability","actt","actor","access"],
puzzles = ["aboveyz","abrodyz","abslute","absoryz","actresz","gaswxyz"]
Output: [1,1,3,2,4,0]
Explanation:
1 valid word for "aboveyz" : "aaaa"
1 valid word for "abrodyz" : "aaaa"
3 valid words for "abslute" : "aaaa", "asas", "able"
2 valid words for "absoryz" : "aaaa", "asas"
4 valid words for "actresz" : "aaaa", "asas", "actt", "access"
There're no valid words for "gaswxyz" cause none of the words in the list contains letter 'g'.
Constraints:
1 <= words.length <= 10^54 <= words[i].length <= 501 <= puzzles.length <= 10^4puzzles[i].length == 7words[i][j], puzzles[i][j] are English lowercase letters.puzzles[i] doesn't contain repeated characters.外国友人仿照中国字谜设计了一个英文版猜字谜小游戏,请你来猜猜看吧。
字谜的迷面 puzzle 按字符串形式给出,如果一个单词 word 符合下面两个条件,那么它就可以算作谜底:
返回一个答案数组 answer,数组中的每个元素 answer[i] 是在给出的单词列表 words 中可以作为字谜迷面 puzzles[i] 所对应的谜底的单词数目。
提示:
bitmap 来表示单词(word)。map 记录不同状态的单词(word)的个数。word 的 bitmap 肯定对应于 puzzle 某个子串的 bitmap 表示,且 bitmap 中包含 puzzle 的第一个字母的 bit 占用。puzzle 的每一个子串,然后求和这个子串具有相同 bitmap 表示且 word 中包含 puzzle 的第一个字母的 word 的个数。
package leetcode
/*
匹配跟单词中的字母顺序,字母个数都无关,可以用 bitmap 压缩
1. 记录 word 中 利用 map 记录各种 bit 标示的个数
2. puzzles 中各个字母都不相同! 记录 bitmap,然后搜索子空间中各种 bit 标识的个数的和
因为 puzzles 长度最长是7,所以搜索空间 2^7
*/
func findNumOfValidWords(words []string, puzzles []string) []int {
wordBitStatusMap, res := make(map[uint32]int, 0), []int{}
for _, w := range words {
wordBitStatusMap[toBitMap([]byte(w))]++
}
for _, p := range puzzles {
var bitMap uint32
var totalNum int
bitMap |= (1 << (p[0] - 'a')) //work 中要包含 p 的第一个字母 所以这个 bit 位上必须是 1
findNum([]byte(p)[1:], bitMap, &totalNum, wordBitStatusMap)
res = append(res, totalNum)
}
return res
}
func toBitMap(word []byte) uint32 {
var res uint32
for _, b := range word {
res |= (1 << (b - 'a'))
}
return res
}
//利用 dfs 搜索 puzzles 的子空间
func findNum(puzzles []byte, bitMap uint32, totalNum *int, m map[uint32]int) {
if len(puzzles) == 0 {
*totalNum = *totalNum + m[bitMap]
return
}
//不包含 puzzles[0],即 puzzles[0] 对应 bit 是 0
findNum(puzzles[1:], bitMap, totalNum, m)
//包含 puzzles[0],即 puzzles[0] 对应 bit 是 1
bitMap |= (1 << (puzzles[0] - 'a'))
findNum(puzzles[1:], bitMap, totalNum, m)
bitMap ^= (1 << (puzzles[0] - 'a')) //异或 清零
return
}