1700. Number of Students Unable to Eat Lunch

题目

The school cafeteria offers circular and square sandwiches at lunch break, referred to by numbers 0 and 1 respectively. All students stand in a queue. Each student either prefers square or circular sandwiches.

The number of sandwiches in the cafeteria is equal to the number of students. The sandwiches are placed in a stack. At each step:

• If the student at the front of the queue prefers the sandwich on the top of the stack, they will take it and leave the queue.
• Otherwise, they will leave it and go to the queue's end.

This continues until none of the queue students want to take the top sandwich and are thus unable to eat.

You are given two integer arrays students and sandwiches where sandwiches[i] is the type of the ith sandwich in the stack (i = 0 is the top of the stack) and students[j] is the preference of the jth student in the initial queue (j = 0 is the front of the queue). Return the number of students that are unable to eat.

Example 1:

Input: students = [1,1,0,0], sandwiches = [0,1,0,1]
Output: 0 
Explanation:
- Front student leaves the top sandwich and returns to the end of the line making students = [1,0,0,1].
- Front student leaves the top sandwich and returns to the end of the line making students = [0,0,1,1].
- Front student takes the top sandwich and leaves the line making students = [0,1,1] and sandwiches = [1,0,1].
- Front student leaves the top sandwich and returns to the end of the line making students = [1,1,0].
- Front student takes the top sandwich and leaves the line making students = [1,0] and sandwiches = [0,1].
- Front student leaves the top sandwich and returns to the end of the line making students = [0,1].
- Front student takes the top sandwich and leaves the line making students = [1] and sandwiches = [1].
- Front student takes the top sandwich and leaves the line making students = [] and sandwiches = [].
Hence all students are able to eat.

Example 2:

Input: students = [1,1,1,0,0,1], sandwiches = [1,0,0,0,1,1]
Output: 3

Constraints:

• 1 <= students.length, sandwiches.length <= 100
• students.length == sandwiches.length
• sandwiches[i] is 0 or 1.
• students[i] is 0 or 1.

题目大意

学校的自助午餐提供圆形和方形的三明治，分别用数字 0 和 1 表示。所有学生站在一个队列里，每个学生要么喜欢圆形的要么喜欢方形的。 餐厅里三明治的数量与学生的数量相同。所有三明治都放在一个 栈 里，每一轮：

• 如果队列最前面的学生 喜欢 栈顶的三明治，那么会 拿走它 并离开队列。
• 否则，这名学生会 放弃这个三明治 并回到队列的尾部。 这个过程会一直持续到队列里所有学生都不喜欢栈顶的三明治为止。

给你两个整数数组 students 和 sandwiches ，其中 sandwiches[i] 是栈里面第 i 个三明治的类型（i = 0 是栈的顶部）， students[j] 是初始队列里第 j 名学生对三明治的喜好（j = 0 是队列的最开始位置）。请你返回无法吃午餐的学生数量。

解题思路

• 简单题。按照题意，学生不管怎么轮流领三明治，如果数量够，经过多轮循环，总能领到。问题可以等价为，学生依次到队列前面领取三明治。2 个种类的三明治都摆好放在那里了。最终领不到三明治的学生都是因为喜欢的三明治不够发放了。按照这个思路，先统计 2 种三明治的总个数，然后减去学生对三明治的需求总数，剩下的学生即都是无法满足的。

代码

package leetcode

func countStudents(students []int, sandwiches []int) int {
	tmp, n, i := [2]int{}, len(students), 0
	for _, v := range students {
		tmp[v]++
	}
	for i < n && tmp[sandwiches[i]] > 0 {
		tmp[sandwiches[i]]--
		i++
	}
	return n - i
}