966. Vowel Spellchecker

题目

Given a wordlist, we want to implement a spellchecker that converts a query word into a correct word.

For a given query word, the spell checker handles two categories of spelling mistakes:

• Capitalization: If the query matches a word in the wordlist (case-insensitive), then the query word is returned with the same case as the case in the wordlist.
  • Example: wordlist = ["yellow"], query = "YellOw": correct = "yellow"
  • Example: wordlist = ["Yellow"], query = "yellow": correct = "Yellow"
  • Example: wordlist = ["yellow"], query = "yellow": correct = "yellow"
• Vowel Errors: If after replacing the vowels ('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u') of the query word with any vowel individually, it matches a word in the wordlist (case-insensitive), then the query word is returned with the same case as the match in the wordlist.
  • Example: wordlist = ["YellOw"], query = "yollow": correct = "YellOw"
  • Example: wordlist = ["YellOw"], query = "yeellow": correct = "" (no match)
  • Example: wordlist = ["YellOw"], query = "yllw": correct = "" (no match)

In addition, the spell checker operates under the following precedence rules:

• When the query exactly matches a word in the wordlist (case-sensitive), you should return the same word back.
• When the query matches a word up to capitlization, you should return the first such match in the wordlist.
• When the query matches a word up to vowel errors, you should return the first such match in the wordlist.
• If the query has no matches in the wordlist, you should return the empty string.

Given some queries, return a list of words answer, where answer[i] is the correct word for query = queries[i].

Example 1:

Input:wordlist = ["KiTe","kite","hare","Hare"], queries = ["kite","Kite","KiTe","Hare","HARE","Hear","hear","keti","keet","keto"]
Output:["kite","KiTe","KiTe","Hare","hare","","","KiTe","","KiTe"]

Note:

• 1 <= wordlist.length <= 5000
• 1 <= queries.length <= 5000
• 1 <= wordlist[i].length <= 7
• 1 <= queries[i].length <= 7
• All strings in wordlist and queries consist only of english letters.

题目大意

在给定单词列表 wordlist 的情况下，我们希望实现一个拼写检查器，将查询单词转换为正确的单词。

对于给定的查询单词 query，拼写检查器将会处理两类拼写错误：

• 大小写：如果查询匹配单词列表中的某个单词（不区分大小写），则返回的正确单词与单词列表中的大小写相同。
  • 例如：wordlist = ["yellow"], query = "YellOw": correct = "yellow"
  • 例如：wordlist = ["Yellow"], query = "yellow": correct = "Yellow"
  • 例如：wordlist = ["yellow"], query = "yellow": correct = "yellow"
• 元音错误：如果在将查询单词中的元音（‘a’、‘e’、‘i’、‘o’、‘u’）分别替换为任何元音后，能与单词列表中的单词匹配（不区分大小写），则返回的正确单词与单词列表中的匹配项大小写相同。
  • 例如：wordlist = ["YellOw"], query = "yollow": correct = "YellOw"
  • 例如：wordlist = ["YellOw"], query = "yeellow": correct = "" （无匹配项）
  • 例如：wordlist = ["YellOw"], query = "yllw": correct = "" （无匹配项）

此外，拼写检查器还按照以下优先级规则操作：

• 当查询完全匹配单词列表中的某个单词（区分大小写）时，应返回相同的单词。
• 当查询匹配到大小写问题的单词时，您应该返回单词列表中的第一个这样的匹配项。
• 当查询匹配到元音错误的单词时，您应该返回单词列表中的第一个这样的匹配项。
• 如果该查询在单词列表中没有匹配项，则应返回空字符串。

给出一些查询 queries，返回一个单词列表 answer，其中 answer[i] 是由查询 query = queries[i] 得到的正确单词。

解题思路

• 读完题，很明显需要用 map 来解题。依题意分为 3 种情况，查询字符串完全匹配；查询字符串只是大小写不同；查询字符串有元音错误。第一种情况用 map key 直接匹配即可。第二种情况，利用 map 将单词从小写形式转换成原单词正确的大小写形式。第三种情况，利用 map 将单词从忽略元音的小写形式换成原单词正确形式。最后注意一下题目最后给的 4 个优先级规则即可。

代码

package leetcode

import "strings"

func spellchecker(wordlist []string, queries []string) []string {
	wordsPerfect, wordsCap, wordsVowel := map[string]bool{}, map[string]string{}, map[string]string{}
	for _, word := range wordlist {
		wordsPerfect[word] = true
		wordLow := strings.ToLower(word)
		if _, ok := wordsCap[wordLow]; !ok {
			wordsCap[wordLow] = word
		}
		wordLowVowel := devowel(wordLow)
		if _, ok := wordsVowel[wordLowVowel]; !ok {
			wordsVowel[wordLowVowel] = word
		}
	}
	res, index := make([]string, len(queries)), 0
	for _, query := range queries {
		if _, ok := wordsPerfect[query]; ok {
			res[index] = query
			index++
			continue
		}
		queryL := strings.ToLower(query)
		if v, ok := wordsCap[queryL]; ok {
			res[index] = v
			index++
			continue
		}

		queryLV := devowel(queryL)
		if v, ok := wordsVowel[queryLV]; ok {
			res[index] = v
			index++
			continue
		}
		res[index] = ""
		index++
	}
	return res

}

func devowel(word string) string {
	runes := []rune(word)
	for k, c := range runes {
		if c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u' {
			runes[k] = '*'
		}
	}
	return string(runes)
}