Traffic Shifting

This task shows you how to shift traffic from one version of a microservice to another.

A common use case is to migrate traffic gradually from an older version of a microservice to a new one. In Istio, you accomplish this goal by configuring a sequence of routing rules that redirect a percentage of traffic from one destination to another.

In this task, you will use send 50% of traffic to reviews:v1 and 50% to reviews:v3. Then, you will complete the migration by sending 100% of traffic to reviews:v3.

{{< boilerplate gateway-api-support >}}

Before you begin

• Setup Istio by following the instructions in the Installation guide.

• Deploy the Bookinfo sample application.

• Review the Traffic Management concepts doc.

Apply weight-based routing

{{< warning >}} If you haven't already, follow the instructions in define the service versions. {{< /warning >}}

1. To get started, run this command to route all traffic to the v1 version:

{{< tabset category-name="config-api" >}}

{{< tab name="Istio APIs" category-value="istio-apis" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=config_all_v1 >}} $ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-all-v1.yaml@ {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< tab name="Gateway API" category-value="gateway-api" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=gtw_config_all_v1 >}} $ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/gateway-api/route-reviews-v1.yaml@ {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< /tabset >}}

2. Open the Bookinfo site in your browser. The URL is http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage, where $GATEWAY_URL is the External IP address of the ingress, as explained in the Bookinfo doc.

   Notice that the reviews part of the page displays with no rating stars, no matter how many times you refresh. This is because you configured Istio to route all traffic for the reviews service to the version reviews:v1 and this version of the service does not access the star ratings service.

3. Transfer 50% of the traffic from reviews:v1 to reviews:v3 with the following command:

{{< tabset category-name="config-api" >}}

{{< tab name="Istio APIs" category-value="istio-apis" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=config_50_v3 >}} $ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-reviews-50-v3.yaml@ {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< tab name="Gateway API" category-value="gateway-api" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=gtw_config_50_v3 >}} $ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/gateway-api/route-reviews-50-v3.yaml@ {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< /tabset >}}

4. Wait a few seconds for the new rules to propagate and then confirm the rule was replaced:

{{< tabset category-name="config-api" >}}

{{< tab name="Istio APIs" category-value="istio-apis" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash outputis=yaml snip_id=verify_config_50_v3 >}} $ kubectl get virtualservice reviews -o yaml apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1 kind: VirtualService ... spec: hosts:

• reviews http:
• route:
  • destination: host: reviews subset: v1 weight: 50
  • destination: host: reviews subset: v3 weight: 50 {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< tab name="Gateway API" category-value="gateway-api" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash outputis=yaml snip_id=gtw_verify_config_50_v3 >}} $ kubectl get httproute reviews -o yaml apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: HTTPRoute ... spec: parentRefs:

• group: "" kind: Service name: reviews port: 9080 rules:
• backendRefs:
  • group: "" kind: Service name: reviews-v1 port: 9080 weight: 50
  • group: "" kind: Service name: reviews-v3 port: 9080 weight: 50 matches:
  • path: type: PathPrefix value: / status: parents:
• conditions:
  • lastTransitionTime: "2022-11-10T18:13:43Z" message: Route was valid observedGeneration: 14 reason: Accepted status: "True" type: Accepted ... {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< /tabset >}}

5. Refresh the /productpage in your browser and you now see red colored star ratings approximately 50% of the time. This is because the v3 version of reviews accesses the star ratings service, but the v1 version does not.

   {{< tip >}} With the current Envoy sidecar implementation, you may need to refresh the /productpage many times --perhaps 15 or more--to see the proper distribution. You can modify the rules to route 90% of the traffic to v3 to see red stars more often. {{< /tip >}}

6. Assuming you decide that the reviews:v3 microservice is stable, you can route 100% of the traffic to reviews:v3 by applying this virtual service:

{{< tabset category-name="config-api" >}}

{{< tab name="Istio APIs" category-value="istio-apis" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=config_100_v3 >}} $ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-reviews-v3.yaml@ {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< tab name="Gateway API" category-value="gateway-api" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=gtw_config_100_v3 >}} $ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/gateway-api/route-reviews-v3.yaml@ {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< /tabset >}}

7. Refresh the /productpage several times. Now you will always see book reviews with red colored star ratings for each review.

Understanding what happened

In this task you migrated traffic from an old to new version of the reviews service using Istio's weighted routing feature. Note that this is very different than doing version migration using the deployment features of container orchestration platforms, which use instance scaling to manage the traffic.

With Istio, you can allow the two versions of the reviews service to scale up and down independently, without affecting the traffic distribution between them.

For more information about version routing with autoscaling, check out the blog article Canary Deployments using Istio.

Cleanup

1. Remove the application routing rules:

{{< tabset category-name="config-api" >}}

{{< tab name="Istio APIs" category-value="istio-apis" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=cleanup >}} $ kubectl delete -f @samples/bookinfo/networking/virtual-service-all-v1.yaml@ {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< tab name="Gateway API" category-value="gateway-api" >}}

{{< text syntax=bash snip_id=gtw_cleanup >}} $ kubectl delete httproute reviews {{< /text >}}

{{< /tab >}}

{{< /tabset >}}

2. If you are not planning to explore any follow-on tasks, refer to the Bookinfo cleanup instructions to shutdown the application.