Transformations

InfluxQL transformation functions modify and return values in each row of queried data.

• ABS()
• ACOS()
• ASIN()
• ATAN()
• ATAN2()
• CEIL()
• COS()
• CUMULATIVE_SUM()
• DERIVATIVE()
• DIFFERENCE()
• ELAPSED()
• EXP()
• FLOOR()
• LN()
• LOG()
• LOG2()
• LOG10()
• MOVING_AVERAGE()
• NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE()
• NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE()
• POW()
• ROUND()
• SIN()
• SQRT()
• TAN()

[!Important]

Missing InfluxQL functions

Some InfluxQL functions are in the process of being rearchitected to work with the InfluxDB 3 storage engine. If a function you need is not here, check the InfluxQL feature support page for more information.

Notable behaviors of transformation functions

Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time

Most transformation functions support GROUP BY clauses that group by tags, but do not directly support GROUP BY clauses that group by time. To use transformation functions with with a GROUP BY time() clause, apply an aggregate or selector function to the field_expression argument. The transformation operates on the result of the aggregate or selector operation.

ABS()

Returns the absolute value of the field value.

ABS(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply ABS() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  a,
  ABS(a)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ABS() to each field" %}}

SELECT ABS(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ABS() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  ABS(MEAN(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

ACOS()

Returns the arccosine (in radians) of the field value. Field values must be between -1 and 1.

ACOS(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply ACOS() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  a,
  ACOS(a)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ACOS() to each field" %}}

SELECT ACOS(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ACOS() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  ACOS(MEAN(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

ASIN()

Returns the arcsine (in radians) of the field value. Field values must be between -1 and 1.

ASIN(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply ASIN() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  a,
  ASIN(a)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ASIN() to each field" %}}

SELECT ASIN(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ASIN() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  ASIN(MEAN(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

ATAN()

Returns the arctangent (in radians) of the field value.

ATAN(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply ATAN() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  a,
  ATAN(a)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ATAN() to each field" %}}

SELECT ATAN(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ATAN() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  ATAN(MEAN(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

ATAN2()

Returns the the arctangent of y/x in radians.

ATAN2(expression_y, expression_x)

Arguments

• expression_y: Expression to identify the y numeric value or one or more fields to operate on. Can be a number literal, field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.
• expression_x: Expression to identify the x numeric value or one or more fields to operate on. Can be a number literal, field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply ATAN2() to a field divided by another field" %}}

SELECT ATAN2(a, b) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ATAN2() to each field divided by a numeric value" %}}

SELECT ATAN2(*, 2) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ATAN2() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  ATAN2(MEAN(a), MEAN(b))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

CEIL()

Returns the subsequent value rounded up to the nearest integer.

CEIL(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply CEIL() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  CEIL(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply CEIL() to each field" %}}

SELECT CEIL(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply CEIL() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  CEIL(MEAN(b))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

COS()

Returns the cosine of the field value.

COS(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply COS() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  COS(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply COS() to each field" %}}

SELECT COS(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply COS() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  COS(MEAN(b))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

CUMULATIVE_SUM()

Returns the running total of subsequent field values.

CUMULATIVE_SUM(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, regular expression, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply CUMULATIVE_SUM() to a field" %}}

SELECT CUMULATIVE_SUM(b) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply CUMULATIVE_SUM() to each field" %}}

SELECT CUMULATIVE_SUM(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply CUMULATIVE_SUM() to field keys that match a regular expression" %}}

SELECT CUMULATIVE_SUM(/[ab]/) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply CUMULATIVE_SUM() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  CUMULATIVE_SUM(SUM(b))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

DERIVATIVE()

Returns the rate of change between subsequent field values per unit.

SELECT DERIVATIVE(field_expression[, unit])

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, regular expression, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.
• unit: Unit of time to use to calculate the rate of change. Supports duration literals. Default is 1s (per second).

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Related functions

• NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE()

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply DERIVATIVE() to a field to calculate the per second change" %}}

SELECT DERIVATIVE(b) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply DERIVATIVE() to a field to calculate the per 5 minute change" %}}

SELECT DERIVATIVE(b, 5m) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply DERIVATIVE() to each field" %}}

SELECT DERIVATIVE(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply DERIVATIVE() to field keys that match a regular expression" %}}

SELECT DERIVATIVE(/[ab]/) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply DERIVATIVE() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  DERIVATIVE(MEAN(b), 1m)
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

DIFFERENCE()

Returns the result of subtraction between subsequent field values.

DIFFERENCE(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, regular expression, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Related functions

• NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE()

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply DIFFERENCE() to a field" %}}

SELECT DIFFERENCE(b) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply DIFFERENCE() to each field" %}}

SELECT DIFFERENCE(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply DIFFERENCE() to field keys that match a regular expression" %}}

SELECT DIFFERENCE(/[ab]/) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply DIFFERENCE() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  DIFFERENCE(MEAN(b))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

ELAPSED()

Returns the difference between subsequent field value's timestamps in a specified unit of time.

ELAPSED(field_expression[, unit ])

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, regular expression, or wildcard (*). Supports all field types.
• unit: Unit of time to return the elapsed time in. Supports duration literals. Default is 1ns (nanoseconds).

Notable behaviors

• If the unit is greater than the elapsed time between points, ELAPSED() returns 0.
• ELAPSED() supports the GROUP BY time() clause but the query results aren't very useful. An ELAPSED() query with a nested function and a GROUP BY time() clause returns the interval specified in the GROUP BY time() clause.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply ELAPSED() to a field and return elapsed time in nanoseconds" %}}

SELECT ELAPSED(b) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ELAPSED() to a field and return elapsed time in seconds" %}}

SELECT ELAPSED(b, 1s) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ELAPSED() to each field" %}}

SELECT ELAPSED(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ELAPSED() to field keys that match a regular expression" %}}

SELECT ELAPSED(/[ab]/, 1s) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

EXP()

Returns the exponential of the field value.

EXP(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply EXP() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  a,
  EXP(a)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply EXP() to each field" %}}

SELECT EXP(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply EXP() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  EXP(MEAN(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

FLOOR()

Returns the subsequent value rounded down to the nearest integer.

FLOOR(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply FLOOR() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  FLOOR(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply FLOOR() to each field" %}}

SELECT FLOOR(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply FLOOR() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  FLOOR(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

LN()

Returns the natural logarithm of the field value. Field values must be greater than or equal to 0.

LN(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply LN() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  LN(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LN() to each field" %}}

SELECT LN(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LN() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  LN(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

LOG()

Returns the logarithm of the field value with base b. Field values must be greater than or equal to 0.

LOG(field_expression, b)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.
• b: Logarithm base to use in the operation.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply LOG() to a field with a base of 3" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  LOG(b, 3)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LOG() to each field with a base of 5" %}}

SELECT LOG(*, 5) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LOG() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  LOG(SUM(a), 10)
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

LOG2()

Returns the logarithm of the field value to the base 2. Field values must be greater than or equal to 0.

LOG2(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply LOG2() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  LOG2(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LOG2() to each field" %}}

SELECT LOG2(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LOG2() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  LOG2(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

LOG10()

Returns the logarithm of the field value to the base 10. Field values must be greater than or equal to 0.

LOG10(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply LOG10() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  LOG10(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LOG10() to each field" %}}

SELECT LOG10(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply LOG10() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  LOG10(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

MOVING_AVERAGE()

Returns the rolling average across a window of subsequent field values.

MOVING_AVERAGE(field_expression, N)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, regular expression, or wildcard (*). Supports all field types.
• N: Number of field values to use when calculating the moving average.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply MOVING_AVERAGE() to a field" %}}

SELECT MOVING_AVERAGE(a, 3) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply MOVING_AVERAGE() to each field" %}}

SELECT MOVING_AVERAGE(*, 3) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply MOVING_AVERAGE() to field keys that match a regular expression" %}}

SELECT MOVING_AVERAGE(/[ab]/, 3) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply MOVING_AVERAGE() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  MOVING_AVERAGE(SUM(a), 3)
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE()

Returns only non-negative rate of change between subsequent field values. Negative rates of change return null.

NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE(field_expression[, unit])

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, regular expression, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.
• unit: Unit of time to use to calculate the rate of change. Supports duration literals. Default is 1s (per second).

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Related functions

• DERIVATIVE()

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE() to a field to calculate the per second change" %}}

SELECT NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE(b) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE() to a field to calculate the per 5 minute change" %}}

SELECT NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE(b, 5m) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE() to each field" %}}

SELECT NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE() to field keys that match a regular expression" %}}

SELECT NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE(/[ab]/) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  NON_NEGATIVE_DERIVATIVE(MEAN(b), 1m)
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE()

Returns only non-negative result of subtraction between subsequent field values. Negative differences return null.

NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, regular expression, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Related functions

• DIFFERENCE()

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE() to a field" %}}

SELECT NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE(b) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE() to each field" %}}

SELECT NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE() to field keys that match a regular expression" %}}

SELECT NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE(/[ab]/) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  NON_NEGATIVE_DIFFERENCE(MEAN(b))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

POW()

Returns the field value to the power of x.

POW(field_expression, x)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.
• x: Power to raise to.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply POW() to a field with a power of 3" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  POW(b, 3)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply POW() to each field with a power of 5" %}}

SELECT POW(*, 5) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply POW() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  POW(SUM(a), 10)
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

ROUND()

Returns a field value rounded to the nearest integer.

ROUND(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply ROUND() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  ROUND(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ROUND() to each field" %}}

SELECT ROUND(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply ROUND() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  ROUND(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

SIN()

Returns the sine of a field value.

SIN(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply SIN() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  SIN(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply SIN() to each field" %}}

SELECT SIN(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply SIN() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  SIN(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

SQRT()

Returns the square root of a field value. Field values must be greater than or equal to 0. Negative field values return null.

SQRT(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply SQRT() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  SQRT(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply SQRT() to each field" %}}

SELECT SQRT(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply SQRT() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  SQRT(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}

TAN()

Returns the tangent of the field value.

TAN(field_expression)

Arguments

• field_expression: Expression to identify one or more fields to operate on. Can be a field key, constant, or wildcard (*). Supports numeric field types.

Notable behaviors

• Must use aggregate or selector functions when grouping by time.

Examples

The following examples use the Random numbers sample data.

{{< expand-wrapper >}} {{% expand "Apply TAN() to a field" %}}

SELECT
  b,
  TAN(b)
FROM numbers
LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply TAN() to each field" %}}

SELECT TAN(*) FROM numbers LIMIT 6

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}}

{{% expand "Apply TAN() to time windows (grouped by time)" %}}

SELECT
  TAN(SUM(a))
FROM numbers
WHERE
  time >= '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z'
  AND time < '2023-01-01T01:00:00Z'
GROUP BY time(10m)

{{% influxql/table-meta %}} name: numbers {{% /influxql/table-meta %}}

{{% /expand %}} {{< /expand-wrapper >}}