Page resources

Page resources are only accessible from page bundles, those directories with index.md or_index.md files at their root. Page resources are only available to the page with which they are bundled.

In this example, first-post is a page bundle with access to 10 page resources including audio, data, documents, images, and video. Although second-post is also a page bundle, it has no page resources and is unable to directly access the page resources associated with first-post.

content
└── post
    ├── first-post
    │   ├── images
    │   │   ├── a.jpg
    │   │   ├── b.jpg
    │   │   └── c.jpg
    │   ├── index.md (root of page bundle)
    │   ├── latest.html
    │   ├── manual.json
    │   ├── notice.md
    │   ├── office.mp3
    │   ├── pocket.mp4
    │   ├── rating.pdf
    │   └── safety.txt
    └── second-post
        └── index.md (root of page bundle)

Examples

Use any of these methods on a Page object to capture page resources:

• Resources.ByType
• Resources.Get
• Resources.GetMatch
• Resources.Match

Once you have captured a resource, use any of the applicable Resource methods to return a value or perform an action.

The following examples assume this content structure:

content/
└── example/
    ├── data/
    │  └── books.json   <-- page resource
    ├── images/
    │  ├── a.jpg        <-- page resource
    │  └── b.jpg        <-- page resource
    ├── snippets/
    │  └── text.md      <-- page resource
    └── index.md

Render a single image, and throw an error if the file does not exist:

{{ $path := "images/a.jpg" }}
{{ with .Resources.Get $path }}
  
{{ else }}
  {{ errorf "Unable to get page resource %q" $path }}
{{ end }}

Render all images, resized to 300 px wide:

{{ range .Resources.ByType "image" }}
  {{ with .Resize "300x" }}
    
  {{ end }}
{{ end }}

Render the markdown snippet:

{{ with .Resources.Get "snippets/text.md" }}
  {{ .Content }}
{{ end }}

List the titles in the data file, and throw an error if the file does not exist.

{{ $path := "data/books.json" }}
{{ with .Resources.Get $path }}
  {{ with . | transform.Unmarshal }}
    <p>Books:</p>
    <ul>
      {{ range . }}
        <li>{{ .title }}</li>
      {{ end }}
    </ul>
  {{ end }}
{{ else }}
  {{ errorf "Unable to get page resource %q" $path }}
{{ end }}

Metadata

The page resources' metadata is managed from the corresponding page's front matter with an array parameter named resources.

[!note] Resources of type page get Title etc. from their own front matter.

src : (string) Required. A glob pattern matching one or more page resources by file path, relative to the page bundle. Matching is case-insensitive. When the pattern matches multiple resources, the same metadata is applied to each.

name : (string) Sets the value returned by Name. Supports the :counter placeholder. After assignment, use name, not the original file path, with Resources.Get, Resources.Match, and Resources.GetMatch.

title : (string) Sets the value returned by Title. Supports the :counter placeholder.

params : (map) A map of custom key-value pairs. When multiple array entries match the same resource, their params maps are merged; later entries take precedence for duplicate keys.

Resources metadata example

{{< code-toggle file=content/example.md fm=true >}} title: Application date: 2018-01-25 resources:

• src: images/sunset.jpg name: header
• src: documents/photo_specs.pdf title: Photo Specifications
• src: documents/guide.pdf title: Instruction Guide
• src: documents/checklist.pdf title: Document Checklist
• src: documents/payment.docx title: Proof of Payment
• src: "**.pdf" name: pdf-file-:counter params: icon: pdf
• src: "**.docx" params: icon: word {{</ code-toggle >}}

From the example above:

• sunset.jpg will receive a new Name and can now be found with .GetMatch "header".
• documents/photo_specs.pdf, documents/guide.pdf, documents/checklist.pdf, and documents/payment.docx will get Title as set by title.
• All PDF files will get the pdf icon and a new Name. The name parameter contains a special placeholder :counter, so the Name will be pdf-file-1, pdf-file-2, pdf-file-3.
• All .docx files will get the word icon.

[!note] For name and title, the first matching array entry wins; later matches are ignored. For params, all matching entries contribute; later entries take precedence for duplicate keys. Place more specific src patterns before broader wildcards to control which name and title values are applied.

The :counter placeholder in name and title

The :counter is a special placeholder recognized in name and title parameters resources.

Each unique src pattern maintains independent counters for name and title, each starting at 1 with the first matching resource.

For example, if a bundle has the resources photo_specs.pdf, other_specs.pdf, guide.pdf and checklist.pdf, and the front matter has specified the resources as:

{{< code-toggle file=content/inspections/engine/index.md fm=true >}} title = 'Engine inspections' [[resources]] src = '*specs.pdf' title = 'Specification #:counter' [[resources]] src = '**.pdf' name = 'pdf-file-:counter.pdf' {{</ code-toggle >}}

the Name and Title will be assigned to the resource files as follows:

Multilingual

By default, with a multilingual single-host project, Hugo does not duplicate shared page during the build.

[!note] This behavior is limited to Markdown content. Shared page resources for other content formats are copied into each language bundle.

Consider this project configuration:

{{< code-toggle file=hugo >}} defaultContentLanguage = 'de' defaultContentLanguageInSubdir = true

[languages.de] label = 'Deutsch' locale = 'de-DE' weight = 1

[languages.en] label = 'English' locale = 'en-US' weight = 2 {{< /code-toggle >}}

And this content:

content/
└── my-bundle/
    ├── a.jpg     <-- shared page resource
    ├── b.jpg     <-- shared page resource
    ├── c.de.jpg
    ├── c.en.jpg
    ├── index.de.md
    └── index.en.md

With v0.122.0 and earlier, Hugo duplicated the shared page resources, creating copies for each language:

public/
├── de/
│   ├── my-bundle/
│   │   ├── a.jpg     <-- shared page resource
│   │   ├── b.jpg     <-- shared page resource
│   │   ├── c.de.jpg
│   │   └── index.html
│   └── index.html
├── en/
│   ├── my-bundle/
│   │   ├── a.jpg     <-- shared page resource (duplicate)
│   │   ├── b.jpg     <-- shared page resource (duplicate)
│   │   ├── c.en.jpg
│   │   └── index.html
│   └── index.html
└── index.html

With v0.123.0 and later, Hugo places the shared resources in the page bundle for the default content language:

public/
├── de/
│   ├── my-bundle/
│   │   ├── a.jpg     <-- shared page resource
│   │   ├── b.jpg     <-- shared page resource
│   │   ├── c.de.jpg
│   │   └── index.html
│   └── index.html
├── en/
│   ├── my-bundle/
│   │   ├── c.en.jpg
│   │   └── index.html
│   └── index.html
└── index.html

This approach reduces build times, storage requirements, bandwidth consumption, and deployment times, ultimately reducing cost.

[!important] To resolve Markdown link and image destinations to the correct location, you must use link and image render hooks that capture the page resource with the Resources.Get method, and then invoke its RelPermalink method.

In its default configuration, Hugo automatically uses the embedded link render hook and the embedded image render hook for multilingual single-host projects, specifically when the duplication of shared page resources feature is disabled. This is the default behavior for such projects. If custom link or image render hooks are defined by your project, modules, or themes, these will be used instead.

You can also configure Hugo to always use the embedded link or image render hook, use it only as a fallback, or never use it. See details.

Although duplicating shared page resources is inefficient, you can enable this feature in your project configuration if desired:

{{< code-toggle file=hugo >}} [markup.goldmark] duplicateResourceFiles = true {{< /code-toggle >}}