This model was released on 2021-06-04 and added to Hugging Face Transformers on 2021-08-31.

GPT-J

Overview

The GPT-J model was released in the kingoflolz/mesh-transformer-jax repository by Ben Wang and Aran Komatsuzaki. It is a GPT-2-like causal language model trained on the Pile dataset.

This model was contributed by Stella Biderman.

Usage tips

To load GPT-J in float32 one would need at least 2x model size RAM: 1x for initial weights and another 1x to load the checkpoint. So for GPT-J it would take at least 48GB RAM to just load the model. To reduce the RAM usage there are a few options. The dtype argument can be used to initialize the model in half-precision on a CUDA device only. There is also a fp16 branch which stores the fp16 weights, which could be used to further minimize the RAM usage:

python

from transformers import GPTJForCausalLM
import torch

model = GPTJForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "EleutherAI/gpt-j-6B",
    revision="float16",
    device_map="auto",
)

The model should fit on 16GB GPU for inference. For training/fine-tuning it would take much more GPU RAM. Adam optimizer for example makes four copies of the model: model, gradients, average and squared average of the gradients. So it would need at least 4x model size GPU memory, even with mixed precision as gradient updates are in fp32. This is not including the activations and data batches, which would again require some more GPU RAM. So one should explore solutions such as DeepSpeed, to train/fine-tune the model. Another option is to use the original codebase to train/fine-tune the model on TPU and then convert the model to Transformers format for inference. Instructions for that could be found here
Although the embedding matrix has a size of 50400, only 50257 entries are used by the GPT-2 tokenizer. These extra tokens are added for the sake of efficiency on TPUs. To avoid the mismatch between embedding matrix size and vocab size, the tokenizer for GPT-J contains 143 extra tokens <|extratoken_1|>...<|extratoken_143|>, so the vocab_size of tokenizer also becomes 50400.

Usage examples

The [~generation.GenerationMixin.generate] method can be used to generate text using GPT-J model.

python

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer


model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-j-6B", device_map="auto")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-j-6B")

prompt = (
    "In a shocking finding, scientists discovered a herd of unicorns living in a remote, "
    "previously unexplored valley, in the Andes Mountains. Even more surprising to the "
    "researchers was the fact that the unicorns spoke perfect English."
)

input_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device).input_ids

gen_tokens = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.9,
    max_length=100,
)
gen_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(gen_tokens)[0]

...or in float16 precision:

python


from transformers import AutoTokenizer, GPTJForCausalLM


model = GPTJForCausalLM.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-j-6B", device_map="auto")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("EleutherAI/gpt-j-6B")

prompt = (
    "In a shocking finding, scientists discovered a herd of unicorns living in a remote, "
    "previously unexplored valley, in the Andes Mountains. Even more surprising to the "
    "researchers was the fact that the unicorns spoke perfect English."
)

input_ids = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to(model.device)

gen_tokens = model.generate(
    input_ids,
    do_sample=True,
    temperature=0.9,
    max_length=100,
)
gen_text = tokenizer.batch_decode(gen_tokens)[0]

Resources

A list of official Hugging Face and community (indicated by 🌎) resources to help you get started with GPT-J. If you're interested in submitting a resource to be included here, please feel free to open a Pull Request and we'll review it! The resource should ideally demonstrate something new instead of duplicating an existing resource.

Description of GPT-J.
A blog on how to Deploy GPT-J 6B for inference using Hugging Face Transformers and Amazon SageMaker.
A blog on how to Accelerate GPT-J inference with DeepSpeed-Inference on GPUs.
A blog post introducing GPT-J-6B: 6B JAX-Based Transformer. 🌎
A notebook for GPT-J-6B Inference Demo. 🌎
Another notebook demonstrating Inference with GPT-J-6B.
Causal language modeling chapter of the 🤗 Hugging Face Course.
[GPTJForCausalLM] is supported by this causal language modeling example script, text generation example script, and notebook.

Documentation resources

GPTJConfig

[[autodoc]] GPTJConfig - all

GPTJModel

[[autodoc]] GPTJModel - forward

GPTJForCausalLM

[[autodoc]] GPTJForCausalLM - forward

GPTJForSequenceClassification

[[autodoc]] GPTJForSequenceClassification - forward

GPTJForQuestionAnswering

[[autodoc]] GPTJForQuestionAnswering - forward