Unlike REST APIs, GraphQL schemas do not use URL-based versioning (like /graphql/v2). Most schema changes are additive and non-breaking: adding new types and new fields does not affect existing queries. Removing a field or changing its nullability, however, is a breaking change.

GraphQL provides two directives to manage the lifecycle of schema elements:

• @deprecated signals that a field is being phased out and consumers should migrate away.
• @requiresOptIn signals that a field is not yet stable and requires explicit consumer consent.

type Query {
  users: [User] @deprecated(reason: "Use the `authors` field instead")
  authors: [User]
  recommendations: [Book] @requiresOptIn(feature: "experimentalRecommendations")
}

Deprecation

You can deprecate output fields, input fields, arguments, and enum values. Deprecated elements remain functional but are flagged in introspection, warning consumers to migrate.

// Types/BookQueries.cs
[QueryType]
public static partial class BookQueries
{
    [GraphQLDeprecated("Use the `authors` field instead")]
    public static User[] GetUsers()
    {
        // ...
    }

    public static User[] GetAuthors()
    {
        // ...
    }
}

The .NET [Obsolete("reason")] attribute works the same way as [GraphQLDeprecated("reason")].

// Types/BookQueriesType.cs
public class BookQueriesType : ObjectType
{
    protected override void Configure(IObjectTypeDescriptor descriptor)
    {
        descriptor.Name(OperationTypeNames.Query);

        descriptor
            .Field("users")
            .Deprecated("Use the `authors` field instead")
            .Resolve(context =>
            {
                // ...
            });
    }
}

Warning: You cannot deprecate non-null arguments or input fields that have no default value. Deprecating a required field would silently break queries that depend on it.

Opt-In Features

While @deprecated marks fields that are going away, @requiresOptIn marks fields that are not yet stable. This is useful for rolling out experimental features, expensive operations, or anything where consumers should make a deliberate choice to use it.

Fields marked with @requiresOptIn are hidden from introspection by default. Consumers opt in by specifying the feature name.

Enabling Opt-In Features

Opt-in feature support is disabled by default. Enable it in your schema options:

// Program.cs
builder
    .AddGraphQL()
    .ModifyOptions(o => o.EnableOptInFeatures = true);

Marking Fields as Opt-In

Apply @requiresOptIn to output fields, input fields, arguments, and enum values. The directive is repeatable, so a single field can require multiple features.

// Types/Session.cs
public class Session
{
    public string Id { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }

    [RequiresOptIn("experimentalInstantApi")]
    public Instant? StartInstant { get; set; }

    [RequiresOptIn("experimentalInstantApi")]
    public Instant? EndInstant { get; set; }
}

// Types/SessionType.cs
public class SessionType : ObjectType<Session>
{
    protected override void Configure(IObjectTypeDescriptor<Session> descriptor)
    {
        descriptor
            .Field(f => f.StartInstant)
            .RequiresOptIn("experimentalInstantApi");

        descriptor
            .Field(f => f.EndInstant)
            .RequiresOptIn("experimentalInstantApi");
    }
}

Warning: Like @deprecated, you cannot apply @requiresOptIn to non-null arguments or input fields without a default value. Hiding a required field would break queries.

Introspection

Consumers discover opt-in fields by passing the includeOptIn argument:

{
  __type(name: "Session") {
    fields(includeOptIn: ["experimentalInstantApi"]) {
      name
      requiresOptIn
    }
  }
}

The includeOptIn argument is available on fields, args, inputFields, and enumValues in introspection queries.

To discover all opt-in features in the schema:

{
  __schema {
    optInFeatures
  }
}

Feature Stability

You can declare the stability level of each opt-in feature. This helps consumers understand whether a feature is experimental, preview, or has some other status.

// Program.cs
builder
    .AddGraphQL()
    .ModifyOptions(o => o.EnableOptInFeatures = true)
    .OptInFeatureStability("experimentalInstantApi", "experimental");

// Program.cs
builder
    .AddGraphQL()
    .ModifyOptions(o => o.EnableOptInFeatures = true)
    .SetSchema(s => s
        .OptInFeatureStability("experimentalInstantApi", "experimental"));

Consumers query feature stability through introspection:

{
  __schema {
    optInFeatureStability {
      feature
      stability
    }
  }
}

Next Steps

• Need to add descriptions? See Documentation.
• Need to create custom directives? See Directives.
• Need to understand schema evolution? See Extending Types.