OpenSandbox Examples

This directory contains various usage examples and best practices for the OpenSandbox Kubernetes Controller.

🎉 Important Update

Starting from version v0.2.0, the Helm chart deploys an agent-pool by default without manual creation!

bash

# Default installation automatically creates agent-pool
helm install opensandbox opensandbox-controller

# View the automatically created Pool
kubectl get pools -n opensandbox

If you don't need the Pool, you can disable it:

bash

helm install opensandbox opensandbox-controller --set pools[0].enabled=false

📁 File List

Pool Examples

File	SDK Compatible	Custom Entrypoint	Purpose
`pool-sdk-compatible.yaml`	✅ Supported	❌ Not Supported	SDK Basic Mode (execd only)
`pool-sdk-with-tasks.yaml`	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	SDK Complete Mode (execd + task-executor)
`pool-agent-production.yaml`	✅ Supported	✅ Supported	🌟 Production-Grade Agent Pool (Recommended)

BatchSandbox Examples

File	Mode	Purpose
`batchsandbox-basic.yaml`	Non-pooled	Direct Pod creation without using Pool
`batchsandbox-with-tasks.yaml`	Pooled	Batch heterogeneous task example

Documentation

File	Content
`README.md`	This document
`pool-examples.md`	Detailed Pool configuration guide

🎯 Core Concepts

❌ Common Misconceptions

Misconception 1: Pool is a pre-created pool of Sandboxes that Agents can reuse Correct: Pool is a Pod pool, not a Sandbox pool

Misconception 2: Need to pre-create BatchSandbox during Helm deployment for Agent use Correct: SDK creates a new BatchSandbox with each create() call, no pre-creation needed

Misconception 3: Pool without execd can work with SDK Correct: SDK requires Pool to contain execd (port 44772)

✅ Correct Understanding

During Helm deployment:
└─> Only create Pool (long-running, maintains pre-warmed Pods)

During SDK runtime:
├─> Agent-1: SDK.create() → Creates BatchSandbox-1 (allocates Pod-1)
├─> Agent-2: SDK.create() → Creates BatchSandbox-2 (allocates Pod-2)
└─> Agent-1: SDK.kill()  → Deletes BatchSandbox-1 (Pod-1 returns to Pool)

Next request:
└─> Agent-3: SDK.create() → Creates BatchSandbox-3 (reuses Pod-1) ← Fast!

Key Points:

✅ Pool maintains Pods (pre-warmed containers)
✅ Each SDK.create() creates a new BatchSandbox
✅ Pods are reused, BatchSandboxes are not
❌ Don't pre-create BatchSandboxes

🚀 Quick Start

Scenario A: Multi-Agent Concurrent Usage (Recommended)

Use Cases: Agent services, Code Interpreter, dynamic workflows

bash

# 1. Install Helm chart (automatically creates agent-pool)
helm install opensandbox opensandbox-controller

# 2. Verify deployment
kubectl get deployment -n opensandbox
kubectl get pool -n opensandbox

# 3. Check Pool status
kubectl get pool agent-pool -n opensandbox -o jsonpath='{.status}' | jq
# Example output:
# {
#   "total": 10,      # Total Pods
#   "allocated": 0,   # Allocated
#   "available": 10   # Available
# }

# 4. View Pool Pods
kubectl get pods -l pool=agent-pool -n opensandbox

SDK Usage:

python

from opensandbox import Sandbox
from opensandbox.config import ConnectionConfig
from datetime import timedelta

async def handle_agent_request(agent_id: str, task: str):
    """Create a new sandbox for each Agent request"""
    # SDK.create() will allocate a Pod from agent-pool
    sandbox = await Sandbox.create(
        "nginx:latest",  # Will be ignored, uses image from Pool
        entrypoint=["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep infinity"],
        env={"AGENT_ID": agent_id},
        timeout=timedelta(hours=1),
        connection_config=ConnectionConfig(domain="<server-ip>:8088"),
        extensions={"poolRef": "agent-pool"}  # Use default agent-pool
    )

    try:
        # Use sandbox
        result = await sandbox.commands.run(task)
        return result
    finally:
        # Delete BatchSandbox, Pod returns to Pool
        await sandbox.kill()

Scenario B: Custom Pool Capacity (High Concurrency Scenarios)

If you need higher concurrency capacity, override default capacity parameters using --set:

bash

# Use configuration optimized for multiple Agents (bufferMin: 50, poolMax: 300)
helm install opensandbox opensandbox-controller \
  --set pools[0].capacitySpec.bufferMin=50 \
  --set pools[0].capacitySpec.bufferMax=100 \
  --set pools[0].capacitySpec.poolMin=50 \
  --set pools[0].capacitySpec.poolMax=300

Scenario C: Batch Task Execution (kubectl)

Use Cases: RL training, stress testing, batch data processing

bash

# 1. Ensure Pool is deployed (automatically created by default)
kubectl get pool agent-pool -n opensandbox

# 2. Create BatchSandbox to execute batch tasks
kubectl apply -f batchsandbox-with-tasks.yaml

# 3. View task execution status
kubectl get batchsandbox task-batch-sandbox -n opensandbox -o wide

# 4. View task logs
POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l batchsandbox=task-batch-sandbox -n opensandbox -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
kubectl logs $POD_NAME -c sandbox-container -n opensandbox
kubectl logs $POD_NAME -c task-executor -n opensandbox

# 5. Automatic cleanup after task completion (ttlSecondsAfterFinished)

Scenario D: Non-pooled Direct Creation

Use Cases: Testing environments, special image requirements

bash

# Directly create BatchSandbox (without using Pool)
kubectl apply -f batchsandbox-basic.yaml

# View created Pods
kubectl get pods -l batchsandbox=basic-batch-sandbox -n opensandbox

📊 Pool Configuration Type Comparison

Type 1: SDK Pool (Basic) - pool-sdk-compatible.yaml

yaml

# ✅ SDK compatible - contains execd only
# ❌ Does not support custom entrypoint
initContainers:
- name: execd-installer
  image: opensandbox/execd:v1.0.5
containers:
- name: sandbox-container
  command: ["/opt/opensandbox/bin/bootstrap.sh", "nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
  ports:
  - containerPort: 44772
    name: execd

SDK Usage:

python

sandbox = await Sandbox.create(
    "nginx:latest",
    # ❌ Cannot pass entrypoint
    env={"VAR": "value"},  # ✅ Can pass environment variables
    extensions={"poolRef": "sdk-pool"}
)

Type 2: Task Pool (Complete) - pool-agent-production.yaml (Recommended)

yaml

# ✅ SDK compatible - contains execd + task-executor
# ✅ Supports custom entrypoint
spec:
  shareProcessNamespace: true  # Required by task-executor
  initContainers:
  - name: execd-installer
    image: opensandbox/execd:v1.0.5
  containers:
  - name: sandbox-container
    command: ["/opt/opensandbox/bin/bootstrap.sh", "sleep", "infinity"]
    ports:
    - containerPort: 44772
      name: execd
  - name: task-executor  # Add task-executor sidecar
    image: opensandbox/task-executor:dev
    securityContext:
      capabilities:
        add: ["SYS_PTRACE"]

SDK Usage (with custom entrypoint):

python

sandbox = await Sandbox.create(
    "nginx:latest",
    entrypoint=["/bin/sh", "-c", "custom command"],  # ✅ Can customize
    env={"VAR": "value"},
    extensions={"poolRef": "agent-pool"}
)

🔍 Monitoring and Debugging

Monitor Pool Utilization

bash

# Real-time monitoring
watch kubectl get pool agent-pool -o jsonpath='{.status}' | jq

# View detailed information
kubectl describe pool agent-pool

# View Pool Pod list
kubectl get pods -l pool=agent-pool -o wide

Optimization Recommendations:

If available is frequently 0 → Increase bufferMax
If available is always close to total → Decrease bufferMin
If total frequently reaches poolMax → Increase poolMax or optimize Agent usage

Verify Pool Configuration

bash

# Check if Pod contains execd
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c sandbox-container -- ps aux | grep execd

# Check execd port
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c sandbox-container -- nc -zv localhost 44772

# Check task-executor (if present)
kubectl get pods -l pool=agent-pool -o jsonpath='{.items[0].spec.containers[*].name}'
# Output should include: sandbox-container task-executor

View BatchSandbox Status

bash

# List all BatchSandboxes
kubectl get batchsandboxes

# View detailed status
kubectl describe batchsandbox <name>

# View task execution statistics
kubectl get batchsandbox -o custom-columns=\
NAME:.metadata.name,\
REPLICAS:.spec.replicas,\
RUNNING:.status.taskRunning,\
SUCCEED:.status.taskSucceed,\
FAILED:.status.taskFailed

🛠️ Troubleshooting

Pool Pod Fails to Start

bash

# View Pod events
kubectl describe pod <pod-name>

# View container logs
kubectl logs <pod-name> -c sandbox-container
kubectl logs <pod-name> -c task-executor  # If present

# Check image pull
kubectl describe pod <pod-name> | grep -A 5 Events

SDK Sandbox Creation Timeout

Symptom: SDK error Health check timeout

Possible Causes:

Pool doesn't have execd → Use pool-agent-production.yaml
execd not started → Check execd process in Pod
Network issues → Check network connectivity between Server and Pod

Troubleshooting Steps:

bash

# 1. Confirm Pool contains execd
kubectl get pool agent-pool -o yaml | grep -A 10 initContainers

# 2. Check execd process
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c sandbox-container -- ps aux | grep execd

# 3. Check execd port
kubectl exec -it <pod-name> -c sandbox-container -- nc -zv localhost 44772

# 4. View Server logs
kubectl logs -l app=opensandbox-server -n opensandbox

task-executor Permission Issues

bash

# Check security context
kubectl get pod <pod-name> -o yaml | grep -A 10 securityContext

# Should contain:
# capabilities:
#   add: ["SYS_PTRACE"]

# Check process namespace sharing
kubectl get pod <pod-name> -o jsonpath='{.spec.shareProcessNamespace}'
# Should output: true

📦 Capacity Planning Recommendations

Plan Pool capacity based on concurrent Agent count:

Concurrent Agents	bufferMin	bufferMax	poolMin	poolMax	Description
1-10	2	5	2	20	Small-scale testing
10-50	10	20	10	100	Small to medium applications
50-200	50	100	50	300	Medium to large applications
200+	100	200	100	500	Large-scale production

Parameter Descriptions:

bufferMin: Minimum buffer, ensures fast response
bufferMax: Maximum buffer, controls pre-warming cost
poolMin: Minimum capacity during low traffic periods
poolMax: Maximum capacity during peak periods

Cost Optimization:

Low traffic periods: Pool scales down to poolMin, saving resources
Peak periods: Pool expands to poolMax, ensuring response speed
Buffer zone: bufferMin ensures fast response, bufferMax avoids excessive pre-warming

In-depth Analysis Documents

Pool Usage Guide: /data/home/cz/sandbox-test/pool-analysis/opensandbox_pool_usage_guide.md
Architecture Diagrams: /data/home/cz/sandbox-test/pool-analysis/pool_architecture.txt
Verification Test Scripts: /data/home/cz/sandbox-test/pool-analysis/test_pool_behavior.py

Helm Deployment Configuration

Main values configuration: /data/home/cz/OpenSandbox/kubernetes/helm-chart/values.yaml
E2E test configuration: /data/home/cz/OpenSandbox/kubernetes/helm-chart/values-e2e.yaml
Main README: /data/home/cz/OpenSandbox/kubernetes/README.md

API Reference

bash

# View Pool CRD definition
kubectl explain pool
kubectl explain pool.spec
kubectl explain pool.spec.capacitySpec

# View BatchSandbox CRD definition
kubectl explain batchsandbox
kubectl explain batchsandbox.spec
kubectl explain batchsandbox.spec.taskTemplate

🧹 Resource Cleanup

bash

# Delete BatchSandbox
kubectl delete batchsandbox --all -n default

# Delete Pool (automatically cleans up related Pods)
kubectl delete pool --all -n default

# Delete all resources in namespace
kubectl delete all --all -n default

💡 Best Practices Summary

Pool is a Pod pool, not a Sandbox pool
SDK creates a new BatchSandbox with each create() call
No need to pre-create BatchSandboxes for reuse
Only create Pool during Helm deployment
Dynamically create/delete BatchSandboxes at runtime
Configure Pool capacity parameters appropriately to optimize cost and performance
Use pool-agent-production.yaml as production environment template

🔗 More Examples

Detailed Pool configuration guide: See pool-examples.md
SDK integration examples: See "Quick Start" section in this document
Helm Chart configuration: See values.yaml and values-e2e.yaml

OpenSandbox Examples

OpenSandbox Examples

🎉 Important Update

📁 File List

Pool Examples

BatchSandbox Examples

Documentation

🎯 Core Concepts

❌ Common Misconceptions

✅ Correct Understanding

🚀 Quick Start

Scenario A: Multi-Agent Concurrent Usage (Recommended)

Scenario B: Custom Pool Capacity (High Concurrency Scenarios)

Scenario C: Batch Task Execution (kubectl)

Scenario D: Non-pooled Direct Creation

📊 Pool Configuration Type Comparison

Type 1: SDK Pool (Basic) - pool-sdk-compatible.yaml

Type 2: Task Pool (Complete) - pool-agent-production.yaml (Recommended)

🔍 Monitoring and Debugging

Monitor Pool Utilization

Verify Pool Configuration

View BatchSandbox Status

🛠️ Troubleshooting

Pool Pod Fails to Start

SDK Sandbox Creation Timeout

task-executor Permission Issues

📦 Capacity Planning Recommendations

📚 Related Documentation

In-depth Analysis Documents

Helm Deployment Configuration

API Reference

🧹 Resource Cleanup

💡 Best Practices Summary

🔗 More Examples