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6.4. 常见词根词缀

1000-hours/sounds-of-american-english/6.4-parts-of-words.md

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6.4. 常见词根词缀

英文的词根大多来自拉丁语；而常用词缀，包括前缀和后缀 —— 它们都是表意的。

6.4.1. 常见前缀

<div class="two-column">
  1. un- (not, opposite of)
  • unhappy <span class="pho alt">ʌnˈhæp.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/unhappy-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/unhappy-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • unknown <span class="pho alt">ʌnˈnoʊn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/unknown-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/unknown-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • unusual <span class="pho alt">ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/unusual-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/unusual-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. re- (again, back)
  • redo <span class="pho alt">riːˈduː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/redo-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/redo-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • review <span class="pho alt">rɪˈvjuː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/review-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/review-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • return <span class="pho alt">rɪˈtɝːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/return-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/return-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. in- (not, into)
  • incomplete <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.kəmˈpliːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/incomplete-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/incomplete-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • invisible <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/invisible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/invisible-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • inside <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈsaɪd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/inside-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/inside-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. dis- (not, opposite of)
  • disagree <span class="pho alt">ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/disagree-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/disagree-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • disappear <span class="pho alt">ˌdɪs.əˈpɪr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/disappear-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/disappear-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • disconnect <span class="pho alt">ˌdɪs.kəˈnekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/disconnect-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/disconnect-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. pre- (before)
  • preview <span class="pho alt">ˈpriː.vjuː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/preview-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/preview-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • predict <span class="pho alt">prɪˈdɪkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/predict-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/predict-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • preschool <span class="pho alt">ˈpriː.skuːl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/preschool-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/preschool-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. mis- (wrongly)
  • misunderstand <span class="pho alt">ˌmɪs.ʌn.dɚˈstænd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/misunderstand-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/misunderstand-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • misplace <span class="pho alt">ˌmɪsˈpleɪs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/misplace-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/misplace-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • mislead <span class="pho alt">ˌmɪsˈliːd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/mislead-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/mislead-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. non- (not)
  • nonstick <span class="pho alt">ˌnɑːnˈstɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nonstick-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nonstick-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • nonprofit <span class="pho alt">nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nonprofit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nonprofit-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • nonviolent <span class="pho alt">ˌnɑːnˈvaɪə.lənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nonviolent-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nonviolent-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. over- (too much)
  • overeat <span class="pho alt">ˌoʊ.vɚˈiːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/overeat-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/overeat-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • overwork <span class="pho alt">ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɝːk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/overwork-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/overwork-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • overheat <span class="pho alt">ˌoʊ.vɚˈhiːt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/overheat-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/overheat-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. sub- (under)
  • submarine <span class="pho alt">ˌsʌb.məˈriːn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/submarine-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/submarine-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • subtitle <span class="pho alt">ˈsʌbˌtaɪ.t̬əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/subtitle-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/subtitle-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • subconscious <span class="pho alt">ˌsʌbˈkɑːn.ʃəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/subconscious-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/subconscious-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. inter- (between, among)
  • international <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈnæʃ.ən.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/international-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/international-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • interact <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈækt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/interact-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/interact-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • interrupt <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.t̬əˈrʌpt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/interrupt-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/interrupt-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. trans- (across, beyond)
  • transport <span class="pho alt">ˈtræn.spɔːrt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/transport-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/transport-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • transfer <span class="pho alt">ˈtræns.fɝː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/transfer-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/transfer-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • transform <span class="pho alt">trænsˈfɔːrm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/transform-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/transform-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. under- (too little, below)
  • underpaid <span class="pho alt">ˌʌn.dɚˈpeɪd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/underpaid-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/underpaid-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • underestimate <span class="pho alt">ˌʌn.dɚˈes.tə.meɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/underestimate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/underestimate-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • underground <span class="pho alt">ˌʌn.dɚˈɡraʊnd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/underground-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/underground-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. super- (above, beyond)
  • superhuman <span class="pho alt">ˌsuː.pɚˈhjuː.mən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/superhuman-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/superhuman-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • supermarket <span class="pho alt">ˈsuː.pɚˌmɑːr.kɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/supermarket-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/supermarket-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • supervisor <span class="pho alt">ˈsuː.pɚ.vaɪ.zɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/supervisor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/supervisor-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. semi- (half, partly)
  • semicircle <span class="pho alt">ˈsem.iˌsɝː.kəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/semicircle-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/semicircle-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • semifinal <span class="pho alt">ˌsem.iˈfaɪ.nəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/semifinal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/semifinal-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • semiconscious <span class="pho alt">ˌsem.aɪ.ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/semiconscious-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/semiconscious-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. anti- (against)
  • antibiotic <span class="pho alt">ˌæn.t̬i.baɪˈɑː.t̬ɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/antibiotic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/antibiotic-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • antifreeze <span class="pho alt">ˈæn.t̬i.friːz</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/antifreeze-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/antifreeze-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • antisocial <span class="pho alt">ˌæn.t̬iˈsoʊ.ʃəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/antisocial-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/antisocial-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. de- (down, away from)
  • devalue <span class="pho alt">ˌdiːˈvæl.juː</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/devalue-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/devalue-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • defrost <span class="pho alt">ˌdiːˈfrɑːst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/defrost-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/defrost-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • decode <span class="pho alt">diːˈkoʊd</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/decode-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/decode-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. en- (make, put into)
  • enable <span class="pho alt">ɪˈneɪ.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/enable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/enable-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • enrich <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈrɪtʃ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/enrich-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/enrich-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • encourage <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈkɝː.ɪdʒ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/encourage-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/encourage-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. em- (cause to)
  • empower <span class="pho alt">-ˈpaʊr</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/empower-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/empower-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • embrace <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈbreɪs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/embrace-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/embrace-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • employ <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈplɔɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/employ-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/employ-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. non- (not)
  • nonexistent <span class="pho alt">ˌnɑn·ɪɡˈzɪs·tənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nonexistent-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nonexistent-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • nonsense <span class="pho alt">ˈnɑːn.sens</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nonsense-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nonsense-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • nonprofit <span class="pho alt">nɑnˈprɑf·ɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nonprofit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nonprofit-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. mid- (middle)
  • midnight <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪd.naɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/midnight-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/midnight-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • midterm <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪd.tɝːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/midterm-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/midterm-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • midfield <span class="pho alt">ˈmɪd.fiːld</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/midfield-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/midfield-us-female.mp3"></span>

6.4.2. 常见后缀

  1. -able (capable of)
  • readable <span class="pho alt">ˈriː.də.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/readable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/readable-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • manageable <span class="pho alt">ˈmæn.ə.dʒə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/manageable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/manageable-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • comfortable <span class="pho alt">ˈkʌm.fɚ.t̬ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/comfortable-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/comfortable-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ible (capable of)
  • visible <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪz.ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/visible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/visible-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • flexible <span class="pho alt">ˈflek.sə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/flexible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/flexible-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • edible <span class="pho alt">ˈed.ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/edible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/edible-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -al (relating to)
  • natural <span class="pho alt">ˈnætʃ.ɚ.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/natural-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/natural-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • musical <span class="pho alt">ˈmjuː.zɪ.kəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/musical-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/musical-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • personal <span class="pho alt">ˈpɝː.sən.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/personal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/personal-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ful (full of)
  • helpful <span class="pho alt">ˈhelp.fəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/helpful-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/helpful-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • joyful <span class="pho alt">ˈdʒɔɪ.fəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/joyful-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/joyful-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • careful <span class="pho alt">ˈker.fəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/careful-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/careful-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -less (without)
  • hopeless <span class="pho alt">ˈhoʊp.ləs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/hopeless-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/hopeless-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • fearless <span class="pho alt">ˈfɪr.ləs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/fearless-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/fearless-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • endless <span class="pho alt">ˈend.ləs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/endless-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/endless-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ly (in the manner of)
  • quickly <span class="pho alt">ˈkwɪk.li</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/quickly-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/quickly-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • slowly <span class="pho alt">ˈsloʊ.li</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/slowly-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/slowly-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • happily <span class="pho alt">ˈhæp.əl.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/happily-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/happily-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ment (action or process)
  • development <span class="pho alt">dɪˈvel.əp.mənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/development-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/development-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • agreement <span class="pho alt">əˈɡriː.mənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/agreement-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/agreement-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • improvement <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈpruːv.mənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/improvement-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/improvement-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ness (state or quality)
  • kindness <span class="pho alt">ˈkaɪnd.nəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/kindness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/kindness-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • darkness <span class="pho alt">ˈdɑːrk.nəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/darkness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/darkness-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • happiness <span class="pho alt">ˈhæp.i.nəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/happiness-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/happiness-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -er (one who, comparative)
  • teacher <span class="pho alt">ˈtiː.tʃɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/teacher-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/teacher-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • runner <span class="pho alt">ˈrʌn.ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/runner-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/runner-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • faster <span class="pho alt">fæst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/faster-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/faster-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -or (one who)
  • actor <span class="pho alt">ˈæk.tɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/actor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/actor-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • inventor <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈven.t̬ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/inventor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/inventor-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • conductor <span class="pho alt">kənˈdʌk.tɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/conductor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/conductor-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ist (one who practices)
  • artist <span class="pho alt">ˈɑːr.t̬ɪst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/artist-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/artist-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • scientist <span class="pho alt">ˈsaɪən.tɪst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/scientist-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/scientist-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • pianist <span class="pho alt">ˈpiː.ən.ɪst</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/pianist-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/pianist-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ion (action or condition)
  • celebration <span class="pho alt">ˌsel.əˈbreɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/celebration-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/celebration-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • decision <span class="pho alt">dɪˈsɪʒ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/decision-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/decision-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • creation <span class="pho alt">kriˈeɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/creation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/creation-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -tion (action or condition)
  • education <span class="pho alt">ˌedʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/education-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/education-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • suggestion <span class="pho alt">səˈdʒes.tʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/suggestion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/suggestion-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • transportation <span class="pho alt">ˌtræn.spɚˈteɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/transportation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/transportation-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -sion (state or condition)
  • admission <span class="pho alt">ədˈmɪʃ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/admission-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/admission-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • confusion <span class="pho alt">kənˈfjuː.ʒən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/confusion-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/confusion-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • extension <span class="pho alt">ɪkˈsten.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/extension-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/extension-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ous (full of)
  • dangerous <span class="pho alt">ˈdeɪn.dʒɚ.əs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dangerous-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dangerous-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • nervous <span class="pho alt">ˈnɝː.vəs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/nervous-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/nervous-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • famous <span class="pho alt">ˈfeɪ.məs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/famous-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/famous-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ive (tending to)
  • active <span class="pho alt">ˈæk.tɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/active-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/active-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • creative <span class="pho alt">kriˈeɪ.t̬ɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/creative-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/creative-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • attractive <span class="pho alt">əˈtræk.tɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/attractive-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/attractive-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ic (relating to)
  • artistic <span class="pho alt">ɑːrˈtɪs.tɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/artistic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/artistic-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • athletic <span class="pho alt">æθˈlet̬.ɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/athletic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/athletic-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • energetic <span class="pho alt">ˌen.ɚˈdʒet̬.ɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/energetic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/energetic-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ity (state or quality)
  • reality <span class="pho alt">riˈæl.ə.t̬i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/reality-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/reality-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • ability <span class="pho alt">əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/ability-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/ability-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • simplicity <span class="pho alt">sɪmˈplɪs.ə.t̬i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/simplicity-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/simplicity-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ance (state or quality)
  • performance <span class="pho alt">pɚˈfɔːr.məns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/performance-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/performance-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • importance <span class="pho alt">ɪmˈpɔːr.təns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/importance-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/importance-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • acceptance <span class="pho alt">əkˈsep.təns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/acceptance-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/acceptance-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. -ence (state or quality)
  • difference <span class="pho alt">ˈdɪf.ɚ.əns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/difference-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/difference-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • independence <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dəns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/independence-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/independence-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • existence <span class="pho alt">ɪɡˈzɪs.təns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/existence-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/existence-us-female.mp3"></span>
</div>

6.4.3. 常见词根

<div class="two-column">
  1. aqua (water)
  • aquarium <span class="pho alt">əˈkwer.i.əm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/aquarium-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/aquarium-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • aquatic <span class="pho alt">əˈkwæt̬.ɪk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/aquatic-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/aquatic-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • aqueduct <span class="pho alt">ˈæk.wə.dʌkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/aqueduct-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/aqueduct-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. aud (hear)
  • audience <span class="pho alt">ˈɑː.di.əns</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/audience-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/audience-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • audio <span class="pho alt">ˈɑː.di.oʊ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/audio-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/audio-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • audition <span class="pho alt">ɑːˈdɪʃ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/audition-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/audition-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. bene (good, well)
  • benefit <span class="pho alt">ˈben.ə.fɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/benefit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/benefit-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • benevolent <span class="pho alt">bəˈnev.əl.ənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/benevolent-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/benevolent-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • benefactor <span class="pho alt">ˈben.ə.fæk.tɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/benefactor-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/benefactor-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. cent (hundred)
  • century <span class="pho alt">ˈsen.tʃər.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/century-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/century-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • percent <span class="pho alt">pɚˈsent</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/percent-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/percent-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • centennial <span class="pho alt">senˈten.i.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/centennial-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/centennial-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. dict (say, speak)
  • dictionary <span class="pho alt">ˈdɪk.ʃən.er.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dictionary-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dictionary-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • predict <span class="pho alt">prɪˈdɪkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/predict-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/predict-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • dictate <span class="pho alt">ˈdɪk.teɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dictate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dictate-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. duc (lead)
  • conduct <span class="pho alt">kənˈdʌkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/conduct-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/conduct-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • produce <span class="pho alt">prəˈduːs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/produce-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/produce-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • reduce <span class="pho alt">rɪˈduːs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/reduce-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/reduce-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. fract (break)
  • fracture <span class="pho alt">ˈfræk.tʃɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/fracture-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/fracture-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • fraction <span class="pho alt">ˈfræk.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/fraction-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/fraction-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • infraction <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈfræk.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/infraction-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/infraction-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. ject (throw)
  • project <span class="pho alt">ˈprɑː.dʒekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/project-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/project-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • inject <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈdʒekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/inject-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/inject-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • reject <span class="pho alt">rɪˈdʒekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/reject-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/reject-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. jud (judge)
  • judicial <span class="pho alt">dʒuːˈdɪʃ.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/judicial-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/judicial-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • prejudice <span class="pho alt">ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/prejudice-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/prejudice-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • judgment <span class="pho alt">ˈdʒʌdʒ.mənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/judgment-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/judgment-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. mal (bad, ill)
  • malnutrition <span class="pho alt">ˌmæl.nuːˈtrɪʃ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/malnutrition-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/malnutrition-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • malicious <span class="pho alt">məˈlɪʃ.əs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/malicious-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/malicious-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • malfunction <span class="pho alt">ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/malfunction-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/malfunction-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. mater (mother)
  • maternal <span class="pho alt">məˈtɝː.nəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/maternal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/maternal-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • maternity <span class="pho alt">məˈtɝː.nə.t̬i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/maternity-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/maternity-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • matriarch <span class="pho alt">ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑːrk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/matriarch-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/matriarch-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. mit (send)
  • transmit <span class="pho alt">trænsˈmɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/transmit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/transmit-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • admit <span class="pho alt">ədˈmɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/admit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/admit-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • submit <span class="pho alt">səbˈmɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/submit-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/submit-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. mort (death)
  • mortal <span class="pho alt">ˈmɔːr.t̬əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/mortal-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/mortal-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • mortician <span class="pho alt">mɔːrˈtɪʃ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/mortician-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/mortician-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • mortify <span class="pho alt">ˈmɔːr.t̬ə.faɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/mortify-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/mortify-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. multi (many)
  • multiple <span class="pho alt">ˈmʌl.tə.pəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/multiple-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/multiple-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • multiply <span class="pho alt">ˈmʌl.tə.plaɪ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/multiply-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/multiply-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • multinational <span class="pho alt">ˌmʌl.t̬iˈnæʃ.ən.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/multinational-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/multinational-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. pend (hang, weigh)
  • pendant <span class="pho alt">ˈpen.dənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/pendant-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/pendant-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • suspend <span class="pho alt">səˈspend</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/suspend-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/suspend-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • depend <span class="pho alt">dɪˈpend</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/depend-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/depend-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. port (carry)
  • transport <span class="pho alt">ˈtræn.spɔːrt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/transport-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/transport-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • export <span class="pho alt">ˈek.spɔːrt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/export-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/export-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • import <span class="pho alt">ˈɪm.pɔːrt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/import-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/import-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. scrib/script (write)
  • describe <span class="pho alt">dɪˈskraɪb</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/describe-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/describe-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • manuscript <span class="pho alt">ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/manuscript-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/manuscript-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • subscription <span class="pho alt">səbˈskrɪp.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/subscription-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/subscription-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. sect/sec (cut)
  • section <span class="pho alt">ˈsek.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/section-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/section-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • dissect <span class="pho alt">daɪˈsekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/dissect-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/dissect-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • intersect <span class="pho alt">ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈsekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/intersect-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/intersect-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. sent/sens (feel)
  • sensation <span class="pho alt">senˈseɪ.ʃən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sensation-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sensation-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • sensitive <span class="pho alt">ˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sensitive-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sensitive-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • consent <span class="pho alt">kənˈsent</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/consent-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/consent-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. spec/spect (look)
  • inspect <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈspekt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/inspect-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/inspect-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • spectator <span class="pho alt">spekˈteɪ.t̬ɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/spectator-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/spectator-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • spectacle <span class="pho alt">ˈspek.tə.kəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/spectacle-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/spectacle-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. struct (build)
  • construct <span class="pho alt">kənˈstrʌkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/construct-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/construct-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • structure <span class="pho alt">ˈstrʌk.tʃɚ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/structure-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/structure-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • destruct <span class="pho alt">ˌself.dɪˈstrʌkt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/destruct-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/destruct-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. tele (far)
  • telephone <span class="pho alt">ˈtel.ə.foʊn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/telephone-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/telephone-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • television <span class="pho alt">ˈtel.ə.vɪʒ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/television-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/television-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • telegraph <span class="pho alt">ˈtel.ə.ɡræf</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/telegraph-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/telegraph-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. terra (earth)
  • terrestrial <span class="pho alt">təˈres.tri.əl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/terrestrial-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/terrestrial-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • territory <span class="pho alt">ˈter.ə.tɔːr.i</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/territory-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/territory-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • terrain <span class="pho alt">təˈreɪn</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/terrain-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/terrain-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. vac (empty)
  • vacant <span class="pho alt">ˈveɪ.kənt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/vacant-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/vacant-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • vacuum <span class="pho alt">ˈvæk.juːm</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/vacuum-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/vacuum-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • evacuate <span class="pho alt">ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/evacuate-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/evacuate-us-female.mp3"></span>
  1. vid/vis (see)
  • video <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪd.i.oʊ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/video-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/video-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • vision <span class="pho alt">ˈvɪʒ.ən</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/vision-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/vision-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • invisible <span class="pho alt">ɪnˈvɪz.ə.bəl</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/invisible-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/invisible-us-female.mp3"></span>
</div>