3.2.6. <span class="pho">θ/ð</span>

对很多人来说，<span class="pho">θ/ð</span> 相对较难 —— 主要是因为很多语言中没有这两个音，比如，中日韩都一样，都没有这两个音。

3.2.6.1. 示例

<table> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"><strong>British</strong></td> <td colspan="2"><strong>American</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>D.J.</td> <td>例词（Example）</td> <td>IPA</td> <td>例词（Example）</td> </tr> <tr> <td><span class="pho">θ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_think_2023feb.mp3"></span></td> <td><b>th</b>ank <span class="pho alt">θæŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/thank-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/thank-uk-male.mp3"></span></td> <td><span class="pho">θ</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_think_2023feb.mp3"></span></td> <td><b>th</b>ank <span class="pho alt">θæŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/thank-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/thank-us-male.mp3"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span class="pho">ð</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/uk_phonetics_sound_this_2023feb.mp3"></span></td> <td><b>th</b>is <span class="pho alt">ðɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-uk-female="/audios/this-uk-female.mp3" data-audio-uk-male="/audios/this-uk-male.mp3"></span></td> <td><span class="pho">ð</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/us_phonetics_sound_this_2023feb.mp3"></span></td> <td><b>th</b>is <span class="pho alt">ðɪs</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-female="/audios/this-us-female.mp3" data-audio-us-male="/audios/this-us-male.mp3"></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

3.2.6.2. 舌尖起始位置

<table> <tbody> <tr> <td></img></td> <td></img></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

虽然，学校里的英语老师们都强调说，发这两个音的时候要用牙齿咬住一点点舌尖再发声，也就是说，舌尖要伸出牙齿一点点 —— 这么做当然发声更为清楚，在读单个音节或词汇的时候尤为明显……

但是，在连贯的自然语流之中，会有大量处于非重音位置的 <span class="pho">θ/ð</span> 发声时舌尖起始位置并没有伸到牙齿之外，只是贴在牙齿上而已 —— 即，位置 ①。反过来，即便是处于重音位置的 <span class="pho">θ/ð</span>, 也一样可以把发声动作简化一下，只要把舌尖贴到牙齿上，而后开始发音即可。

最初练习的时候，可以借助 <span class="pho">s/z</span> 作为辅助:

• 先发 <span class="pho">s</span> 的音，而后，把舌尖往前推一点点就接触到了牙齿，然后以与 <span class="pho">s</span> 同样的方式发音，就能听到 <span class="pho">θ</span>；然后分别说两个词 sink <span class="pho alt">sɪŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/sink-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/sink-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 think <span class="pho alt">θɪŋk</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/think-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/think-us-female.mp3"></span>……
• 先发 <span class="pho">z</span> 的音，而后，把舌尖往前推一点点就接触到了牙齿，然后以与 <span class="pho">z</span> 同样的方式发音，就能听到 <span class="pho">ð</span>；然后分别说两个词 zed <span class="pho alt">zed</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/zed-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/zed-us-female.mp3"></span> 和 that <span class="pho alt">ðæt</span><span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/that-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/that-us-female.mp3"></span>……

3.2.6.3. 常见拼写

<span class="pho">θ</span>

• th
  • think <span class="pho alt">θɪŋk</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/think-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/think-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • bath <span class="pho alt">bæθ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/bath-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/bath-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • wealth <span class="pho alt">welθ</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/wealth-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/wealth-us-female.mp3"></span>

<span class="pho">ð</span>

• th
  • this <span class="pho alt">ðɪs</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/this-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/this-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • then <span class="pho alt">ðen</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/then-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/then-us-female.mp3"></span>
  • with <span class="pho alt">wɪð</span> <span class="speak-word-inline" data-audio-us-male="/audios/with-us-male.mp3" data-audio-us-female="/audios/with-us-female.mp3"></span>