SQLite column types

import Section from '@mdx/Section.astro'; import Callout from '@mdx/Callout.astro';

Based on the official SQLite docs, each value stored in an SQLite database (or manipulated by the database engine) has one of the following storage classes NULL, INTEGER, REAL, TEXT and BLOB.

We have native support for all of them, yet if that's not enough for you, feel free to create custom types.

You can use database aliases in column names if you want, and you can also use the casing parameter to define a mapping strategy for Drizzle.

You can read more about it here </Callout>

Integer

A signed integer, stored in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 bytes depending on the magnitude of the value.

const table = sqliteTable('table', { id: integer() });

// you can customize integer mode to be number, boolean, timestamp, timestamp_ms integer({ mode: 'number' }) integer({ mode: 'boolean' }) integer({ mode: 'timestamp_ms' }) integer({ mode: 'timestamp' }) // Date

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`id` integer
);

Real

A floating point value, stored as an 8-byte IEEE floating point number.

const table = sqliteTable('table', { real: real() });

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`real` real
);

Text

A text string, stored using the database encoding (UTF-8, UTF-16BE or UTF-16LE).

const table = sqliteTable('table', { text: text() });

// will be inferred as text: "value1" | "value2" | null text({ enum: ["value1", "value2"] }) text({ mode: 'json' }) text({ mode: 'json' }).$type<{ foo: string }>()

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`text` text
);

Blob

A blob of data, stored exactly as it was input.

All JSON functions currently throw an error if any of their arguments are BLOBs because BLOBs 
are reserved for a future enhancement in which BLOBs will store the binary encoding for JSON.

See **https://www.sqlite.org/json1.html**.

const table = sqliteTable('table', { blob: blob() });

blob() blob({ mode: 'buffer' }) blob({ mode: 'bigint' })

blob({ mode: 'json' }) blob({ mode: 'json' }).$type<{ foo: string }>()

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`blob` blob
);

You can specify .$type<..>() for blob inference, it won't check runtime values. It provides compile time protection for default values, insert and select schemas.

// will be inferred as { foo: string }
json: blob({ mode: 'json' }).$type<{ foo: string }>();

// will be inferred as string[]
json: blob({ mode: 'json' }).$type<string[]>();

// won't compile
json: blob({ mode: 'json' }).$type<string[]>().default({});

Boolean

SQLite does not have native boolean data type, yet you can specify integer column to be in a boolean mode. This allows you to operate boolean values in your code and Drizzle stores them as 0 and 1 integer values in the database.

const table = sqliteTable('table', { id: integer({ mode: 'boolean' }) });

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`id` integer
);

Bigint

Since there is no bigint data type in SQLite, Drizzle offers a special bigint mode for blob columns. This mode allows you to work with BigInt instances in your code, and Drizzle stores them as blob values in the database.

const table = sqliteTable('table', { id: blob({ mode: 'bigint' }) });

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`id` blob
);

Numeric

const table = sqliteTable('table', { numeric: numeric(), numericNum: numeric({ mode: 'number' }), numericBig: numeric({ mode: 'bigint' }), });

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`numeric` numeric,
	`numericNum` numeric,
	`numericBig` numeric
);

---

Customizing data type

Every column builder has a .$type() method, which allows you to customize the data type of the column. This is useful, for example, with unknown or branded types.

type UserId = number & { __brand: 'user_id' };
type Data = {
	foo: string;
	bar: number;
};

const users = sqliteTable('users', {
  id: integer().$type<UserId>().primaryKey(),
  jsonField: blob().$type<Data>(),
});

Not null

NOT NULL constraint dictates that the associated column may not contain a NULL value.

CREATE TABLE table (
	`numInt` integer NOT NULL
);

Default value

The DEFAULT clause specifies a default value to use for the column if no value is explicitly provided by the user when doing an INSERT. If there is no explicit DEFAULT clause attached to a column definition, then the default value of the column is NULL.

An explicit DEFAULT clause may specify that the default value is NULL, a string constant, a blob constant, a signed-number, or any constant expression enclosed in parentheses.

const table = sqliteTable('table', { int1: integer().default(42), int2: integer().default(sql(abs(42))) });

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`int1` integer DEFAULT 42,
	`int2` integer DEFAULT (abs(42))
);

A default value may also be one of the special case-independent keywords CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE or CURRENT_TIMESTAMP.

const table = sqliteTable("table", { time: text().default(sql(CURRENT_TIME)), date: text().default(sql(CURRENT_DATE)), timestamp: text().default(sql(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)), });

```sql
CREATE TABLE `table` (
	`time` text DEFAULT (CURRENT_TIME),
	`date` text DEFAULT (CURRENT_DATE),
	`timestamp` text DEFAULT (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP)
);

When using $default() or $defaultFn(), which are simply different aliases for the same function, you can generate defaults at runtime and use these values in all insert queries. These functions can assist you in utilizing various implementations such as uuid, cuid, cuid2, and many more.

import { text, sqliteTable } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";
import { createId } from '@paralleldrive/cuid2';

const table = sqliteTable('table', {
	id: text().$defaultFn(() => createId()),
});

When using $onUpdate() or $onUpdateFn(), which are simply different aliases for the same function, you can generate defaults at runtime and use these values in all update queries.

Adds a dynamic update value to the column. The function will be called when the row is updated, and the returned value will be used as the column value if none is provided. If no default (or $defaultFn) value is provided, the function will be called when the row is inserted as well, and the returned value will be used as the column value.

import { text, sqliteTable } from "drizzle-orm/sqlite-core";

const table = sqliteTable('table', {
    alwaysNull: text().$type<string | null>().$onUpdate(() => null),
});