pip install apache-libcloud

This setting is required to configure connections to cloud storage providers.
Each entry corresponds to a single 'bucket' of storage. You can have multiple
buckets for a single service provider (e.g., multiple S3 buckets), and you can
define buckets at multiple providers. For example, the following configuration
defines 3 providers: two buckets (``bucket-1`` and ``bucket-2``) on a US-based
Amazon S3 store, and a third bucket (``bucket-3``) on Google::


    LIBCLOUD_PROVIDERS = {
        'amazon_1': {
            'type': 'libcloud.storage.types.Provider.S3_US_STANDARD_HOST',
            'user': '<your username here>',
            'key': '<your key here>',
            'bucket': 'bucket-1',
        },
        'amazon_2': {
            'type': 'libcloud.storage.types.Provider.S3_US_STANDARD_HOST',
            'user': '<your username here>',
            'key': '<your key here>',
            'bucket': 'bucket-2',
        },
        'google': {
            'type': 'libcloud.storage.types.Provider.GOOGLE_STORAGE',
            'user': '<Your Google APIv1 username>',
            'key': '<Your Google APIv1 Key>',
            'bucket': 'bucket-3',
        },
    }

The values for the ``type``, ``user`` and ``key`` arguments will vary depending on
your storage provider:

    **Amazon S3**:

        **type**: ``libcloud.storage.types.Provider.S3_US_STANDARD_HOST``,

        **user**: Your AWS access key ID

        **key**: Your AWS secret access key

        If you want to use a availability zone other than the US default, you
        can use one of ``S3_US_WEST_HOST``, ``S3_US_WEST_OREGON_HOST``,
        ``S3_EU_WEST_HOST``, ``S3_AP_SOUTHEAST_HOST``, or
        ``S3_AP_NORTHEAST_HOST`` instead of ``S3_US_STANDARD_HOST``.

    **Google Cloud Storage**:

        **type**: ``libcloud.storage.types.Provider.GOOGLE_STORAGE``,

        **user**: Your Google APIv1 username (20 characters)

        **key**: Your Google APIv1 key

    **Nimbus.io**:

        **type**: ``libcloud.storage.types.Provider.NIMBUS``,

        **user**: Your Nimbus.io user ID

        **key**: Your Nimbus.io access key

    **Ninefold Cloud Storage**:

        **type**: ``libcloud.storage.types.Provider.NINEFOLD``,

        **user**: Your Atmos Access Token

        **key**: Your Atmos Shared Secret

    **Rackspace Cloudfiles**:

        **type**: ``libcloud.storage.types.Provider.CLOUDFIULES_US`` or ``libcloud.storage.types.Provider.CLOUDFIULES_UK``,

        **user**: Your Rackspace user ID

        **key**: Your Rackspace access key

You can specify any bucket name you want; however, the bucket must exist before you
can start using it. If you need to create the bucket, you can use the storage API.
For example, to create ``bucket-1`` from our previous example::

    >>> from storages.backends.apache_libcloud import LibCloudStorage
    >>> store = LibCloudStorage('amazon_1')
    >>> store.driver.create_container('bucket-1')


``DEFAULT_LIBCLOUD_PROVIDER``

DEFAULT_LIBCLOUD_PROVIDER = 'amazon-1'

LIBCLOUD_PROVIDERS = {
    'default': {
        'type': ...
    },
}

If you want your Libcloud storage to be the default Django file store, you can
set::

    # django < 4.2
    DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE = 'storages.backends.apache_libcloud.LibCloudStorage'

    # django >= 4.2
    STORAGES = {"default": {"BACKEND": "storages.backends.apache_libcloud.LibCloudStorage"}}

Your default Libcloud provider will be used as the file store.

Certificate authorities
-----------------------

Libcloud uses HTTPS connections, and in order to validate that these HTTPS connections are
correctly signed, root CA certificates must be present. On some platforms
(most notably, OS X and Windows), the required certificates may not be available
by default. To test

    >>> from storages.backends.apache_libcloud import LibCloudStorage
    >>> store = LibCloudStorage('amazon_1')
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
    ImproperlyConfigured: Unable to create libcloud driver type libcloud.storage.types.Provider.S3_US_STANDARD_HOST: No CA Certificates were found in CA_CERTS_PATH.

If you get this error, you need to install a certificate authority.
`Download a certificate authority file`_, and then put the following two lines
into your settings.py::

    import libcloud.security
    libcloud.security.CA_CERTS_PATH.append("/path/to/your/cacerts.pem")

.. _Download a certificate authority file: http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem