runtime/vm/regexp/README.md
Dart RegExp is defined to have the same behavior as JS RegExp so that the JS implementations of Dart can directly use the host JS RegExp engine. The Dart VM's implementation is taken from V8, which is called Irregexp.
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Note that all Dart strings are what V8 calls "flat". We have no special String representations that delay concatenation or taking substrings. All Dart RegExp are also "unmodified": users can't add/remove slots or replace methods.
The most recent update used v8 commit 254cc758346f10be2a7e22e55d90d4defe9cad74, which might be helpful for looking at a diff on the V8 side.