Dining philosophers problem

Dining philosophers problem is an example problem often used in concurrent algorithm design to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them.

Problem statement

Consider there are five philosophers sitting around a circular dining table. The dining table has five chopsticks and a bowl of rice in the middle as shown in the below figure.

At any instant, a philosopher is either eating or thinking. When a philosopher wants to eat, he uses two chopsticks - one from their left and one from their right. When a philosopher wants to think, he keeps down both chopsticks at their original place.