Index

The <mmultiscripts> MathML element is used to attach an arbitrary number of subscripts and superscripts to an expression at once, generalizing the {{ MathMLElement("msubsup") }} element. Scripts can be either pre-scripts (placed before the expression) or post-scripts (placed after it).

MathML uses the syntax below, that is a base expression, followed by an arbitrary number of post-subscript and post-superscript pairs (attached in the given order) optionally followed by an {{ MathMLElement("mprescripts") }} element and an arbitrary number of pre-subscript and pre-superscript pairs (attached in the given order). In addition, empty {{ MathMLElement("mrow") }} elements can be used to represent absent scripts.

<mmultiscripts>
  base
  post-sub-script-1 post-sup-script-1
  post-sub-script-2 post-sup-script-2
  post-sub-script-3 post-sup-script-3
  ...
  post-sub-script-N post-sup-script-N
  <mprescripts />                    ⎫
  pre-sub-script-1 pre-sup-script-1  ⎪
  pre-sub-script-2 pre-sup-script-2  ⎬ Optional
  pre-sub-script-3 pre-sup-script-3  ⎪
  ...                                ⎪
  pre-sub-script-M pre-sup-script-N  ⎭
</mmultiscripts>

Attributes

This element's attributes include the global MathML attributes as well as the following deprecated attributes:

• subscriptshift {{deprecated_inline}} {{Non-standard_Inline}}
  • : A {{cssxref("length-percentage")}} indicating the minimum amount to shift the baseline of the subscript down.
• superscriptshift {{deprecated_inline}} {{Non-standard_Inline}}
  • : A {{cssxref("length-percentage")}} indicating the minimum amount to shift the baseline of the superscript up.

[!NOTE] For the subscriptshift and superscriptshift attributes, some browsers may also accept legacy MathML lengths.

Examples

Using <mprescripts>

Children after the <mprescripts> element are placed as pre-scripts (before the base expression):

html,
body {
  height: 100%;
}

body {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  font-size: 2rem;
}

<math display="block">
  <mmultiscripts>
    <mi>X</mi> <!-- base expression -->
    <mi>a</mi> <!-- post-sub-script -->
    <mi>b</mi> <!-- post-sup-script -->
    <mprescripts />
    <mi>c</mi> <!-- pre-sub-script -->
    <mi>d</mi> <!-- pre-sup-script -->
  </mmultiscripts>
</math>

{{ EmbedLiveSample('using_mprescripts', 700, 200, "", "") }}

Empty scripts

Empty <mrow> elements can be used to represent absent scripts:

html,
body {
  height: 100%;
}

body {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  font-size: 2rem;
}

<math display="block">
  <mmultiscripts>
    <mi>X</mi>    <!-- base expression -->
    <mrow></mrow> <!-- post-sub-script -->
    <mi>b</mi>    <!-- post-sup-script -->
    <mprescripts />
    <mi>c</mi>    <!-- pre-sub-script -->
    <mrow></mrow> <!-- pre-sup-script -->
  </mmultiscripts>
</math>

{{ EmbedLiveSample('empty_scripts', 700, 200, "", "") }}

Order of scripts

Here is a more complex example with many scripts, so you can see in which order they are attached to the base:

html,
body {
  height: 100%;
}

body {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  font-size: 2rem;
}

<math display="block">
  <mmultiscripts>
    <mi>X</mi> <!-- base expression -->
    <mn>1</mn> <!-- post-sub-script-1 -->
    <mn>2</mn> <!-- post-sup-script-1 -->
    <mn>3</mn> <!-- post-sub-script-2 -->
    <mn>4</mn> <!-- post-sup-script-2 -->
    <mprescripts />
    <mn>5</mn> <!-- pre-sub-script-1 -->
    <mn>6</mn> <!-- pre-sup-script-1 -->
    <mn>7</mn> <!-- pre-sub-script-2 -->
    <mn>8</mn> <!-- pre-sup-script-2 -->
  </mmultiscripts>
</math>

{{ EmbedLiveSample('order_of_scripts', 700, 200, "", "") }}

Technical summary

Specifications

{{Specifications}}

Browser compatibility

{{Compat}}

See also

• {{ MathMLElement("msub") }} (Subscript)
• {{ MathMLElement("msup") }} (Superscript)
• {{ MathMLElement("msubsup") }} (Subscript-superscript pair)