Reference Validity

Rust enforces a number of rules for references that make them always safe to use. One rule is that references can never be null, making them safe to use without null checks. The other rule we'll look at for now is that references can't outlive the data they point to.

# // Copyright 2024 Google LLC
# // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#
fn main() {
    let x_ref = {
        let x = 10;
        &x
    };
    dbg!(x_ref);
}

• This slide gets students thinking about references as not simply being pointers, since Rust has different rules for references than other languages.

• We'll look at the rest of Rust's borrowing rules on day 3 when we talk about Rust's ownership system.

More to Explore

• Rust's equivalent of nullability is the Option type, which can be used to make any type "nullable" (not just references/pointers). We haven't yet introduced enums or pattern matching, though, so try not to go into too much detail about this here.