docs/en/sql-reference/functions/geo/polygon.md
Returns a WKT (Well Known Text) geometric object from various Geo Data Types. Supported WKT objects are:
Syntax
WKT(geo_data)
Parameters
geo_data can be one of the following Geo Data Types or their underlying primitive types:
Returned value
POINT is returned for a Point.POLYGON is returned for a PolygonMULTIPOLYGON is returned for a MultiPolygon.LINESTRING is returned for a LineString.MULTILINESTRING is returned for a MultiLineString.Examples
POINT from tuple:
SELECT wkt((0., 0.));
POINT(0 0)
POLYGON from an array of tuples or an array of tuple arrays:
SELECT wkt([(0., 0.), (10., 0.), (10., 10.), (0., 10.)]);
POLYGON((0 0,10 0,10 10,0 10))
MULTIPOLYGON from an array of multi-dimensional tuple arrays:
SELECT wkt([[[(0., 0.), (10., 0.), (10., 10.), (0., 10.)], [(4., 4.), (5., 4.), (5., 5.), (4., 5.)]], [[(-10., -10.), (-10., -9.), (-9., 10.)]]]);
MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,0 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))
Converts a WKT (Well Known Text) MultiPolygon into a MultiPolygon type.
SELECT
toTypeName(readWKTMultiPolygon('MULTIPOLYGON(((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))')) AS type,
readWKTMultiPolygon('MULTIPOLYGON(((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0),(4 4,5 4,5 5,4 5,4 4)),((-10 -10,-10 -9,-9 10,-10 -10)))') AS output FORMAT Markdown
| type | output |
|---|---|
| MultiPolygon | [[[(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)],[(4,4),(5,4),(5,5),(4,5),(4,4)]],[[(-10,-10),(-10,-9),(-9,10),(-10,-10)]]] |
String starting with MULTIPOLYGON
MultiPolygon
Converts a WKT (Well Known Text) MultiPolygon into a Polygon type.
SELECT
toTypeName(readWKTPolygon('POLYGON((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0))')) AS type,
readWKTPolygon('POLYGON((2 0,10 0,10 10,0 10,2 0))') AS output
FORMAT Markdown
| type | output |
|---|---|
| Polygon | [[(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)]] |
String starting with POLYGON
Polygon
The readWKTPoint function in ClickHouse parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a Point geometry and returns a point in the internal ClickHouse format.
readWKTPoint(wkt_string)
wkt_string: The input WKT string representing a Point geometry.The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the Point geometry.
SELECT readWKTPoint('POINT (1.2 3.4)');
(1.2,3.4)
Parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a LineString geometry and returns it in the internal ClickHouse format.
readWKTLineString(wkt_string)
wkt_string: The input WKT string representing a LineString geometry.The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the linestring geometry.
SELECT readWKTLineString('LINESTRING (1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 1 1)');
[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,1)]
Parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a MultiLineString geometry and returns it in the internal ClickHouse format.
readWKTMultiLineString(wkt_string)
wkt_string: The input WKT string representing a MultiLineString geometry.The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the multilinestring geometry.
SELECT readWKTMultiLineString('MULTILINESTRING ((1 1, 2 2, 3 3), (4 4, 5 5, 6 6))');
[[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)],[(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)]]
Parses a Well-Known Text (WKT) representation of a Polygon geometry and returns a ring (closed linestring) in the internal ClickHouse format.
readWKTRing(wkt_string)
wkt_string: The input WKT string representing a Polygon geometry.The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the ring (closed linestring) geometry.
SELECT readWKTRing('POLYGON ((1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 1 1))');
[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,1)]
Returns true or false depending on whether or not one polygon lies completely inside another polygon. Reference https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_62_0/libs/geometry/doc/html/geometry/reference/algorithms/within/within_2.html
SELECT polygonsWithinSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]);
0
Converts a WKB (Well Known Binary) MultiPolygon into a MultiPolygon type.
SELECT
toTypeName(readWKBMultiPolygon(unhex('0106000000020000000103000000020000000500000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000244000000000000000000000000000002440000000000000244000000000000000000000000000002440000000000000004000000000000000000500000000000000000010400000000000001040000000000000144000000000000010400000000000001440000000000000144000000000000010400000000000001440000000000000104000000000000010400103000000010000000400000000000000000024c000000000000024c000000000000024c000000000000022c000000000000022c0000000000000244000000000000024c000000000000024c0'))) AS type,
readWKBMultiPolygon(unhex('0106000000020000000103000000020000000500000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000244000000000000000000000000000002440000000000000244000000000000000000000000000002440000000000000004000000000000000000500000000000000000010400000000000001040000000000000144000000000000010400000000000001440000000000000144000000000000010400000000000001440000000000000104000000000000010400103000000010000000400000000000000000024c000000000000024c000000000000024c000000000000022c000000000000022c0000000000000244000000000000024c000000000000024c0')) AS output FORMAT Markdown
| type | output |
|---|---|
| MultiPolygon | [[[(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)],[(4,4),(5,4),(5,5),(4,5),(4,4)]],[[(-10,-10),(-10,-9),(-9,10),(-10,-10)]]] |
String starting with MULTIPOLYGON
MultiPolygon
Converts a WKB (Well Known Binary) MultiPolygon into a Polygon type.
SELECT
toTypeName(readWKBPolygon(unhex('010300000001000000050000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000244000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000244000000000000000400000000000000000'))) AS type,
readWKBPolygon(unhex('010300000001000000050000000000000000000040000000000000000000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000244000000000000024400000000000000000000000000000244000000000000000400000000000000000')) AS output
FORMAT Markdown
| type | output |
|---|---|
| Polygon | [[(2,0),(10,0),(10,10),(0,10),(2,0)]] |
String starting with POLYGON
Polygon
The readWKBPoint function in ClickHouse parses a Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of a Point geometry and returns a point in the internal ClickHouse format.
readWKBPoint(wkb_string)
wkb_string: The input WKB string representing a Point geometry.The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the Point geometry.
SELECT readWKBPoint(unhex('0101000000333333333333f33f3333333333330b40'));
(1.2,3.4)
Parses a Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of a LineString geometry and returns it in the internal ClickHouse format.
readWKBLineString(wkb_string)
wkb_string: The input WKB string representing a LineString geometry.The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the linestring geometry.
SELECT readWKBLineString(unhex('010200000004000000000000000000f03f000000000000f03f0000000000000040000000000000004000000000000008400000000000000840000000000000f03f000000000000f03f'));
[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(1,1)]
Parses a Well-Known Binary (WKB) representation of a MultiLineString geometry and returns it in the internal ClickHouse format.
readWKBMultiLineString(wkb_string)
wkb_string: The input WKB string representing a MultiLineString geometry.The function returns a ClickHouse internal representation of the multilinestring geometry.
SELECT readWKBMultiLineString(unhex('010500000002000000010200000003000000000000000000f03f000000000000f03f0000000000000040000000000000004000000000000008400000000000000840010200000003000000000000000000104000000000000010400000000000001440000000000000144000000000000018400000000000001840'));
[[(1,1),(2,2),(3,3)],[(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)]]
UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true
Calculates the minimal distance between two points where one point belongs to the first polygon and the second to another polygon. Spherical means that coordinates are interpreted as coordinates on a pure and ideal sphere, which is not true for the Earth. Using this type of coordinate system speeds up execution, but of course is not precise.
SELECT polygonsDistanceSpherical([[[(0, 0), (0, 0.1), (0.1, 0.1), (0.1, 0)]]], [[[(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)]]])
0.24372872211133834
Two polygons
Float64
Calculates distance between two polygons
SELECT polygonsDistanceCartesian([[[(0, 0), (0, 0.1), (0.1, 0.1), (0.1, 0)]]], [[[(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)]]])
14.000714267493642
Two polygons
Float64
Returns true if two polygons are equal
SELECT polygonsEqualsCartesian([[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]])
1
Two polygons
UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true
Calculates the spatial set theoretic symmetric difference (XOR) between two polygons
SELECT wkt(arraySort(polygonsSymDifferenceSpherical([[(50., 50.), (50., -50.), (-50., -50.), (-50., 50.), (50., 50.)], [(10., 10.), (10., 40.), (40., 40.), (40., 10.), (10., 10.)], [(-10., -10.), (-10., -40.), (-40., -40.), (-40., -10.), (-10., -10.)]], [[(-20., -20.), (-20., 20.), (20., 20.), (20., -20.), (-20., -20.)]])));
MULTIPOLYGON(((-20 -10.3067,-10 -10,-10 -20.8791,-20 -20,-20 -10.3067)),((10 20.8791,20 20,20 10.3067,10 10,10 20.8791)),((50 50,50 -50,-50 -50,-50 50,50 50),(20 10.3067,40 10,40 40,10 40,10 20.8791,-20 20,-20 -10.3067,-40 -10,-40 -40,-10 -40,-10 -20.8791,20 -20,20 10.3067)))
Polygons
MultiPolygon
The same as polygonsSymDifferenceSpherical, but the coordinates are in the Cartesian coordinate system; which is more close to the model of the real Earth.
SELECT wkt(polygonsSymDifferenceCartesian([[[(0, 0), (0, 3), (1, 2.9), (2, 2.6), (2.6, 2), (2.9, 1), (3, 0), (0, 0)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]]))
MULTIPOLYGON(((1 2.9,1 1,2.9 1,3 0,0 0,0 3,1 2.9)),((1 2.9,1 4,4 4,4 1,2.9 1,2.6 2,2 2.6,1 2.9)))
Polygons
MultiPolygon
Calculates the intersection (AND) between polygons, coordinates are spherical.
SELECT wkt(arrayMap(a -> arrayMap(b -> arrayMap(c -> (round(c.1, 6), round(c.2, 6)), b), a), polygonsIntersectionSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]])))
MULTIPOLYGON(((4.3666 50.8434,4.36024 50.8436,4.34956 50.8536,4.35268 50.8567,4.36794 50.8525,4.3666 50.8434)))
Polygons
MultiPolygon
Returns true if the second polygon is within the first polygon.
SELECT polygonsWithinCartesian([[[(2., 2.), (2., 3.), (3., 3.), (3., 2.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]])
1
Two polygons
UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true
Returns true if the two polygons intersect (share any common area or boundary).
SELECT polygonsIntersectCartesian([[[(2., 2.), (2., 3.), (3., 3.), (3., 2.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]])
1
Two polygons
UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true
Returns true if the two polygons intersect (share any common area or boundary). Reference https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_62_0/libs/geometry/doc/html/geometry/reference/algorithms/intersects.html
SELECT polygonsIntersectSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]);
1
Two polygons
UInt8, 0 for false, 1 for true
Calculates a convex hull. Reference
Coordinates are in Cartesian coordinate system.
SELECT wkt(polygonConvexHullCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 5.), (5., 5.), (5., 0.), (2., 3.)]]]))
POLYGON((0 0,0 5,5 5,5 0,0 0))
MultiPolygon
Polygon
Calculates the surface area of a polygon.
SELECT round(polygonAreaSpherical([[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]), 14)
9.387704e-8
Polygon
Float
Calculates a union (OR).
SELECT wkt(polygonsUnionSpherical([[[(4.3613577, 50.8651821), (4.349556, 50.8535879), (4.3602419, 50.8435626), (4.3830299, 50.8428851), (4.3904543, 50.8564867), (4.3613148, 50.8651279)]]], [[[(4.346693, 50.858306), (4.367945, 50.852455), (4.366227, 50.840809), (4.344961, 50.833264), (4.338074, 50.848677), (4.346693, 50.858306)]]]))
MULTIPOLYGON(((4.36661 50.8434,4.36623 50.8408,4.34496 50.8333,4.33807 50.8487,4.34669 50.8583,4.35268 50.8567,4.36136 50.8652,4.36131 50.8651,4.39045 50.8565,4.38303 50.8429,4.36661 50.8434)))
Polygons
MultiPolygon
Calculates the perimeter of the polygon.
This is the polygon representing Zimbabwe:
POLYGON((30.0107 -15.6462,30.0502 -15.6401,30.09 -15.6294,30.1301 -15.6237,30.1699 -15.6322,30.1956 -15.6491,30.2072 -15.6532,30.2231 -15.6497,30.231 -15.6447,30.2461 -15.6321,30.2549 -15.6289,30.2801 -15.6323,30.2962 -15.639,30.3281 -15.6524,30.3567 -15.6515,30.3963 -15.636,30.3977 -15.7168,30.3993 -15.812,30.4013 -15.9317,30.4026 -16.0012,30.5148 -16.0004,30.5866 -16,30.7497 -15.9989,30.8574 -15.9981,30.9019 -16.0071,30.9422 -16.0345,30.9583 -16.0511,30.9731 -16.062,30.9898 -16.0643,31.012 -16.0549,31.0237 -16.0452,31.0422 -16.0249,31.0569 -16.0176,31.0654 -16.0196,31.0733 -16.0255,31.0809 -16.0259,31.089 -16.0119,31.1141 -15.9969,31.1585 -16.0002,31.26 -16.0235,31.2789 -16.0303,31.2953 -16.0417,31.3096 -16.059,31.3284 -16.0928,31.3409 -16.1067,31.3603 -16.1169,31.3703 -16.1237,31.3746 -16.1329,31.3778 -16.1422,31.384 -16.1488,31.3877 -16.1496,31.3956 -16.1477,31.3996 -16.1473,31.4043 -16.1499,31.4041 -16.1545,31.4027 -16.1594,31.4046 -16.1623,31.4241 -16.1647,31.4457 -16.165,31.4657 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(29.648505, -15.666588), (29.672793, -15.663281), (29.73005, -15.644677), (29.773252, -15.638062), (29.814283, -15.619666), (29.837331, -15.614808), (29.881773, -15.618839), (29.967504, -15.641473), (30.010654, -15.646227)]), 6)
0.45539
Calculates the intersection of polygons.
SELECT wkt(polygonsIntersectionCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 3.), (1., 2.9), (2., 2.6), (2.6, 2.), (2.9, 1.), (3., 0.), (0., 0.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]]))
MULTIPOLYGON(((1 2.9,2 2.6,2.6 2,2.9 1,1 1,1 2.9)))
Polygons
MultiPolygon
Calculates the area of a polygon
SELECT polygonAreaCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 5.), (5., 5.), (5., 0.)]]])
25
Polygon
Float64
Calculates the perimeter of a polygon.
SELECT polygonPerimeterCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 5.), (5., 5.), (5., 0.)]]])
15
Polygon
Float64
Calculates the union of polygons.
SELECT wkt(polygonsUnionCartesian([[[(0., 0.), (0., 3.), (1., 2.9), (2., 2.6), (2.6, 2.), (2.9, 1), (3., 0.), (0., 0.)]]], [[[(1., 1.), (1., 4.), (4., 4.), (4., 1.), (1., 1.)]]]))
MULTIPOLYGON(((1 2.9,1 4,4 4,4 1,2.9 1,3 0,0 0,0 3,1 2.9)))
Polygons
MultiPolygon
For more information on geometry systems, see this presentation about the Boost library, which is what ClickHouse uses.