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Version 8.3.3

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.. currentmodule:: click

Version 8.3.3

Released 2026-04-20

  • Use :func:shlex.split to split pager and editor commands into argv lists for :class:subprocess.Popen, removing shell=True. :issue:1026 :pr:1477 :pr:2775
  • Fix TypeError when rendering help for an option whose default value is an object that doesn't support equality comparison with strings, such as semver.Version. :issue:3298 :pr:3299
  • Fix pager test pollution under parallel execution by using pytest's tmp_path fixture instead of a shared temporary file path. :pr:3238
  • Treat Sentinel.UNSET values in a default_map as absent, so they fall through to the next default source instead of being used as the value. :issue:3224 :pr:3240
  • Patch pdb.Pdb in CliRunner isolation so pdb.set_trace(), breakpoint(), and debuggers subclassing pdb.Pdb (ipdb, pdbpp) can interact with the real terminal instead of the captured I/O streams. :issue:654 :issue:824 :issue:843 :pr:951 :pr:3235
  • Add optional randomized parallel test execution using pytest-randomly and pytest-xdist to detect test pollution and race conditions. :pr:3151
  • Add contributor documentation for running stress tests, randomized parallel tests, and Flask smoke tests. :pr:3151 :pr:3177
  • Show custom show_default string in prompts, matching the existing help text behavior. :issue:2836 :pr:2837 :pr:3165 :pr:3262 :pr:3280 :pr:3328
  • Fix default=True with boolean flag_value always returning the flag_value instead of True. The default=True to flag_value substitution now only applies to non-boolean flags, where True acts as a sentinel meaning "activate this flag by default". For boolean flags, default=True is returned as a literal value. :issue:3111 :pr:3239
  • Mark make_default_short_help as private API. :issue:3189 :pr:3250
  • CliRunner's redirected streams now expose the original file descriptor via fileno(), so that faulthandler, subprocess, and other C-level consumers no longer crash with io.UnsupportedOperation. :issue:2865
  • Change :class:ParameterSource to an :class:~enum.IntEnum and reorder its members from most to least explicit, so values can be compared to check whether a parameter was explicitly provided. :issue:2879 :pr:3248

Version 8.3.2

Released 2026-04-02

  • Fix handling of flag_value when is_flag=False to allow such options to be used without an explicit value. :issue:3084 :pr:3152
  • Hide Sentinel.UNSET values as None when using lookup_default(). :issue:3136 :pr:3199 :pr:3202 :pr:3209 :pr:3212 :pr:3224
  • Prevent _NamedTextIOWrapper from closing streams owned by StreamMixer. :issue:824 :issue:2991 :issue:2993 :issue:3110 :pr:3139 :pr:3140
  • Add comprehensive tests for CliRunner stream lifecycle, covering logging interaction, multi-threaded safety, and sequential invocation isolation. Add high-iteration stress tests behind a stress marker with a dedicated CI job. :pr:3139
  • Fix callable flag_value being instantiated when used as a default via default=True. :issue:3121 :pr:3201 :pr:3213 :pr:3225

Version 8.3.1

Released 2025-11-15

  • Don't discard pager arguments by correctly using subprocess.Popen. :issue:3039 :pr:3055
  • Replace Sentinel.UNSET default values by None as they're passed through the Context.invoke() method. :issue:3066 :issue:3065 :pr:3068
  • Fix conversion of Sentinel.UNSET happening too early, which caused incorrect behavior for multiple parameters using the same name. :issue:3071 :pr:3079
  • Hide Sentinel.UNSET values as None when looking up for other parameters through the context inside parameter callbacks. :issue:3136 :pr:3137
  • Fix rendering when prompt and confirm parameter prompt_suffix is empty. :issue:3019 :pr:3021
  • When Sentinel.UNSET is found during parsing, it will skip calls to type_cast_value. :issue:3069 :pr:3090

Version 8.3.0

Released 2025-09-17

  • Improved flag option handling: Reworked the relationship between flag_value and default parameters for better consistency:

    • The default parameter value is now preserved as-is and passed directly to CLI functions (no more unexpected transformations)
    • Exception: flag options with default=True maintain backward compatibility by defaulting to their flag_value
    • The default parameter can now be any type (bool, None, etc.)
    • Fixes inconsistencies reported in: :issue:1992 :issue:2514 :issue:2610 :issue:3024 :pr:3030

  • Allow default to be set on Argument for nargs = -1. :issue:2164 :pr:3030

  • Show correct auto complete value for nargs option in combination with flag option :issue:2813

  • Fix handling of quoted and escaped parameters in Fish autocompletion. :issue:2995 :pr:3013

  • Lazily import shutil. :pr:3023

  • Properly forward exception information to resources registered with click.core.Context.with_resource(). :issue:2447 :pr:3058

  • Fix regression related to EOF handling in CliRunner. :issue:2939 :pr:2940

Version 8.2.2

Released 2025-07-31

  • Fix reconciliation of default, flag_value and type parameters for flag options, as well as parsing and normalization of environment variables. :issue:2952 :pr:2956
  • Fix typing issue in BadParameter and MissingParameter exceptions for the parameter param_hint that did not allow for a sequence of string where the underlying function _join_param_hints allows for it. :issue:2777 :pr:2990
  • Use the value of Enum choices to render their default value in help screen. Refs :issue:2911 :pr:3004
  • Fix completion for the Z shell (zsh) for completion items containing colons. :issue:2703 :pr:2846
  • Don't include envvar in error hint when not configured. :issue:2971 :pr:2972
  • Fix a rare race in click.testing.StreamMixer's finalization that manifested as a ValueError on close in a multi-threaded test session. :issue:2993 :pr:2991

Version 8.2.1

Released 2025-05-20

  • Fix flag value handling for flag options with a provided type. :issue:2894 :issue:2897 :pr:2930
  • Fix shell completion for nested groups. :issue:2906 :pr:2907
  • Flush sys.stderr at the end of CliRunner.invoke. :issue:2682
  • Fix EOF handling for stdin input in CliRunner. :issue:2787

Version 8.2.0

Released 2025-05-10

  • Drop support for Python 3.7, 3.8, and 3.9. :pr:2588 :pr:2893

  • Use modern packaging metadata with pyproject.toml instead of setup.cfg. :pr:2438

  • Use flit_core instead of setuptools as build backend. :pr:2543

  • Deprecate the __version__ attribute. Use feature detection, or importlib.metadata.version("click"), instead. :issue:2598

  • BaseCommand is deprecated. Command is the base class for all commands. :issue:2589

  • MultiCommand is deprecated. Group is the base class for all group commands. :issue:2590

  • The current parser and related classes and methods, are deprecated. :issue:2205

    • OptionParser and the parser module, which is a modified copy of optparse in the standard library.
    • Context.protected_args is unneeded. Context.args contains any remaining arguments while parsing.
    • Parameter.add_to_parser (on both Argument and Option) is unneeded. Parsing works directly without building a separate parser.
    • split_arg_string is moved from parser to shell_completion.

  • Enable deferred evaluation of annotations with from __future__ import annotations. :pr:2270

  • When generating a command's name from a decorated function's name, the suffixes _command, _cmd, _group, and _grp are removed. :issue:2322

  • Show the types.ParamType.name for types.Choice options within --help message if show_choices=False is specified. :issue:2356

  • Do not display default values in prompts when Option.show_default is False. :pr:2509

  • Add get_help_extra method on Option to fetch the generated extra items used in get_help_record to render help text. :issue:2516 :pr:2517

  • Keep stdout and stderr streams independent in CliRunner. Always collect stderr output and never raise an exception. Add a new output stream to simulate what the user sees in its terminal. Removes the mix_stderr parameter in CliRunner. :issue:2522 :pr:2523

  • Option.show_envvar now also shows environment variable in error messages. :issue:2695 :pr:2696

  • Context.close will be called on exit. This results in all Context.call_on_close callbacks and context managers added via Context.with_resource to be closed on exit as well. :pr:2680

  • Add ProgressBar(hidden: bool) to allow hiding the progressbar. :issue:2609

  • A UserWarning will be shown when multiple parameters attempt to use the same name. :issue:2396

  • When using Option.envvar with Option.flag_value, the flag_value will always be used instead of the value of the environment variable. :issue:2746 :pr:2788

  • Add Choice.get_invalid_choice_message method for customizing the invalid choice message. :issue:2621 :pr:2622

  • If help is shown because no_args_is_help is enabled (defaults to True for groups, False for commands), the exit code is 2 instead of 0. :issue:1489 :pr:1489

  • Contexts created during shell completion are closed properly, fixing a ResourceWarning when using click.File. :issue:2644 :pr:2800 :pr:2767

  • click.edit(filename) now supports passing an iterable of filenames in case the editor supports editing multiple files at once. Its return type is now also typed: AnyStr if text is passed, otherwise None. :issue:2067 :pr:2068

  • Specialized typing of progressbar(length=...) as ProgressBar[int]. :pr:2630

  • Improve echo_via_pager behaviour in face of errors. :issue:2674

    • Terminate the pager in case a generator passed to echo_via_pager raises an exception.
    • Ensure to always close the pipe to the pager process and wait for it to terminate.
    • echo_via_pager will not ignore KeyboardInterrupt anymore. This allows the user to search for future output of the generator when using less and then aborting the program using ctrl-c.

  • deprecated: bool | str can now be used on options and arguments. This previously was only available for Command. The message can now also be customised by using a str instead of a bool. :issue:2263 :pr:2271

    • Command.deprecated formatting in --help changed from (Deprecated) help to help (DEPRECATED).
    • Parameters cannot be required nor prompted or an error is raised.
    • A warning will be printed when something deprecated is used.

  • Add a catch_exceptions parameter to CliRunner. If catch_exceptions is not passed to CliRunner.invoke, the value from CliRunner is used. :issue:2817 :pr:2818

  • Option.flag_value will no longer have a default value set based on Option.default if Option.is_flag is False. This results in Option.default not needing to implement __bool__. :pr:2829

  • Incorrect click.edit typing has been corrected. :pr:2804

  • Choice is now generic and supports any iterable value. This allows you to use enums and other non-str values. :pr:2796 :issue:605

  • Fix setup of help option's defaults when using a custom class on its decorator. Removes HelpOption. :issue:2832 :pr:2840

Version 8.1.8

Released 2024-12-19

  • Fix an issue with type hints for click.open_file(). :issue:2717
  • Fix issue where error message for invalid click.Path displays on multiple lines. :issue:2697
  • Fixed issue that prevented a default value of "" from being displayed in the help for an option. :issue:2500
  • The test runner handles stripping color consistently on Windows. :issue:2705
  • Show correct value for flag default when using default_map. :issue:2632
  • Fix click.echo(color=...) passing color to coloroma so it can be forced on Windows. :issue:2606.
  • More robust bash version check, fixing problem on Windows with git-bash. :issue:2638
  • Cache the help option generated by the help_option_names setting to respect its eagerness. :pr:2811
  • Replace uses of os.system with subprocess.Popen. :issue:1476
  • Exceptions generated during a command will use the context's color setting when being displayed. :issue:2193
  • Error message when defining option with invalid name is more descriptive. :issue:2452
  • Refactor code generating default --help option to deduplicate code. :pr:2563
  • Test CLIRunner resets patched _compat.should_strip_ansi. :issue:2732

Version 8.1.7

Released 2023-08-17

  • Fix issue with regex flags in shell completion. :issue:2581
  • Bash version detection issues a warning instead of an error. :issue:2574
  • Fix issue with completion script for Fish shell. :issue:2567

Version 8.1.6

Released 2023-07-18

  • Fix an issue with type hints for @click.group(). :issue:2558

Version 8.1.5

Released 2023-07-13

  • Fix an issue with type hints for @click.command(), @click.option(), and other decorators. Introduce typing tests. :issue:2558

Version 8.1.4

Released 2023-07-06

  • Replace all typing.Dict occurrences to typing.MutableMapping for parameter hints. :issue:2255
  • Improve type hinting for decorators and give all generic types parameters. :issue:2398
  • Fix return value and type signature of shell_completion.add_completion_class function. :pr:2421
  • Bash version detection doesn't fail on Windows. :issue:2461
  • Completion works if there is a dot (.) in the program name. :issue:2166
  • Improve type annotations for pyright type checker. :issue:2268
  • Improve responsiveness of click.clear(). :issue:2284
  • Improve command name detection when using Shiv or PEX. :issue:2332
  • Avoid showing empty lines if command help text is empty. :issue:2368
  • ZSH completion script works when loaded from fpath. :issue:2344.
  • EOFError and KeyboardInterrupt tracebacks are not suppressed when standalone_mode is disabled. :issue:2380
  • @group.command does not fail if the group was created with a custom command_class. :issue:2416
  • multiple=True is allowed for flag options again and does not require setting default=(). :issue:2246, 2292, 2295
  • Make the decorators returned by @argument() and @option() reusable when the cls parameter is used. :issue:2294
  • Don't fail when writing filenames to streams with strict errors. Replace invalid bytes with the replacement character (�). :issue:2395
  • Remove unnecessary attempt to detect MSYS2 environment. :issue:2355
  • Remove outdated and unnecessary detection of App Engine environment. :pr:2554
  • echo() does not fail when no streams are attached, such as with pythonw on Windows. :issue:2415
  • Argument with expose_value=False do not cause completion to fail. :issue:2336

Version 8.1.3

Released 2022-04-28

  • Use verbose form of typing.Callable for @command and @group. :issue:2255
  • Show error when attempting to create an option with multiple=True, is_flag=True. Use count instead. :issue:2246

Version 8.1.2

Released 2022-03-31

  • Fix error message for readable path check that was mixed up with the executable check. :pr:2236
  • Restore parameter order for Path, placing the executable parameter at the end. It is recommended to use keyword arguments instead of positional arguments. :issue:2235

Version 8.1.1

Released 2022-03-30

  • Fix an issue with decorator typing that caused type checking to report that a command was not callable. :issue:2227

Version 8.1.0

Released 2022-03-28

  • Drop support for Python 3.6. :pr:2129

  • Remove previously deprecated code. :pr:2130

    • Group.resultcallback is renamed to result_callback.
    • autocompletion parameter to Command is renamed to shell_complete.
    • get_terminal_size is removed, use shutil.get_terminal_size instead.
    • get_os_args is removed, use sys.argv[1:] instead.

  • Rely on :pep:538 and :pep:540 to handle selecting UTF-8 encoding instead of ASCII. Click's locale encoding detection is removed. :issue:2198

  • Single options boolean flags with show_default=True only show the default if it is True. :issue:1971

  • The command and group decorators can be applied with or without parentheses. :issue:1359

  • The Path type can check whether the target is executable. :issue:1961

  • Command.show_default overrides Context.show_default, instead of the other way around. :issue:1963

  • Parameter decorators and @group handles cls=None the same as not passing cls. @option handles help=None the same as not passing help. :issue:#1959

  • A flag option with required=True requires that the flag is passed instead of choosing the implicit default value. :issue:1978

  • Indentation in help text passed to Option and Command is cleaned the same as using the @option and @command decorators does. A command's epilog and short_help are also processed. :issue:1985

  • Store unprocessed Command.help, epilog and short_help strings. Processing is only done when formatting help text for output. :issue:2149

  • Allow empty str input for prompt() when confirmation_prompt=True and default="". :issue:2157

  • Windows glob pattern expansion doesn't fail if a value is an invalid pattern. :issue:2195

  • It's possible to pass a list of params to @command. Any params defined with decorators are appended to the passed params. :issue:2131.

  • @command decorator is annotated as returning the correct type if a cls argument is used. :issue:2211

  • A Group with invoke_without_command=True and chain=False will invoke its result callback with the group function's return value. :issue:2124

  • to_info_dict will not fail if a ParamType doesn't define a name. :issue:2168

  • Shell completion prioritizes option values with option prefixes over new options. :issue:2040

  • Options that get an environment variable value using autoenvvar_prefix treat an empty value as None, consistent with a direct envvar. :issue:2146

Version 8.0.4

Released 2022-02-18

  • open_file recognizes Path("-") as a standard stream, the same as the string "-". :issue:2106
  • The option and argument decorators preserve the type annotation of the decorated function. :pr:2155
  • A callable default value can customize its help text by overriding __str__ instead of always showing (dynamic). :issue:2099
  • Fix a typo in the Bash completion script that affected file and directory completion. If this script was generated by a previous version, it should be regenerated. :issue:2163
  • Fix typing for echo and secho file argument. :issue:2174, 2185

Version 8.0.3

Released 2021-10-10

  • Fix issue with Path(resolve_path=True) type creating invalid paths. :issue:2088
  • Importing readline does not cause the confirm() prompt to disappear when pressing backspace. :issue:2092
  • Any default values injected by invoke() are cast to the corresponding parameter's type. :issue:2089, 2090

Version 8.0.2

Released 2021-10-08

  • is_bool_flag is not set to True if is_flag is False. :issue:1925
  • Bash version detection is locale independent. :issue:1940
  • Empty default value is not shown for multiple=True. :issue:1969
  • Fix shell completion for arguments that start with a forward slash such as absolute file paths. :issue:1929
  • Path type with resolve_path=True resolves relative symlinks to be relative to the containing directory. :issue:1921
  • Completion does not skip Python's resource cleanup when exiting, avoiding some unexpected warning output. :issue:1738, 2017
  • Fix type annotation for type argument in prompt function. :issue:2062
  • Fix overline and italic styles, which were incorrectly added when adding underline. :pr:2058
  • An option with count=True will not show "[x>=0]" in help text. :issue:2072
  • Default values are not cast to the parameter type twice during processing. :issue:2085
  • Options with multiple and flag_value use the flag value instead of leaving an internal placeholder. :issue:2001

Version 8.0.1

Released 2021-05-19

  • Mark top-level names as exported so type checking understand imports in user projects. :issue:1879
  • Annotate Context.obj as Any so type checking allows all operations on the arbitrary object. :issue:1885
  • Fix some types that weren't available in Python 3.6.0. :issue:1882
  • Fix type checking for iterating over ProgressBar object. :issue:1892
  • The importlib_metadata backport package is installed on Python < 3.8. :issue:1889
  • Arguments with nargs=-1 only use env var value if no command line values are given. :issue:1903
  • Flag options guess their type from flag_value if given, like regular options do from default. :issue:1886
  • Added documentation that custom parameter types may be passed already valid values in addition to strings. :issue:1898
  • Resolving commands returns the name that was given, not command.name, fixing an unintended change to help text and default_map lookups. When using patterns like AliasedGroup, override resolve_command to change the name that is returned if needed. :issue:1895
  • If a default value is invalid, it does not prevent showing help text. :issue:1889
  • Pass windows_expand_args=False when calling the main command to disable pattern expansion on Windows. There is no way to escape patterns in CMD, so if the program needs to pass them on as-is then expansion must be disabled. :issue:1901

Version 8.0.0

Released 2021-05-11

  • Drop support for Python 2 and 3.5.

  • Colorama is always installed on Windows in order to provide style and color support. :pr:1784

  • Adds a repr to Command, showing the command name for friendlier debugging. :issue:1267, :pr:1295

  • Add support for distinguishing the source of a command line parameter. :issue:1264, :pr:1329

  • Add an optional parameter to ProgressBar.update to set the current_item. :issue:1226, :pr:1332

  • version_option uses importlib.metadata (or the importlib_metadata backport) instead of pkg_resources. The version is detected based on the package name, not the entry point name. The Python package name must match the installed package name, or be passed with package_name=. :issue:1582

  • If validation fails for a prompt with hide_input=True, the value is not shown in the error message. :issue:1460

  • An IntRange or FloatRange option shows the accepted range in its help text. :issue:1525, :pr:1303

  • IntRange and FloatRange bounds can be open (<) instead of closed (<=) by setting min_open and max_open. Error messages have changed to reflect this. :issue:1100

  • An option defined with duplicate flag names ("--foo/--foo") raises a ValueError. :issue:1465

  • echo() will not fail when using pytest's capsys fixture on Windows. :issue:1590

  • Resolving commands returns the canonical command name instead of the matched name. This makes behavior such as help text and Context.invoked_subcommand consistent when using patterns like AliasedGroup. :issue:1422

  • The BOOL type accepts the values "on" and "off". :issue:1629

  • A Group with invoke_without_command=True will always invoke its result callback. :issue:1178

  • nargs == -1 and nargs > 1 is parsed and validated for values from environment variables and defaults. :issue:729

  • Detect the program name when executing a module or package with python -m name. :issue:1603

  • Include required parent arguments in help synopsis of subcommands. :issue:1475

  • Help for boolean flags with show_default=True shows the flag name instead of True or False. :issue:1538

  • Non-string objects passed to style() and secho() will be converted to string. :pr:1146

  • edit(require_save=True) will detect saves for editors that exit very fast on filesystems with 1 second resolution. :pr:1050

  • New class attributes make it easier to use custom core objects throughout an entire application. :pr:938

    • Command.context_class controls the context created when running the command.
    • Context.invoke creates new contexts of the same type, so a custom type will persist to invoked subcommands.
    • Context.formatter_class controls the formatter used to generate help and usage.
    • Group.command_class changes the default type for subcommands with @group.command().
    • Group.group_class changes the default type for subgroups with @group.group(). Setting it to type will create subgroups of the same type as the group itself.
    • Core objects use super() consistently for better support of subclassing.

  • Use Context.with_resource() to manage resources that would normally be used in a with statement, allowing them to be used across subcommands and callbacks, then cleaned up when the context ends. :pr:1191

  • The result object returned by the test runner's invoke() method has a return_value attribute with the value returned by the invoked command. :pr:1312

  • Required arguments with the Choice type show the choices in curly braces to indicate that one is required ({a|b|c}). :issue:1272

  • If only a name is passed to option(), Click suggests renaming it to --name. :pr:1355

  • A context's show_default parameter defaults to the value from the parent context. :issue:1565

  • click.style() can output 256 and RGB color codes. Most modern terminals support these codes. :pr:1429

  • When using CliRunner.invoke(), the replaced stdin file has name and mode attributes. This lets File options with the - value match non-testing behavior. :issue:1064

  • When creating a Group, allow passing a list of commands instead of a dict. :issue:1339

  • When a long option name isn't valid, use difflib to make better suggestions for possible corrections. :issue:1446

  • Core objects have a to_info_dict() method. This gathers information about the object's structure that could be useful for a tool generating user-facing documentation. To get the structure of an entire CLI, use Context(cli).to_info_dict(). :issue:461

  • Redesign the shell completion system. :issue:1484, :pr:1622

    • Support Bash >= 4.4, Zsh, and Fish, with the ability for extensions to add support for other shells.
    • Allow commands, groups, parameters, and types to override their completions suggestions.
    • Groups complete the names commands were registered with, which can differ from the name they were created with.
    • The autocompletion parameter for options and arguments is renamed to shell_complete. The function must take ctx, param, incomplete, must do matching rather than return all values, and must return a list of strings or a list of CompletionItem. The old name and behavior is deprecated and will be removed in 8.1.
    • The env var values used to start completion have changed order. The shell now comes first, such as {shell}_source rather than source_{shell}, and is always required.

  • Completion correctly parses command line strings with incomplete quoting or escape sequences. :issue:1708

  • Extra context settings (obj=..., etc.) are passed on to the completion system. :issue:942

  • Include --help option in completion. :pr:1504

  • ParameterSource is an enum.Enum subclass. :issue:1530

  • Boolean and UUID types strip surrounding space before converting. :issue:1605

  • Adjusted error message from parameter type validation to be more consistent. Quotes are used to distinguish the invalid value. :issue:1605

  • The default value for a parameter with nargs > 1 and multiple=True must be a list of tuples. :issue:1649

  • When getting the value for a parameter, the default is tried in the same section as other sources to ensure consistent processing. :issue:1649

  • All parameter types accept a value that is already the correct type. :issue:1649

  • For shell completion, an argument is considered incomplete if its value did not come from the command line args. :issue:1649

  • Added ParameterSource.PROMPT to track parameter values that were prompted for. :issue:1649

  • Options with nargs > 1 no longer raise an error if a default is not given. Parameters with nargs > 1 default to None, and parameters with multiple=True or nargs=-1 default to an empty tuple. :issue:472

  • Handle empty env vars as though the option were not passed. This extends the change introduced in 7.1 to be consistent in more cases. :issue:1285

  • Parameter.get_default() checks Context.default_map to handle overrides consistently in help text, invoke(), and prompts. :issue:1548

  • Add prompt_required param to Option. When set to False, the user will only be prompted for an input if no value was passed. :issue:736

  • Providing the value to an option can be made optional through is_flag=False, and the value can instead be prompted for or passed in as a default value. :issue:549, 736, 764, 921, 1015, 1618

  • Fix formatting when Command.options_metavar is empty. :pr:1551

  • Revert adding space between option help text that wraps. :issue:1831

  • The default value passed to prompt will be cast to the correct type like an input value would be. :pr:1517

  • Automatically generated short help messages will stop at the first ending of a phrase or double linebreak. :issue:1082

  • Skip progress bar render steps for efficiency with very fast iterators by setting update_min_steps. :issue:676

  • Respect case_sensitive=False when doing shell completion for Choice :issue:1692

  • Use mkstemp() instead of mktemp() in pager implementation. :issue:1752

  • If Option.show_default is a string, it is displayed even if default is None. :issue:1732

  • click.get_terminal_size() is deprecated and will be removed in 8.1. Use :func:shutil.get_terminal_size instead. :issue:1736

  • Control the location of the temporary directory created by CLIRunner.isolated_filesystem by passing temp_dir. A custom directory will not be removed automatically. :issue:395

  • click.confirm() will prompt until input is given if called with default=None. :issue:1381

  • Option prompts validate the value with the option's callback in addition to its type. :issue:457

  • confirmation_prompt can be set to a custom string. :issue:723

  • Allow styled output in Jupyter on Windows. :issue:1271

  • style() supports the strikethrough, italic, and overline styles. :issue:805, 1821

  • Multiline marker is removed from short help text. :issue:1597

  • Restore progress bar behavior of echoing only the label if the file is not a TTY. :issue:1138

  • Progress bar output is shown even if execution time is less than 0.5 seconds. :issue:1648

  • Progress bar item_show_func shows the current item, not the previous item. :issue:1353

  • The Path param type can be passed path_type=pathlib.Path to return a path object instead of a string. :issue:405

  • TypeError is raised when parameter with multiple=True or nargs > 1 has non-iterable default. :issue:1749

  • Add a pass_meta_key decorator for passing a key from Context.meta. This is useful for extensions using meta to store information. :issue:1739

  • Path resolve_path resolves symlinks on Windows Python < 3.8. :issue:1813

  • Command deprecation notice appears at the start of the help text, as well as in the short help. The notice is not in all caps. :issue:1791

  • When taking arguments from sys.argv on Windows, glob patterns, user dir, and env vars are expanded. :issue:1096

  • Marked messages shown by the CLI with gettext() to allow applications to translate Click's built-in strings. :issue:303

  • Writing invalid characters to stderr when using the test runner does not raise a UnicodeEncodeError. :issue:848

  • Fix an issue where readline would clear the entire prompt() line instead of only the input when pressing backspace. :issue:665

  • Add all kwargs passed to Context.invoke() to ctx.params. Fixes an inconsistency when nesting Context.forward() calls. :issue:1568

  • The MultiCommand.resultcallback decorator is renamed to result_callback. The old name is deprecated. :issue:1160

  • Fix issues with CliRunner output when using echo_stdin=True. :issue:1101

  • Fix a bug of click.utils.make_default_short_help for which the returned string could be as long as max_width + 3. :issue:1849

  • When defining a parameter, default is validated with multiple and nargs. More validation is done for values being processed as well. :issue:1806

  • HelpFormatter.write_text uses the full line width when wrapping text. :issue:1871

Version 7.1.2

Released 2020-04-27

  • Revert applying shell quoting to commands for echo_with_pager and edit. This was intended to allows spaces in commands, but caused issues if the string was actually a command and arguments, or on Windows. Instead, the string must be quoted manually as it should appear on the command line. :issue:1514

Version 7.1.1

Released 2020-03-09

  • Fix ClickException output going to stdout instead of stderr. :issue:1495

Version 7.1

Released 2020-03-09

  • Fix PyPI package name, "click" is lowercase again.
  • Fix link in unicode_literals error message. :pr:1151
  • Add support for colored output on UNIX Jupyter notebooks. :issue:1185
  • Operations that strip ANSI controls will strip the cursor hide/show sequences. :issue:1216
  • Remove unused compat shim for bytes. :pr:1195
  • Expand testing around termui, especially getchar on Windows. :issue:1116
  • Fix output on Windows Python 2.7 built with MSVC 14. :pr:1342
  • Fix OSError when running in MSYS2. :issue:1338
  • Fix OSError when redirecting to NUL stream on Windows. :issue:1065
  • Fix memory leak when parsing Unicode arguments on Windows. :issue:1136
  • Fix error in new AppEngine environments. :issue:1462
  • Always return one of the passed choices for click.Choice :issue:1277, :pr:1318
  • Add no_args_is_help option to click.Command, defaults to False :pr:1167
  • Add show_default parameter to Context to enable showing defaults globally. :issue:1018
  • Handle env MYPATH='' as though the option were not passed. :issue:1196
  • It is once again possible to call next(bar) on an active progress bar instance. :issue:1125
  • open_file with atomic=True retains permissions of existing files and respects the current umask for new files. :issue:1376
  • When using the test CliRunner with mix_stderr=False, if result.stderr is empty it will not raise a ValueError. :issue:1193
  • Remove the unused mix_stderr parameter from CliRunner.invoke. :issue:1435
  • Fix TypeError raised when using bool flags and specifying type=bool. :issue:1287
  • Newlines in option help text are replaced with spaces before re-wrapping to avoid uneven line breaks. :issue:834
  • MissingParameter exceptions are printable in the Python interpreter. :issue:1139
  • Fix how default values for file-type options are shown during prompts. :issue:914
  • Fix environment variable automatic generation for commands containing -. :issue:1253
  • Option help text replaces newlines with spaces when rewrapping, but preserves paragraph breaks, fixing multiline formatting. :issue:834, 1066, 1397
  • Option help text that is wrapped adds an extra newline at the end to distinguish it from the next option. :issue:1075
  • Consider sensible-editor when determining the editor to use for click.edit(). :pr:1469
  • Arguments to system calls such as the executable path passed to click.edit can contains spaces. :pr:1470
  • Add ZSH completion autoloading and error handling. :issue:1348
  • Add a repr to Command, Group, Option, and Argument, showing the name for friendlier debugging. :issue:1267
  • Completion doesn't consider option names if a value starts with - after the -- separator. :issue:1247
  • ZSH completion escapes special characters in values. :pr:1418
  • Add completion support for Fish shell. :pr:1423
  • Decoding bytes option values falls back to UTF-8 in more cases. :pr:1468
  • Make the warning about old 2-arg parameter callbacks a deprecation warning, to be removed in 8.0. This has been a warning since Click 2.0. :pr:1492
  • Adjust error messages to standardize the types of quotes used so they match error messages from Python.

Version 7.0

Released 2018-09-25

  • Drop support for Python 2.6 and 3.3. :pr:967, 976
  • Wrap click.Choice's missing message. :issue:202, :pr:1000
  • Add native ZSH autocompletion support. :issue:323, :pr:865
  • Document that ANSI color info isn't parsed from bytearrays in Python 2. :issue:334
  • Document byte-stripping behavior of CliRunner. :issue:334, :pr:1010
  • Usage errors now hint at the --help option. :issue:393, :pr:557
  • Implement streaming pager. :issue:409, :pr:889
  • Extract bar formatting to its own method. :pr:414
  • Add DateTime type for converting input in given date time formats. :pr:423
  • secho's first argument can now be None, like in echo. :pr:424
  • Fixes a ZeroDivisionError in ProgressBar.make_step, when the arg passed to the first call of ProgressBar.update is 0. :issue:447, :pr:1012
  • Show progressbar only if total execution time is visible. :pr:487
  • Added the ability to hide commands and options from help. :pr:500
  • Document that options can be required=True. :issue:514, :pr:1022
  • Non-standalone calls to Context.exit return the exit code, rather than calling sys.exit. :issue:667, :pr:533, 1098
  • click.getchar() returns Unicode in Python 3 on Windows, consistent with other platforms. :issue:537, 821, 822, 1088, :pr:1108
  • Added FloatRange type. :pr:538, 553
  • Added support for bash completion of type=click.Choice for Options and Arguments. :issue:535, :pr:681
  • Only allow one positional arg for Argument parameter declaration. :issue:568, 574, :pr:1014
  • Add case_sensitive=False as an option to Choice. :issue:569
  • click.getchar() correctly raises KeyboardInterrupt on "^C" and EOFError on "^D" on Linux. :issue:583, :pr:1115
  • Fix encoding issue with click.getchar(echo=True) on Linux. :pr:1115
  • param_hint in errors now derived from param itself. :issue:598, 704, :pr:709
  • Add a test that ensures that when an argument is formatted into a usage error, its metavar is used, not its name. :pr:612
  • Allow setting prog_name as extra in CliRunner.invoke. :issue:616, :pr:999
  • Help text taken from docstrings truncates at the \f form feed character, useful for hiding Sphinx-style parameter documentation. :pr:629, 1091
  • launch now works properly under Cygwin. :pr:650
  • Update progress after iteration. :issue:651, :pr:706
  • CliRunner.invoke now may receive args as a string representing a Unix shell command. :pr:664
  • Make Argument.make_metavar() default to type metavar. :pr:675
  • Add documentation for ignore_unknown_options. :pr:684
  • Add bright colors support for click.style and fix the reset option for parameters fg and bg. :issue:703, :pr:809
  • Add show_envvar for showing environment variables in help. :pr:710
  • Avoid BrokenPipeError during interpreter shutdown when stdout or stderr is a closed pipe. :issue:712, :pr:1106
  • Document customizing option names. :issue:725, :pr:1016
  • Disable sys._getframes() on Python interpreters that don't support it. :pr:728
  • Fix bug in test runner when calling sys.exit with None. :pr:739
  • Clarify documentation on command line options. :issue:741, :pr:1003
  • Fix crash on Windows console. :issue:744
  • Fix bug that caused bash completion to give improper completions on chained commands. :issue:754, :pr:774
  • Added support for dynamic bash completion from a user-supplied callback. :pr:755
  • Added support for bash completions containing spaces. :pr:773
  • Allow autocompletion function to determine whether or not to return completions that start with the incomplete argument. :issue:790, :pr:806
  • Fix option naming routine to match documentation and be deterministic. :issue:793, :pr:794
  • Fix path validation bug. :issue:795, :pr:1020
  • Add test and documentation for Option naming: functionality. :pr:799
  • Update doc to match arg name for path_type. :pr:801
  • Raw strings added so correct escaping occurs. :pr:807
  • Fix 16k character limit of click.echo on Windows. :issue:816, :pr:819
  • Overcome 64k character limit when writing to binary stream on Windows 7. :issue:825, :pr:830
  • Add bool conversion for "t" and "f". :pr:842
  • NoSuchOption errors take ctx so that --help hint gets printed in error output. :pr:860
  • Fixed the behavior of Click error messages with regards to Unicode on 2.x and 3.x. Message is now always Unicode and the str and Unicode special methods work as you expect on that platform. :issue:862
  • Progress bar now uses stderr by default. :pr:863
  • Add support for auto-completion documentation. :issue:866, :pr:869
  • Allow CliRunner to separate stdout and stderr. :pr:868
  • Fix variable precedence. :issue:873, :pr:874
  • Fix invalid escape sequences. :pr:877
  • Fix ResourceWarning that occurs during some tests. :pr:878
  • When detecting a misconfigured locale, don't fail if the locale command fails. :pr:880
  • Add case_sensitive=False as an option to Choice types. :pr:887
  • Force stdout/stderr writable. This works around issues with badly patched standard streams like those from Jupyter. :pr:918
  • Fix completion of subcommand options after last argument :issue:919, :pr:930
  • _AtomicFile now uses the realpath of the original filename so that changing the working directory does not affect it. :pr:920
  • Fix incorrect completions when defaults are present :issue:925, :pr:930
  • Add copy option attrs so that custom classes can be re-used. :issue:926, :pr:994
  • "x" and "a" file modes now use stdout when file is "-". :pr:929
  • Fix missing comma in __all__ list. :pr:935
  • Clarify how parameters are named. :issue:949, :pr:1009
  • Stdout is now automatically set to non blocking. :pr:954
  • Do not set options twice. :pr:962
  • Move fcntl import. :pr:965
  • Fix Google App Engine ImportError. :pr:995
  • Better handling of help text for dynamic default option values. :pr:996
  • Fix get_winter_size() so it correctly returns (0,0). :pr:997
  • Add test case checking for custom param type. :pr:1001
  • Allow short width to address cmd formatting. :pr:1002
  • Add details about Python version support. :pr:1004
  • Added deprecation flag to commands. :pr:1005
  • Fixed issues where fd was undefined. :pr:1007
  • Fix formatting for short help. :pr:1008
  • Document how auto_envvar_prefix works with command groups. :pr:1011
  • Don't add newlines by default for progress bars. :pr:1013
  • Use Python sorting order for ZSH completions. :issue:1047, :pr:1059
  • Document that parameter names are converted to lowercase by default. :pr:1055
  • Subcommands that are named by the function now automatically have the underscore replaced with a dash. If you register a function named my_command it becomes my-command in the command line interface.
  • Hide hidden commands and options from completion. :issue:1058, :pr:1061
  • Fix absolute import blocking Click from being vendored into a project on Windows. :issue:1068, :pr:1069
  • Fix issue where a lowercase auto_envvar_prefix would not be converted to uppercase. :pr:1105

Version 6.7

Released 2017-01-06

  • Make click.progressbar work with codecs.open files. :pr:637
  • Fix bug in bash completion with nested subcommands. :pr:639
  • Fix test runner not saving caller env correctly. :pr:644
  • Fix handling of SIGPIPE. :pr:62
  • Deal with broken Windows environments such as Google App Engine's. :issue:711

Version 6.6

Released 2016-04-04

  • Fix bug in click.Path where it would crash when passed a -. :issue:551

Version 6.4

Released 2016-03-24

  • Fix bug in bash completion where click would discard one or more trailing arguments. :issue:471

Version 6.3

Released 2016-02-22

  • Fix argument checks for interpreter invoke with -m and -c on Windows.
  • Fixed a bug that cased locale detection to error out on Python 3.

Version 6.2

Released 2015-11-27

  • Correct fix for hidden progress bars.

Version 6.1

Released 2015-11-27

  • Resolved an issue with invisible progress bars no longer rendering.
  • Disable chain commands with subcommands as they were inherently broken.
  • Fix MissingParameter not working without parameters passed.

Version 6.0

Released 2015-11-24, codename "pow pow"

  • Optimized the progressbar rendering to not render when it did not actually change.
  • Explicitly disallow nargs=-1 with a set default.
  • The context is now closed before it's popped from the stack.
  • Added support for short aliases for the false flag on toggles.
  • Click will now attempt to aid you with debugging locale errors better by listing with the help of the OS what locales are available.
  • Click used to return byte strings on Python 2 in some unit-testing situations. This has been fixed to correctly return unicode strings now.
  • For Windows users on Python 2, Click will now handle Unicode more correctly handle Unicode coming in from the system. This also has the disappointing side effect that filenames will now be always unicode by default in the Path type which means that this can introduce small bugs for code not aware of this.
  • Added a type parameter to Path to force a specific string type on the value.
  • For users running Python on Windows the echo and prompt functions now work with full unicode functionality in the Python windows console by emulating an output stream. This also applies to getting the virtual output and input streams via click.get_text_stream(...).
  • Unittests now always force a certain virtual terminal width.
  • Added support for allowing dashes to indicate standard streams to the Path type.
  • Multi commands in chain mode no longer propagate arguments left over from parsing to the callbacks. It's also now disallowed through an exception when optional arguments are attached to multi commands if chain mode is enabled.
  • Relaxed restriction that disallowed chained commands to have other chained commands as child commands.
  • Arguments with positive nargs can now have defaults implemented. Previously this configuration would often result in slightly unexpected values be returned.

Version 5.1

Released 2015-08-17

  • Fix a bug in pass_obj that would accidentally pass the context too.

Version 5.0

Released 2015-08-16, codename "tok tok"

  • Removed various deprecated functionality.
  • Atomic files now only accept the w mode.
  • Change the usage part of help output for very long commands to wrap their arguments onto the next line, indented by 4 spaces.
  • Fix a bug where return code and error messages were incorrect when using CliRunner.
  • Added get_current_context.
  • Added a meta dictionary to the context which is shared across the linked list of contexts to allow click utilities to place state there.
  • Introduced Context.scope.
  • The echo function is now threadsafe: It calls the write method of the underlying object only once.
  • prompt(hide_input=True) now prints a newline on ^C.
  • Click will now warn if users are using unicode_literals.
  • Click will now ignore the PAGER environment variable if it is empty or contains only whitespace.
  • The click-contrib GitHub organization was created.

Version 4.1

Released 2015-07-14

  • Fix a bug where error messages would include a trailing None string.
  • Fix a bug where Click would crash on docstrings with trailing newlines.
  • Support streams with encoding set to None on Python 3 by barfing with a better error.
  • Handle ^C in less-pager properly.
  • Handle return value of None from sys.getfilesystemencoding
  • Fix crash when writing to unicode files with click.echo.
  • Fix type inference with multiple options.

Version 4.0

Released 2015-03-31, codename "zoom zoom"

  • Added color parameters to lots of interfaces that directly or indirectly call into echoing. This previously was always autodetection (with the exception of the echo_via_pager function). Now you can forcefully enable or disable it, overriding the auto detection of Click.
  • Added an UNPROCESSED type which does not perform any type changes which simplifies text handling on 2.x / 3.x in some special advanced usecases.
  • Added NoSuchOption and BadOptionUsage exceptions for more generic handling of errors.
  • Added support for handling of unprocessed options which can be useful in situations where arguments are forwarded to underlying tools.
  • Added max_content_width parameter to the context which can be used to change the maximum width of help output. By default Click will not format content for more than 80 characters width.
  • Added support for writing prompts to stderr.
  • Fix a bug when showing the default for multiple arguments.
  • Added support for custom subclasses to option and argument.
  • Fix bug in clear() on Windows when colorama is installed.
  • Reject nargs=-1 for options properly. Options cannot be variadic.
  • Fixed an issue with bash completion not working properly for commands with non ASCII characters or dashes.
  • Added a way to manually update the progressbar.
  • Changed the formatting of missing arguments. Previously the internal argument name was shown in error messages, now the metavar is shown if passed. In case an automated metavar is selected, it's stripped of extra formatting first.

Version 3.3

Released 2014-09-08

  • Fixed an issue with error reporting on Python 3 for invalid forwarding of commands.

Version 3.2

Released 2014-08-22

  • Added missing err parameter forwarding to the secho function.
  • Fixed default parameters not being handled properly by the context invoke method. This is a backwards incompatible change if the function was used improperly.
  • Removed the invoked_subcommands attribute largely. It is not possible to provide it to work error free due to how the parsing works so this API has been deprecated.
  • Restored the functionality of invoked_subcommand which was broken as a regression in 3.1.

Version 3.1

Released 2014-08-13

  • Fixed a regression that caused contexts of subcommands to be created before the parent command was invoked which was a regression from earlier Click versions.

Version 3.0

Released 2014-08-12, codename "clonk clonk"

  • Formatter now no longer attempts to accommodate for terminals smaller than 50 characters. If that happens it just assumes a minimal width.
  • Added a way to not swallow exceptions in the test system.
  • Added better support for colors with pagers and ways to override the autodetection.
  • The CLI runner's result object now has a traceback attached.
  • Improved automatic short help detection to work better with dots that do not terminate sentences.
  • When defining options without actual valid option strings now, Click will give an error message instead of silently passing. This should catch situations where users wanted to created arguments instead of options.
  • Restructured Click internally to support vendoring.
  • Added support for multi command chaining.
  • Added support for defaults on options with multiple and options and arguments with nargs != 1.
  • Label passed to progressbar is no longer rendered with whitespace stripped.
  • Added a way to disable the standalone mode of the main method on a Click command to be able to handle errors better.
  • Added support for returning values from command callbacks.
  • Added simplifications for printing to stderr from echo.
  • Added result callbacks for groups.
  • Entering a context multiple times defers the cleanup until the last exit occurs.
  • Added open_file.

Version 2.6

Released 2014-08-11

  • Fixed an issue where the wrapped streams on Python 3 would be reporting incorrect values for seekable.

Version 2.5

Released 2014-07-28

  • Fixed a bug with text wrapping on Python 3.

Version 2.4

Released 2014-07-04

  • Corrected a bug in the change of the help option in 2.3.

Version 2.3

Released 2014-07-03

  • Fixed an incorrectly formatted help record for count options.
  • Add support for ansi code stripping on Windows if colorama is not available.
  • Restored the Click 1.0 handling of the help parameter for certain edge cases.

Version 2.2

Released 2014-06-26

  • Fixed tty detection on PyPy.
  • Fixed an issue that progress bars were not rendered when the context manager was entered.

Version 2.1

Released 2014-06-14

  • Fixed the :func:launch function on windows.
  • Improved the colorama support on windows to try hard to not screw up the console if the application is interrupted.
  • Fixed windows terminals incorrectly being reported to be 80 characters wide instead of 79
  • Use colorama win32 bindings if available to get the correct dimensions of a windows terminal.
  • Fixed an issue with custom function types on Python 3.
  • Fixed an issue with unknown options being incorrectly reported in error messages.

Version 2.0

Released 2014-06-06, codename "tap tap tap"

  • Added support for opening stdin/stdout on Windows in binary mode correctly.
  • Added support for atomic writes to files by going through a temporary file.
  • Introduced :exc:BadParameter which can be used to easily perform custom validation with the same error messages as in the type system.
  • Added :func:progressbar; a function to show progress bars.
  • Added :func:get_app_dir; a function to calculate the home folder for configs.
  • Added transparent handling for ANSI codes into the :func:echo function through colorama.
  • Added :func:clear function.
  • Breaking change: parameter callbacks now get the parameter object passed as second argument. There is legacy support for old callbacks which will warn but still execute the script.
  • Added :func:style, :func:unstyle and :func:secho for ANSI styles.
  • Added an :func:edit function that invokes the default editor.
  • Added an :func:launch function that launches browsers and applications.
  • Nargs of -1 for arguments can now be forced to be a single item through the required flag. It defaults to not required.
  • Setting a default for arguments now implicitly makes it non required.
  • Changed "yN" / "Yn" to "y/N" and "Y/n" in confirmation prompts.
  • Added basic support for bash completion.
  • Added :func:getchar to fetch a single character from the terminal.
  • Errors now go to stderr as intended.
  • Fixed various issues with more exotic parameter formats like DOS/Windows style arguments.
  • Added :func:pause which works similar to the Windows pause cmd built-in but becomes an automatic noop if the application is not run through a terminal.
  • Added a bit of extra information about missing choice parameters.
  • Changed how the help function is implemented to allow global overriding of the help option.
  • Added support for token normalization to implement case insensitive handling.
  • Added support for providing defaults for context settings.

Version 1.1

Released 2014-05-23

  • Fixed a bug that caused text files in Python 2 to not accept native strings.

Version 1.0

Released 2014-05-21

  • Initial release.