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U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data API

skills/usfiscaldata/SKILL.md

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U.S. Treasury Fiscal Data API

Free, open REST API from the U.S. Department of the Treasury for federal financial data. No API key or registration required.

Base URL: https://api.fiscaldata.treasury.gov/services/api/fiscal_service

Browse 54 datasets and 179 data tables via the dataset search. Verify endpoint paths on each dataset's API Quick Guide — paths change over time.

Installation

bash
uv pip install requests pandas

Quick Start

python
import requests
import pandas as pd

BASE_URL = "https://api.fiscaldata.treasury.gov/services/api/fiscal_service"

# Get the current national debt (Debt to the Penny)
resp = requests.get(f"{BASE_URL}/v2/accounting/od/debt_to_penny", params={
    "sort": "-record_date",
    "page[size]": 1
})
data = resp.json()["data"][0]
print(f"Total public debt as of {data['record_date']}: ${float(data['tot_pub_debt_out_amt']):,.0f}")
python
# Get Treasury exchange rates for recent quarters
resp = requests.get(f"{BASE_URL}/v1/accounting/od/rates_of_exchange", params={
    "fields": "country_currency_desc,exchange_rate,record_date",
    "filter": "record_date:gte:2024-01-01",
    "sort": "-record_date",
    "page[size]": 100
})
df = pd.DataFrame(resp.json()["data"])

Authentication

None required. The API is fully open and free.

Core Parameters

ParameterExampleDescription
fields=fields=record_date,tot_pub_debt_out_amtSelect specific columns
filter=filter=record_date:gte:2024-01-01Filter records
sort=sort=-record_dateSort (prefix - for descending)
format=format=jsonOutput format: json, csv, xml
page[size]=page[size]=100Records per page (default 100)
page[number]=page[number]=2Page index (starts at 1)

Filter operators: lt, lte, gt, gte, eq, in

python
# Multiple filters separated by comma
"filter=country_currency_desc:in:(Canada-Dollar,Mexico-Peso),record_date:gte:2024-01-01"

Key Datasets & Endpoints

Debt

DatasetEndpointFrequency
Debt to the Penny/v2/accounting/od/debt_to_pennyDaily
Historical Debt Outstanding/v2/accounting/od/debt_outstandingAnnual
Schedules of Federal Debt/v1/accounting/od/schedules_fed_debtMonthly

Daily & Monthly Statements

DatasetEndpointFrequency
DTS Operating Cash Balance/v1/accounting/dts/operating_cash_balanceDaily
DTS Deposits & Withdrawals/v1/accounting/dts/deposits_withdrawals_operating_cashDaily
Monthly Treasury Statement (MTS)/v1/accounting/mts/mts_table_1 (18 tables — see datasets-fiscal.md)Monthly

Interest Rates & Exchange

DatasetEndpointFrequency
Average Interest Rates on Treasury Securities/v2/accounting/od/avg_interest_ratesMonthly
Treasury Reporting Rates of Exchange/v1/accounting/od/rates_of_exchangeQuarterly
Interest Expense on Public Debt/v2/accounting/od/interest_expenseMonthly

Securities & Auctions

DatasetEndpointFrequency
Treasury Securities Auctions Data/v1/accounting/od/auctions_queryAs Needed
Treasury Securities Upcoming Auctions/v1/accounting/od/upcoming_auctionsAs Needed
Treasury Securities Buybacks/v1/accounting/od/buybacks_operationsAs Needed

Savings Bonds

DatasetEndpointFrequency
I Bonds Interest Rates/v1/accounting/od/i_bonds_interest_ratesSemi-Annual
Savings Bonds Issues, Redemptions & Maturities/v1/accounting/od/savings_bonds_reportMonthly

Response Structure

json
{
  "data": [...],
  "meta": {
    "count": 100,
    "total-count": 3790,
    "total-pages": 38,
    "labels": {"field_name": "Human Readable Label"},
    "dataTypes": {"field_name": "STRING|NUMBER|DATE|CURRENCY"},
    "dataFormats": {"field_name": "String|10.2|YYYY-MM-DD"}
  },
  "links": {"self": "...", "first": "...", "prev": null, "next": "...", "last": "..."}
}

Note: All values are returned as strings. Convert as needed (e.g., float(), pd.to_datetime()). Null values appear as the string "null".

Common Patterns

Load all pages into a DataFrame

Use the bounded fetch_all() helper in parameters.md. For small result sets, a single request with page[size]=10000 may suffice when meta.total-pages is 1.

python
# Single-page fetch when total-pages == 1
params = {"sort": "-record_date", "page[size]": 10000}
resp = requests.get(f"{BASE_URL}/v2/accounting/od/debt_outstanding", params=params)
result = resp.json()
if result["meta"]["total-pages"] > 1:
    raise ValueError("Use fetch_all() from parameters.md for multi-page results")
df = pd.DataFrame(result["data"])

Aggregation (automatic sum)

Omitting grouping fields triggers automatic aggregation:

python
# Sum all deposits/withdrawals by record_date and transaction type
resp = requests.get(f"{BASE_URL}/v1/accounting/dts/deposits_withdrawals_operating_cash", params={
    "fields": "record_date,transaction_type,transaction_today_amt"
})

Reference Files