Acknowledgments

burn-flex draws on ideas and techniques from several open-source projects.

ndarray

ndarray - N-dimensional array library for Rust.

• 8-fold unrolled reduction loop: Our sum_f32 implementation in simd/kernels.rs uses ndarray's unrolled_fold pattern, where eight independent accumulators allow LLVM to emit optimal SIMD code without explicit intrinsic dispatch.

Candle

Candle - Minimalist ML framework by Hugging Face.

• Tiled im2col for convolutions: Our convolution implementation uses a tiled im2col approach (TILE_SIZE=512) inspired by Candle, processing output in fixed-size tiles for better L2 cache utilization and enabling tile-level parallelism.

gemm / macerator

gemm and macerator, part of the faer ecosystem.

• gemm: Powers all matrix multiplication and convolution GEMM calls (matmul, conv im2col, deformable conv). Provides strided memory access so we can multiply transposed tensors without copying, and native f16 support.
• macerator: Provides portable SIMD dispatch for scatter-add reductions across NEON, AVX2, and WASM SIMD128 with a scalar fallback.