Journald input [filebeat-input-journald]

journald is a system service that collects and stores logging data. The journald input reads this log data and the metadata associated with it. To read this log data Filebeat calls journalctl to read from the journal, therefore Filebeat needs permission to execute journalctl.

:::{warning} The Wolfi-based Docker image does not contain the journalctl binary.

{applies_to}stack: ga 9.3.0 To use the journald input type with Wolfi images, you must configure the chroot option to use the host's journalctl binary. :::

:::{important} When using the Journald input from a Docker container, make sure that either:

• {applies_to}stack: ga 9.3.0 chroot is set.

• The journalctl binary in the container is compatible with your Systemd/journal version. To get the version of the journalctl binary in Filebeat's image run the following, adjusting the image name/tag according to the version that you are running:

  shCopy

  docker run --rm -it --entrypoint "journalctl" docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat:<VERSION> --version
  

  The container variants that contain journalctl are: filebeat, filebeat-oss and filebeat-ubi.

:::

The simplest configuration example is one that reads all logs from the default journal.

filebeat.inputs:
- type: journald
  id: everything

You may wish to have separate inputs for each service. You can use include_matches to specify filtering expressions. A good way to list the journald fields that are available for filtering messages is to run journalctl -o json to output logs and metadata as JSON. This example collects logs from the vault.service systemd unit.

filebeat.inputs:
- type: journald
  id: service-vault
  include_matches.match:
    - _SYSTEMD_UNIT=vault.service

This example collects kernel logs where the message begins with iptables. Note that include_matches is more efficient than Beat processors because that are applied before the data is passed to the Filebeat so prefer them where possible.

filebeat.inputs:
- type: journald
  id: iptables
  include_matches.match:
    - _TRANSPORT=kernel
  processors:
    - drop_event:
        when.not.regexp.message: '^iptables'

Each example adds the id for the input to ensure the cursor is persisted to the registry with a unique ID. The ID should be unique among journald inputs. If you don’t specify and id then one is created for you by hashing the configuration. So when you modify the config this will result in a new ID and a fresh cursor.

Configuration options [filebeat-input-journald-options]

The journald input supports the following configuration options plus the Common options described later.

id [filebeat-input-journald-id]

An unique identifier for the input. By providing a unique id you can operate multiple inputs on the same journal. This allows each input’s cursor to be persisted independently in the registry file. Each journald input must have an unique ID.

filebeat.inputs:
- type: journald
  id: consul.service
  include_matches.match:
    - _SYSTEMD_UNIT=consul.service

- type: journald
  id: vault.service
  include_matches.match:
    - _SYSTEMD_UNIT=vault.service

paths [filebeat-input-journald-paths]

A list of paths that will be crawled and fetched. A path can be either:

• A file path
• {applies_to}stack: ga 9.0.8+ A directory path (to collect events from all journals in a directory). If you specify a directory, Filebeat merges all journals under the directory into a single journal and reads them.

If no paths are specified, Filebeat reads from the default journal.

For example, this configuration will ingest all journals and correctly handle the journald rotation:

  - type: journald
    id: journald-id
    paths:
      - /var/log/journal

:::{warning} If a glob (for example, /var/log/journal/*/*.journal) is used, the journald input will only ingest the journal files found when started. New files will not be ingested. :::

chroot [filebeat-input-journald-chroot]

stack: ga 9.3.0

A folder to be used as chroot when calling journalctl. This allows Filebeat to call the host's journalctl directly.

When chroot is set, if journalctl_path is not explicitly configured, it defaults to /usr/bin/journalctl. If journalctl_path is explicitly set, it must be an absolute path from within the chroot directory.

If using this option in a container, the container needs the capability SYS_CHROOT and {{filebeat}} needs to be running as root (uid 0) to start the chroot. {{filebeat}} also needs permissions to read the desired journals, usually being root or being added to systemd-journal group.

journalctl_path [filebeat-input-journald-journalctl-path]

stack: ga 9.3.0

The path for the journalctl binary. If not set, {{filebeat}} will look for journalctl in PATH. When using chroot, if journalctl_path is not explicitly set, it automatically defaults to /usr/bin/journalctl. If journalctl_path is explicitly set when chroot is configured, it must be an absolute path from within the chroot directory.

merge [filebeat-input-journald-merge]

stack: ga 9.2.0

When enabled, log entries will be ingested interleaved from all available journals, including remote ones. This option is disabled by default.

seek [filebeat-input-journald-seek]

The position to start reading the journal from. Valid settings are:

• head: Starts reading at the beginning of the journal. After a restart, Filebeat resends all log messages in the journal.
• tail: Starts reading at the end of the journal. This means that no events will be sent until a new message is written.
• since: Use the since option to determine where to start reading from.

Regardless of the value of seek if Filebeat has a state (cursor) for this input, the seek value is ignored and the current cursor is used. To reset the cursor, just change the id of the input, this will start from a fresh state.

since [filebeat-input-journald-since]

A time offset from the current time to start reading from. To use since, seek option must be set to since.

This example demonstrates how to resume from the persisted cursor when it exists, or otherwise begin reading logs from the last 24 hours.

seek: since
since: -24h

units [filebeat-input-journald-units]

Iterate only the entries of the units specified in this option. The iterated entries include messages from the units, messages about the units by authorized daemons and coredumps. However, it does not match systemd user units.

syslog_identifiers [filebeat-input-journald-syslog-identifiers]

Read only the entries with the selected syslog identifiers.

transports [filebeat-input-journald-transports]

Collect the messages using the specified transports. Example: syslog.

Valid transports:

• audit: messages from the kernel audit subsystem
• driver: internally generated messages
• syslog: messages received via the local syslog socket with the syslog protocol
• journal: messages received via the native journal protocol
• stdout: messages from a service’s standard output or error output
• kernel: messages from the kernel

facilities [filebeat-input-journald-facilities]

Filter entries by facilities, facilities must be specified using their numeric code.

include_matches [filebeat-input-journald-include-matches]

A collection of filter expressions used to match fields. The format of the expression is field=value or + representing disjunction (i.e. logical OR). Filebeat fetches all events that exactly match the expressions. Pattern matching is not supported.

When + is used, it will cause all matches before and after to be combined in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).

If you configured a filter expression, only entries with this field set will be iterated by the journald reader of Filebeat. If the filter expressions apply to different fields, only entries with all fields set will be iterated. If they apply to the same fields, only entries where the field takes one of the specified values will be iterated.

match: List of filter expressions to match fields.

Please note that these expressions are limited. You can build complex filtering, but full logical expressions are not supported.

The following include matches configuration will ingest entries that contain journald.process.name: systemd and systemd.transport: syslog.

include_matches:
  match:
    - "journald.process.name=systemd"
    - "systemd.transport=syslog"

The following include matches configuration will ingest entries that contain systemd.transport: systemd or systemd.transport: kernel.

include_matches:
  match:
    - "systemd.transport=kernel"
    - "systemd.transport=syslog"

The following include matches configuration is the equivalent of the following logical expression:

A=a OR (B=b AND C=c) OR (D=d AND B=1)

 include_matches:
   match:
     - A=a
     - +
     - B=b
     - C=c
     - +
     - B=1

include_matches translates to journalctl MATCHES, its documentation is not clear about how multiple disjunctions are handled. The previous example was tested with journalctl version 257.

To reference fields, use one of the following:

• The field name used by the systemd journal. For example, CONTAINER_TAG=redis.
• The translated field name used by Filebeat. For example, container.image.tag=redis. Filebeat does not translate all fields from the journal. For custom fields, use the name specified in the systemd journal.

parsers [_parsers_2]

This option expects a list of parsers that the entry has to go through.

Available parsers:

• multiline
• ndjson
• container
• syslog
• include_message

In this example, Filebeat is reading multiline messages that consist of 3 lines and are encapsulated in single-line JSON objects. The multiline message is stored under the key msg.

filebeat.inputs:
- type: journald
  ...
  parsers:
    - ndjson:
        target: ""
        message_key: msg
    - multiline:
        type: count
        count_lines: 3

See the available parser settings in detail below.

multiline [_multiline_4]

Options that control how Filebeat deals with log messages that span multiple lines. See Multiline messages for more information about configuring multiline options.

ndjson [filebeat-input-journald-ndjson]

These options make it possible for Filebeat to decode logs structured as JSON messages. Filebeat processes the entry by line, so the JSON decoding only works if there is one JSON object per message.

The decoding happens before line filtering. You can combine JSON decoding with filtering if you set the message_key option. This can be helpful in situations where the application logs are wrapped in JSON objects, like when using Docker.

Example configuration:

- ndjson:
    target: ""
    add_error_key: true
    message_key: log

target : The name of the new JSON object that should contain the parsed key value pairs. If you leave it empty, the new keys will go under root.

overwrite_keys : Values from the decoded JSON object overwrite the fields that Filebeat normally adds (type, source, offset, etc.) in case of conflicts. Disable it if you want to keep previously added values.

expand_keys : If this setting is enabled, Filebeat will recursively de-dot keys in the decoded JSON, and expand them into a hierarchical object structure. For example, {"a.b.c": 123} would be expanded into {"a":{"b":{"c":123}}}. This setting should be enabled when the input is produced by an ECS logger.

add_error_key : If this setting is enabled, Filebeat adds an "error.message" and "error.type: json" key in case of JSON unmarshalling errors or when a message_key is defined in the configuration but cannot be used.

message_key : An optional configuration setting that specifies a JSON key on which to apply the line filtering and multiline settings. If specified the key must be at the top level in the JSON object and the value associated with the key must be a string, otherwise no filtering or multiline aggregation will occur.

document_id : Option configuration setting that specifies the JSON key to set the document id. If configured, the field will be removed from the original JSON document and stored in @metadata._id

ignore_decoding_error : An optional configuration setting that specifies if JSON decoding errors should be logged or not. If set to true, errors will not be logged. The default is false.

container [_container]

Use the container parser to extract information from containers log files. It parses lines into common message lines, extracting timestamps too.

stream : Reads from the specified streams only: all, stdout or stderr. The default is all.

format : Use the given format when parsing logs: auto, docker or cri. The default is auto, it will automatically detect the format. To disable autodetection set any of the other options.

The following snippet configures Filebeat to read the stdout stream from all containers under the default Kubernetes logs path:

  parsers:
    - container:
        stream: stdout

syslog [_syslog_2]

The syslog parser parses RFC 3164 and/or RFC 5424 formatted syslog messages.

The supported configuration options are:

format : (Optional) The syslog format to use, rfc3164, or rfc5424. To automatically detect the format from the log entries, set this option to auto. The default is auto.

timezone : (Optional) IANA time zone name(e.g. America/New York) or a fixed time offset (e.g. +0200) to use when parsing syslog timestamps that do not contain a time zone. Local may be specified to use the machine’s local time zone. Defaults to Local.

log_errors : (Optional) If true the parser will log syslog parsing errors. Defaults to false.

add_error_key : (Optional) If this setting is enabled, the parser adds or appends to an error.message key with the parsing error that was encountered. Defaults to true.

Example configuration:

- syslog:
    format: rfc3164
    timezone: America/Chicago
    log_errors: true
    add_error_key: true

Timestamps

The RFC 3164 format accepts the following forms of timestamps:

• Local timestamp (Mmm dd hh:mm:ss):

  • Jan 23 14:09:01

• RFC-3339*:

  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15Z
  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15.123456Z
  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15-06:00
  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15.123456-06:00

Note: The local timestamp (for example, Jan 23 14:09:01) that accompanies an RFC 3164 message lacks year and time zone information. The time zone will be enriched using the timezone configuration option, and the year will be enriched using the Filebeat system’s local time (accounting for time zones). Because of this, it is possible for messages to appear in the future. An example of when this might happen is logs generated on December 31 2021 are ingested on January 1 2022. The logs would be enriched with the year 2022 instead of 2021.

The RFC 5424 format accepts the following forms of timestamps:

• RFC-3339:

  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15Z
  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15.123456Z
  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15-06:00
  • 2003-10-11T22:14:15.123456-06:00

Formats with an asterisk (*) are a non-standard allowance.

include_message [_include_message_2]

Use the include_message parser to filter messages in the parsers pipeline. Messages that match the provided pattern are passed to the next parser, the others are dropped.

You should use include_message instead of include_lines if you would like to control when the filtering happens. include_lines runs after the parsers, include_message runs in the parsers pipeline.

patterns : List of regexp patterns to match.

This example shows you how to include messages that start with the string ERR or WARN:

  parsers:
    - include_message.patterns: ["^ERR", "^WARN"]

Translated field names [filebeat-input-journald-translated-fields]

You can use the following translated names in filter expressions to reference journald fields:

Journald field name : Translated name

COREDUMP_UNIT : journald.coredump.unit

COREDUMP_USER_UNIT : journald.coredump.user_unit

OBJECT_AUDIT_LOGINUID : journald.object.audit.login_uid

OBJECT_AUDIT_SESSION : journald.object.audit.session

OBJECT_CMDLINE : journald.object.cmd

OBJECT_COMM : journald.object.name

OBJECT_EXE : journald.object.executable

OBJECT_GID : journald.object.gid

OBJECT_PID : journald.object.pid

OBJECT_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID : journald.object.systemd.owner_uid

OBJECT_SYSTEMD_SESSION : journald.object.systemd.session

OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT : journald.object.systemd.unit

OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT : journald.object.systemd.user_unit

OBJECT_UID : journald.object.uid

_AUDIT_LOGINUID : process.audit.login_uid

_AUDIT_SESSION : process.audit.session

_BOOT_ID : host.boot_id

_CAP_EFFECTIVE : process.capabilites

_CMDLINE : process.cmd

_CODE_FILE : journald.code.file

_CODE_FUNC : journald.code.func

_CODE_LINE : journald.code.line

_COMM : process.name

_EXE : process.executable

_GID : process.uid

_HOSTNAME : host.name

_KERNEL_DEVICE : journald.kernel.device

_KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM : journald.kernel.subsystem

_MACHINE_ID : host.id

_MESSAGE : message

_PID : process.pid

_PRIORITY : logs.syslog.priority

_SYSLOG_FACILITY : logs.syslog.facility.code

_SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER : logs.syslog.identifier.appname

_SYSLOG_PID : log.syslog.procid

_SYSTEMD_CGROUP : systemd.cgroup

_SYSTEMD_INVOCATION_ID : systemd.invocation_id

_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID : systemd.owner_uid

_SYSTEMD_SESSION : systemd.session

_SYSTEMD_SLICE : systemd.slice

_SYSTEMD_UNIT : systemd.unit

_SYSTEMD_USER_SLICE : systemd.user_slice

_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT : systemd.user_unit

_TRANSPORT : systemd.transport

_UDEV_DEVLINK : journald.kernel.device_symlinks

_UDEV_DEVNODE : journald.kernel.device_node_path

_UDEV_SYSNAME : journald.kernel.device_name

_UID : process.uid

The following translated fields for Docker are also available:

CONTAINER_ID_FULL : container.id

CONTAINER_NAME : container.name

IMAGE_NAME : container.image.name

If CONTAINER_PARTIAL_MESSAGE is present and it is true, then the tag partial_message is added to the final event.

Common options [filebeat-input-journald-common-options]

The following configuration options are supported by all inputs.

enabled [_enabled_14]

Use the enabled option to enable and disable inputs. By default, enabled is set to true.

tags [_tags_14]

A list of tags that Filebeat includes in the tags field of each published event. Tags make it easy to select specific events in Kibana or apply conditional filtering in Logstash. These tags will be appended to the list of tags specified in the general configuration.

Example:

filebeat.inputs:
- type: journald
  . . .
  tags: ["json"]

fields [filebeat-input-journald-fields]

Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the output. For example, you might add fields that you can use for filtering log data. Fields can be scalar values, arrays, dictionaries, or any nested combination of these. By default, the fields that you specify here will be grouped under a fields sub-dictionary in the output document. To store the custom fields as top-level fields, set the fields_under_root option to true. If a duplicate field is declared in the general configuration, then its value will be overwritten by the value declared here.

filebeat.inputs:
- type: journald
  . . .
  fields:
    app_id: query_engine_12

fields_under_root [fields-under-root-journald]

If this option is set to true, the custom fields are stored as top-level fields in the output document instead of being grouped under a fields sub-dictionary. If the custom field names conflict with other field names added by Filebeat, then the custom fields overwrite the other fields.

processors [_processors_14]

A list of processors to apply to the input data.

See Processors for information about specifying processors in your config.

pipeline [_pipeline_14]

The ingest pipeline ID to set for the events generated by this input.

::::{note} The pipeline ID can also be configured in the Elasticsearch output, but this option usually results in simpler configuration files. If the pipeline is configured both in the input and output, the option from the input is used. ::::

::::{important} The pipeline is always lowercased. If pipeline: Foo-Bar, then the pipeline name in {{es}} needs to be defined as foo-bar. ::::

keep_null [_keep_null_14]

If this option is set to true, fields with null values will be published in the output document. By default, keep_null is set to false.

index [_index_14]

If present, this formatted string overrides the index for events from this input (for elasticsearch outputs), or sets the raw_index field of the event’s metadata (for other outputs). This string can only refer to the agent name and version and the event timestamp; for access to dynamic fields, use output.elasticsearch.index or a processor.

Example value: "%{[agent.name]}-myindex-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}" might expand to "filebeat-myindex-2019.11.01".

publisher_pipeline.disable_host [_publisher_pipeline_disable_host_14]

By default, all events contain host.name. This option can be set to true to disable the addition of this field to all events. The default value is false.