\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.Mock()\>\>\> my\_mock.some\_method.return\_value="calculated value"\>\>\> my\_mock.some\_attribute="value"\>\>\> assertEqual("calculated value",my\_mock.some\_method())\>\>\> assertEqual("value",my\_mock.some\_attribute)

# Flexmockmock=flexmock(some\_method=lambda:"calculated value",some\_attribute="value")assertEqual("calculated value",mock.some\_method())assertEqual("value",mock.some\_attribute)# Moxmock=mox.MockAnything()mock.some\_method().AndReturn("calculated value")mock.some\_attribute="value"mox.Replay(mock)assertEqual("calculated value",mock.some\_method())assertEqual("value",mock.some\_attribute)# Mockermock=mocker.mock()mock.some\_method()mocker.result("calculated value")mocker.replay()mock.some\_attribute="value"assertEqual("calculated value",mock.some\_method())assertEqual("value",mock.some\_attribute)

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus(some\_attribute="value",... some\_method\_\_returns="calculated value")\>\>\> assertEqual("calculated value",my\_dingus.some\_method())\>\>\> assertEqual("value",my\_dingus.some\_attribute)

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> my\_fake=(fudge.Fake()... .provides('some\_method')... .returns("calculated value")... .has\_attr(some\_attribute="value"))...\>\>\> assertEqual("calculated value",my\_fake.some\_method())\>\>\> assertEqual("value",my\_fake.some\_attribute)

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.Mock()\>\>\> my\_mock.some\_method.return\_value="value"\>\>\> assertEqual("value",my\_mock.some\_method())\>\>\> my\_mock.some\_method.assert\_called\_once\_with()

# Flexmockmock=flexmock()mock.should\_receive("some\_method").and\_return("value").onceassertEqual("value",mock.some\_method())# Moxmock=mox.MockAnything()mock.some\_method().AndReturn("value")mox.Replay(mock)assertEqual("value",mock.some\_method())mox.Verify(mock)# Mockermock=mocker.mock()mock.some\_method()mocker.result("value")mocker.replay()assertEqual("value",mock.some\_method())mocker.verify()

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus(some\_method\_\_returns="value")\>\>\> assertEqual("value",my\_dingus.some\_method())\>\>\> assertmy\_dingus.some\_method.calls().once()

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> @fudge.test... deftest():... my\_fake=(fudge.Fake()... .expects('some\_method')... .returns("value")... .times\_called(1))...\>\>\> test()Traceback (most recent call last):...AssertionError:fake:my\_fake.some\_method() was not called

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> SomeObject.some\_method=mock.Mock(return\_value='value')\>\>\> assertEqual("value",SomeObject.some\_method())

# Flexmockflexmock(SomeObject).should\_receive("some\_method").and\_return('value')assertEqual("value",mock.some\_method())# Moxmock=mox.MockObject(SomeObject)mock.some\_method().AndReturn("value")mox.Replay(mock)assertEqual("value",mock.some\_method())mox.Verify(mock)# Mockermock=mocker.mock(SomeObject)mock.Get()mocker.result("value")mocker.replay()assertEqual("value",mock.some\_method())mocker.verify()

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> object=SomeObject\>\>\> object.some\_method=dingus.Dingus(return\_value="value")\>\>\> assertEqual("value",object.some\_method())

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> fake=fudge.Fake().is\_callable().returns("\<fudge-value\>")\>\>\> withfudge.patched\_context(SomeObject,'some\_method',fake):... s=SomeObject()... assertEqual("\<fudge-value\>",s.some\_method())...

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.Mock(spec=SomeObject)\>\>\> my\_mock.method1()\<Mock name='mock.method1()' id='...'\>\>\>\> my\_mock.method2()\<Mock name='mock.method2()' id='...'\>\>\>\> assertEqual(my\_mock.mock\_calls,[call.method1(),call.method2()])

# Flexmockmock=flexmock(SomeObject)mock.should\_receive('method1').once.ordered.and\_return('first thing')mock.should\_receive('method2').once.ordered.and\_return('second thing')# Moxmock=mox.MockObject(SomeObject)mock.method1().AndReturn('first thing')mock.method2().AndReturn('second thing')mox.Replay(mock)mox.Verify(mock)# Mockermock=mocker.mock()withmocker.order():mock.method1()mocker.result('first thing')mock.method2()mocker.result('second thing')mocker.replay()mocker.verify()

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus()\>\>\> my\_dingus.method1()\<Dingus ...\>\>\>\> my\_dingus.method2()\<Dingus ...\>\>\>\> assertEqual(['method1','method2'],[call.nameforcallinmy\_dingus.calls])

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> @fudge.test... deftest():... my\_fake=(fudge.Fake()... .remember\_order()... .expects('method1')... .expects('method2'))... my\_fake.method2()... my\_fake.method1()...\>\>\> test()Traceback (most recent call last):...AssertionError: Call #1 was fake:my\_fake.method2(); Expected:#1 fake:my\_fake.method1(), #2 fake:my\_fake.method2(), end

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.Mock()\>\>\> my\_mock.some\_method.side\_effect=SomeException("message")\>\>\> assertRaises(SomeException,my\_mock.some\_method)

# Flexmockmock=flexmock()mock.should\_receive("some\_method").and\_raise(SomeException("message"))assertRaises(SomeException,mock.some\_method)# Moxmock=mox.MockAnything()mock.some\_method().AndRaise(SomeException("message"))mox.Replay(mock)assertRaises(SomeException,mock.some\_method)mox.Verify(mock)# Mockermock=mocker.mock()mock.some\_method()mocker.throw(SomeException("message"))mocker.replay()assertRaises(SomeException,mock.some\_method)mocker.verify()

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus()\>\>\> my\_dingus.some\_method=dingus.exception\_raiser(SomeException)\>\>\> assertRaises(SomeException,my\_dingus.some\_method)

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> my\_fake=(fudge.Fake()... .is\_callable()... .raises(SomeException("message")))...\>\>\> my\_fake()Traceback (most recent call last):...SomeException:message

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> withmock.patch('somemodule.Someclass')asMockClass:... MockClass.return\_value=some\_other\_object... assertEqual(some\_other\_object,somemodule.Someclass())...

# Flexmockflexmock(some\_module.SomeClass,new\_instances=some\_other\_object)assertEqual(some\_other\_object,some\_module.SomeClass())# Mox# (you will probably have mox.Mox() available as self.mox in a real test)mox.Mox().StubOutWithMock(some\_module,'SomeClass',use\_mock\_anything=True)some\_module.SomeClass().AndReturn(some\_other\_object)mox.ReplayAll()assertEqual(some\_other\_object,some\_module.SomeClass())# Mockerinstance=mocker.mock()klass=mocker.replace(SomeClass,spec=None)klass('expected','args')mocker.result(instance)

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> MockClass=dingus.Dingus(return\_value=some\_other\_object)\>\>\> withdingus.patch('somemodule.SomeClass',MockClass):... assertEqual(some\_other\_object,somemodule.SomeClass())...

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> @fudge.patch('somemodule.SomeClass')... deftest(FakeClass):... FakeClass.is\_callable().returns(some\_other\_object)... assertEqual(some\_other\_object,somemodule.SomeClass())...\>\>\> test()

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.Mock()\>\>\> my\_mock.some\_method()\<Mock name='mock.some\_method()' id='...'\>\>\>\> my\_mock.some\_method()\<Mock name='mock.some\_method()' id='...'\>\>\>\> assertmy\_mock.some\_method.call\_count\>=2

# Flexmock # (verifies that the method gets called at least twice)flexmock(some\_object).should\_receive('some\_method').at\_least.twice# Mox# (does not support variable number of calls, so you need to create a new entry for each explicit call)mock=mox.MockObject(some\_object)mock.some\_method(mox.IgnoreArg(),mox.IgnoreArg())mock.some\_method(mox.IgnoreArg(),mox.IgnoreArg())mox.Replay(mock)mox.Verify(mock)# Mocker# (TODO)

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus()\>\>\> my\_dingus.some\_method()\<Dingus ...\>\>\>\> my\_dingus.some\_method()\<Dingus ...\>\>\>\> assertlen(my\_dingus.calls('some\_method'))==2

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> @fudge.test... deftest():... my\_fake=fudge.Fake().expects('some\_method').times\_called(2)... my\_fake.some\_method()...\>\>\> test()Traceback (most recent call last):...AssertionError:fake:my\_fake.some\_method() was called 1 time(s). Expected 2.

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.Mock()\>\>\> method3=my\_mock.method1.return\_value.method2.return\_value.method3\>\>\> method3.return\_value='some value'\>\>\> assertEqual('some value',my\_mock.method1().method2().method3(1,2))\>\>\> method3.assert\_called\_once\_with(1,2)

# Flexmock# (intermediate method calls are automatically assigned to temporary fake objects# and can be called with any arguments)flexmock(some\_object).should\_receive('method1.method2.method3').with\_args(arg1,arg2).and\_return('some value')assertEqual('some\_value',some\_object.method1().method2().method3(arg1,arg2))

# Moxmock=mox.MockObject(some\_object)mock2=mox.MockAnything()mock3=mox.MockAnything()mock.method1().AndReturn(mock1)mock2.method2().AndReturn(mock2)mock3.method3(arg1,arg2).AndReturn('some\_value')self.mox.ReplayAll()assertEqual("some\_value",some\_object.method1().method2().method3(arg1,arg2))self.mox.VerifyAll()# Mocker# (TODO)

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus()\>\>\> method3=my\_dingus.method1.return\_value.method2.return\_value.method3\>\>\> method3.return\_value='some value'\>\>\> assertEqual('some value',my\_dingus.method1().method2().method3(1,2))\>\>\> assertmethod3.calls('()',1,2).once()

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> @fudge.test... deftest():... my\_fake=fudge.Fake()... (my\_fake... .expects('method1')... .returns\_fake()... .expects('method2')... .returns\_fake()... .expects('method3')... .with\_args(1,2)... .returns('some value'))... assertEqual('some value',my\_fake.method1().method2().method3(1,2))...\>\>\> test()

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.MagicMock()\>\>\> withmy\_mock:... pass...\>\>\> my\_mock.\_\_enter\_\_.assert\_called\_with()\>\>\> my\_mock.\_\_exit\_\_.assert\_called\_with(None,None,None)

\>\>\> # Dingus (nothing special here; all dinguses are "magic mocks")\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus()\>\>\> withmy\_dingus:... pass...\>\>\> assertmy\_dingus.\_\_enter\_\_.calls()\>\>\> assertmy\_dingus.\_\_exit\_\_.calls('()',None,None,None)

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> my\_fake=fudge.Fake().provides('\_\_enter\_\_').provides('\_\_exit\_\_')\>\>\> withmy\_fake:... pass...

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> my\_mock=mock.MagicMock()\>\>\> withmock.patch('\_\_builtin\_\_.open',my\_mock):... manager=my\_mock.return\_value.\_\_enter\_\_.return\_value... manager.read.return\_value='some data'... withopen('foo')ash:... data=h.read()...\>\>\> data'some data'\>\>\> my\_mock.assert\_called\_once\_with('foo')

\>\>\> # mock\>\>\> withmock.patch('\_\_builtin\_\_.open')asmy\_mock:... my\_mock.return\_value.\_\_enter\_\_=lambdas:s... my\_mock.return\_value.\_\_exit\_\_=mock.Mock()... my\_mock.return\_value.read.return\_value='some data'... withopen('foo')ash:... data=h.read()...\>\>\> data'some data'\>\>\> my\_mock.assert\_called\_once\_with('foo')

\>\>\> # Dingus\>\>\> my\_dingus=dingus.Dingus()\>\>\> withdingus.patch('\_\_builtin\_\_.open',my\_dingus):... file\_=open.return\_value.\_\_enter\_\_.return\_value... file\_.read.return\_value='some data'... withopen('foo')ash:... data=f.read()...\>\>\> data'some data'\>\>\> assertmy\_dingus.calls('()','foo').once()

\>\>\> # fudge\>\>\> fromcontextlibimportcontextmanager\>\>\> fromStringIOimportStringIO\>\>\> @contextmanager... deffake\_file(filename):... yieldStringIO('sekrets')...\>\>\> withfudge.patch('\_\_builtin\_\_.open')asfake\_open:... fake\_open.is\_callable().calls(fake\_file)... withopen('/etc/password')asf:... data=f.read()...fake:\_\_builtin\_\_.open\>\>\> data'sekrets'