Multi Node Testing

Module info

@@@note The Akka dependencies are available from Akka’s secure library repository. To access them you need to use a secure, tokenized URL as specified at https://account.akka.io/token. @@@

To use Multi Node Testing, you must add the following dependency in your project:

@@dependency[sbt,Maven,Gradle] { bomGroup=com.typesafe.akka bomArtifact=akka-bom_$scala.binary.version$ bomVersionSymbols=AkkaVersion symbol1=AkkaVersion value1="$akka.version$" group=com.typesafe.akka artifact=akka-multi-node-testkit_$scala.binary.version$ version=AkkaVersion scope=test }

@@project-info{ projectId="akka-multi-node-testkit" }

Multi Node Testing Concepts

When we talk about multi node testing in Akka we mean the process of running coordinated tests on multiple actor systems in different JVMs. The multi node testing kit consist of three main parts.

@ref:The Test Conductor. that coordinates and controls the nodes under test.
@ref:The Multi Node Spec. that is a convenience wrapper for starting the @apidoc[TestConductor$] and letting all nodes connect to it.
@ref:The SbtMultiJvm Plugin. that starts tests in multiple JVMs possibly on multiple machines.

The Test Conductor

The basis for the multi node testing is the @apidoc[TestConductor$]. It is an Akka Extension that plugs in to the network stack and it is used to coordinate the nodes participating in the test and provides several features including:

Node Address Lookup: Finding out the full path to another test node (No need to share configuration between test nodes)
Node Barrier Coordination: Waiting for other nodes at named barriers.
Network Failure Injection: Throttling traffic, dropping packets, unplugging and plugging nodes back in.

This is a schematic overview of the test conductor.

The test conductor server is responsible for coordinating barriers and sending commands to the test conductor clients that act upon them, e.g. throttling network traffic to/from another client. More information on the possible operations is available in the @apidocakka.remote.testconductor.Conductor API documentation.

The Multi Node Spec

The Multi Node Spec consists of two parts. The @apidoc[MultiNodeConfig] that is responsible for common configuration and enumerating and naming the nodes under test. The MultiNodeSpec that contains a number of convenience functions for making the test nodes interact with each other. More information on the possible operations is available in the @apidocakka.remote.testkit.MultiNodeSpec API documentation.

The setup of the MultiNodeSpec is configured through java system properties that you set on all JVMs that's going to run a node under test. These can be set on the JVM command line with -Dproperty=value.

These are the available properties: : * multinode.max-nodes The maximum number of nodes that a test can have. * multinode.host The host name or IP for this node. Must be resolvable using InetAddress.getByName. * multinode.port The port number for this node. Defaults to 0 which will use a random port. * multinode.server-host The host name or IP for the server node. Must be resolvable using InetAddress.getByName. * multinode.server-port The port number for the server node. Defaults to 4711. * multinode.index The index of this node in the sequence of roles defined for the test. The index 0 is special and that machine will be the server. All failure injection and throttling must be done from this node.

The SbtMultiJvm Plugin

The @ref:SbtMultiJvm Plugin has been updated to be able to run multi node tests, by automatically generating the relevant multinode.* properties. This means that you can run multi node tests on a single machine without any special configuration by running them as normal multi-jvm tests. These tests can then be run distributed over multiple machines without any changes by using the multi-node additions to the plugin.

Multi Node Specific Additions

The plugin also has a number of new multi-node-* sbt tasks and settings to support running tests on multiple machines. The necessary test classes and dependencies are packaged for distribution to other machines with SbtAssembly into a jar file with a name on the format <projectName>_<scalaVersion>-<projectVersion>-multi-jvm-assembly.jar

@@@ note

To be able to distribute and kick off the tests on multiple machines, it is assumed that both host and target systems are POSIX like systems with ssh and rsync available.

@@@

These are the available sbt multi-node settings: : * multiNodeHosts A sequence of hosts to use for running the test, on the form user@host:java where host is the only required part. Will override settings from file. * multiNodeHostsFileName A file to use for reading in the hosts to use for running the test. One per line on the same format as above. Defaults to multi-node-test.hosts in the base project directory. * multiNodeTargetDirName A name for the directory on the target machine, where to copy the jar file. Defaults to multi-node-test in the base directory of the ssh user used to rsync the jar file. * multiNodeJavaName The name of the default Java executable on the target machines. Defaults to java.

Here are some examples of how you define hosts: : * localhost The current user on localhost using the default java. * user1@host1 User user1 on host host1 with the default java. * user2@host2:/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/java User user2 on host host2 using java 7. * host3:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk-amd64/bin/java The current user on host host3 using java 6.

Running the Multi Node Tests

To run all the multi node test in multi-node mode (i.e. distributing the jar files and kicking off the tests remotely) from inside sbt, use the multiNodeTest task:

none

multiNodeTest

To run all of them in multi-jvm mode (i.e. all JVMs on the local machine) do:

none

multi-jvm:test

To run individual tests use the multiNodeTestOnly task:

none

multiNodeTestOnly your.MultiNodeTest

To run individual tests in the multi-jvm mode do:

none

multi-jvm:testOnly your.MultiNodeTest

More than one test name can be listed to run multiple specific tests. Tab completion in sbt makes it easy to complete the test names.

A Multi Node Testing Example

First we need some scaffolding to hook up the @apidoc[MultiNodeSpec] with your favorite test framework. Lets define a trait STMultiNodeSpec that uses ScalaTest to start and stop MultiNodeSpec.

@@snip STMultiNodeSpec.scala { #example }

Then we need to define a configuration. Lets use two nodes "node1 and "node2" and call it MultiNodeSampleConfig.

@@snip MultiNodeSample.scala { #package #config }

And then finally to the node test code. That starts the two nodes, and demonstrates a barrier, and a remote actor message send/receive.

@@snip MultiNodeSample.scala { #package #spec }

Things to Keep in Mind

There are a couple of things to keep in mind when writing multi node tests or else your tests might behave in surprising ways.

Don't issue a shutdown of the first node. The first node is the controller and if it shuts down your test will break.
To be able to use blackhole, passThrough, and throttle you must activate the failure injector and throttler transport adapters by specifying @scala[@scaladoctestTransport(on = true)]@java[@javadoctestTransport(true)] in your MultiNodeConfig.
Throttling, shutdown and other failure injections can only be done from the first node, which again is the controller.
Don't ask for the address of a node using node(address) after the node has been shut down. Grab the address before shutting down the node.
Don't use MultiNodeSpec methods like address lookup, barrier entry et.c. from other threads than the main test thread. This also means that you shouldn't use them from inside an actor, a future, or a scheduled task.

Configuration

There are several configuration properties for the Multi-Node Testing module, please refer to the @ref:reference configuration.