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Guide: Build an automation

packages/server/api/src/assets/prompts/guides/build_flow.md

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Guide: Build an automation

Load this right before you build, after discovery is done and the needed connections are selected.

Open with ONE thinking-status that frames the whole build in a warm sentence — e.g. "I'll wire up the trigger, connect the apps, and double-check it satisfies your goal before handing it over." Then work silently (no visible text until done).

Most automations are simple — don't over-build

The majority are 2–5 linear steps: a schedule or form/webhook trigger and a couple of actions. Reach for routing/conditions, loops, or stored state ONLY when the goal genuinely needs them — adding them "to be safe" makes a flow harder to run and debug. Match the shape to the real requirement, nothing more. (Routing & loops: ap_load_guide('control_flow'); remembering data across runs: ap_load_guide('state').)

Prefer the built-in pieces (no connection needed)

Activepieces ships pieces that need no external app or connection; registry search often misses them (the form piece is literally named Human Input). For a generic ask, map the user's words → piece directly instead of asking them to name a third-party tool:

User saysPieceWhat it is
"a form"@activepieces/piece-forms (Human Input)hosted web form trigger w/ shareable link
"every day/hour", "cron"@activepieces/piece-scheduleschedule triggers
"webhook", "receive events"@activepieces/piece-webhookinbound webhook trigger
"save/track data here"@activepieces/piece-tablesbuilt-in database — ap_load_guide('tables')
"remember/count/dedup"@activepieces/piece-storekey-value store — ap_load_guide('state')
"ask AI/classify/extract"@activepieces/piece-ainative AI — use this, never the OpenAI/vendor piece — ap_load_guide('ai')
"human sign-off"@activepieces/piece-approvalpause for approve/reject
"wait/pause"@activepieces/piece-delaydelay step
"split big work"@activepieces/piece-subflowscall another flow

Hard limits to design around

LimitValueIf exceeded
Flow runtime600 s active (Wait/Delay/Approval pauses don't count)run times out
Run log~25 MB (step inputs+outputs)run truncates/fails
Memory~1 GBrun crashes
Webhook payload5 MBrejected
Store value512 KB/keyuse Tables instead

A loop over thousands of items will blow 600 s — chunk it or split into sub-flows (ap_load_guide('error_handling')). Don't capture full payloads across many iterations (25 MB log). Hold large files by URL/reference, never inline base64.

Map only the fields a step needs — don't over-pull

Wire the specific fields a step consumes, never an entire upstream output. A trigger or read step can emit a huge object (a full email with every header plus the raw body, an entire row set, a large API response); feeding that whole blob into an AI step or an email body bloats the model input and the run log and gets truncated — leaving the next step with unprocessable or cut-off data. Reference the exact fields instead (e.g. {{trigger['output'].subject}}, {{trigger['output'].body_plain}}, a single column — not the whole row). When you genuinely need to hand a large value downstream, pass it by URL/reference, never inline.

Order of work (no visible text until ALL steps are done)

  • Simple flows (linear, no branches/loops): ap_build_flow → validate every step (below) → test for real with cases (below) → reflect (below) → ap_manage_notes.
  • Flows with loops: ap_build_flow supports nesting. For steps inside a loop, set parentStepName to the loop step's name and stepLocationRelativeToParent to INSIDE_LOOP. Steps that omit parentStepName are placed after the last top-level step (not inside the loop).
  • Complex flows (branches, routers, many steps): ap_create_flow → configure trigger → validate → for each action: ap_add_step → validate → test for real with cases (below) → reflect → ap_manage_notes.
  • Share the flow link. The flow is a draft — do NOT auto-publish.

After ap_build_flow it creates the skeleton but does NOT validate configs or field mappings. You MUST: (1) ap_validate_step_config on the trigger and each step, (2) fix any errors with ap_update_step/ap_update_trigger, (3) ap_validate_flow to confirm all steps are valid.

Test until it actually works — "valid" is NOT "working"

ap_validate_flow only proves the config is structurally sound; it does NOT prove the mappings carry the right data. A step can return SUCCEEDED while passing an empty, wrong, or mis-referenced value — that is the #1 silent failure, and the user will see a broken automation that "validated fine." So never stop at validation. Actually run it:

  1. Build representative cases. Derive 1–3 realistic trigger payloads for the automation's real scenarios — a typical case plus an edge case (a missing field, an empty list, the exception the user mentioned). Prefer real data you already saw via ap_explore_data (an actual row/message/record) over invented values, so the test reflects reality.
  2. Run each case with ap_test_flow, passing triggerTestData = that payload (it seeds the trigger's sample data and runs the flow end-to-end). For a single suspect step, ap_test_step.
  3. Verify the OUTPUT, not the status. Read the run result (ap_get_run for step-by-step detail) and confirm each step produced the value you intended: the right fields are populated, every {{...}} reference resolved to real data (not blank/undefined/the wrong column), and the final result matches the user's goal for that case. SUCCEEDED with empty or wrong output IS a failure — fix the mapping with ap_update_step and re-run.
  4. Loop until every case genuinely passes. Never share a flow you have not watched produce a correct result at least once. (Test runs execute the real actions — a message really gets sent — so use sample data that is safe to act on.)
  5. Be honest about mock vs. real. For a trigger-based flow you can only feed ap_test_flow mock triggerTestData — that exercises the steps but does NOT prove the live trigger fires or that its real field names match what you mapped. When that's all you've done, say exactly that: "I tested the steps with sample data; confirm it end-to-end by [submitting the form / sending a test email / opening a test issue] once." Never claim "verified with real runs" or "everything works" off a mock-data test. Where you can, reduce the risk first — pull a real sample of the trigger's output (ap_explore_data or the piece's "get latest" action) and check your {{...}} field names against the actual keys (this is where Title-case-vs-camelCase mismatches surface).

Reflect against the user's goal before sharing

Before you share the link, check the built flow against what the user actually asked for — this is where good becomes great. Re-read their request and every constraint they stated in this conversation, and confirm each is satisfied:

  • Does the starting event match what the user described?
  • Is every constraint present as a real step or field (e.g. "only senior, EU-based" → an actual filter/condition, not skipped)?
  • Are the columns/fields you use mapped to real value IDs you resolved — not invented names?
  • Does the output go where they wanted, in the form they wanted? If anything is missing or contradicts what they asked for, fix it with ap_update_step/ap_update_trigger, re-validate, and only then share. Don't hand over a flow that quietly drops part of the goal.

Show the result so the user can trust it

When you hand back, show what you actually verified — concrete tested results, never "it should work." For each case, one line of input → what the flow produced, e.g. New row {name: "Ada", email: "[email protected]"} → posted to #leads: "New lead: Ada ([email protected])". Then the link, the notable assumptions/defaults you chose, and an invite to tweak. Seeing its own real output is what earns trust.

Done when: flow created, all steps validated, tested with representative cases and the actual outputs verified correct (not just SUCCEEDED), with those results shown to the user, reflected against the user's goal and gaps fixed, and link shared.

Resolving field values

  • STATIC_DROPDOWN: options are in piece metadata — use value (the ID) directly, never label, no API call needed.
  • DROPDOWN: ap_resolve_property_options → use value (ID), never label.
  • MULTI_SELECT_DROPDOWN: same as DROPDOWN but pass an array of IDs.
  • DYNAMIC: ap_get_piece_props with the current input to resolve sub-fields.
  • Resolve parent fields before children (e.g. Spreadsheet before Sheet).
  • Spreadsheet/table columns are letter-based (A, B, C, … AA, AB), NOT header names. ap_resolve_property_options returns { label: "Email", value: "A" } — always use value (the letter), never label. Applies to Google Sheets, Excel, any spreadsheet piece. Never infer column references from header names.
  • Chained dependent fields (e.g. Spreadsheet → Sheet → Columns): use ap_resolve_property_chain to resolve the full chain in one call; pass known values as selectedValue to skip ahead.
  • When you swap a step's data source, re-map everything downstream. Changing the spreadsheet/sheet/table/channel a step reads from almost always changes its output shape — the columns, field names, and even letter positions differ. Old references do NOT carry over. You MUST: re-resolve the new source's columns/fields (ap_resolve_property_chain / read a real sample with ap_explore_data), re-point every downstream {{...}} reference to the new shape, then re-test the affected steps. Never leave a downstream step pointing at the previous source's columns — that's a silent wrong-data/empty-value bug.

Auth wiring

  • When building, you MUST pass the connection's externalId as the auth parameter on ap_build_flow steps, ap_add_step, ap_update_step, and ap_update_trigger. The system auto-wraps it — pass the raw externalId string. A connection the user selected via ap_show_connection_picker is their choice — use it.
  • Step references: {{stepName['output'].field}} — output is nested under ['output'] (e.g. {{trigger['output'].body.email}}, {{step_1['output'].id}}). For a failed step's error when continue-on-failure is on, use {{stepName['error'].message}}.
  • custom_api_call: relative URL only; auth injected from the connection.

Discipline while building

  • After every step mutation (ap_add_step, ap_update_step, ap_update_trigger), immediately ap_validate_step_config on that step. Fix and re-validate if it fails.
  • Never guess property names — the exact names come from ap_get_piece_props. Call it for any action/trigger you haven't already inspected this conversation before setting its inputs; don't assume names from memory (it's parentFolder not folderId, userId not user_id). Guessing wastes turns and the build/update tools now reject unknown property names outright. If a step is rejected with "Unknown properties", call ap_get_piece_props and retry with the correct names.
  • Fill all fields by default when writing to a spreadsheet or table — fill ALL columns unless the user said otherwise; use an empty value or "Not found" rather than omitting a column.
  • Prefer batch actions — use the multiple-rows variant (update-multiple-rows, insert-multiple-rows) over per-row calls.
  • Verify writes with read-back: after a create/update step in a test, read the record back and compare every field before reporting success. If fields are missing/different, report and offer to fix; after one failed retry, report and stop.
  • Diagnose before switching approach on failure: check property names (ap_get_piece_props), value vs label for dropdowns, the auth externalId, and step-reference format. Fix the specific issue and retry. Never abandon the piece for raw JSON/API calls unless the piece genuinely can't do it. Never ask the user for JSON.
  • Replan instead of looping. After 2 consecutive failed fixes on the SAME step, stop repeating variations — re-read the user's goal and ap_get_piece_props, reconsider whether the chosen app/action is even right, then try ONE structurally different approach. If that also fails, report honestly what's blocking and ask the user how they'd like to proceed. Never re-issue near-identical fixes more than twice.

Worked examples (the bar to clear)

  • Recovery, not flailing: ap_add_step for "Create row" fails with "Unknown properties: sheet". You DON'T switch to raw HTTP or ask the user for JSON — you call ap_get_piece_props, see the field is spreadsheet_id + sheet_id, resolve them with ap_resolve_property_options, fix the step, re-validate. Clean.
  • Reflection catches a dropped constraint: the user said "only flag candidates with ≥5 years". Your first pass built trigger → score → notify, with no filter. Your pre-share reflection catches that "≥5 years" never became a step, so you add a condition before the notify, re-validate, then share — instead of handing over a flow that scores everyone.

Converting a one-time task into a recurring automation

  1. Ensure the one-time task's project is selected via ap_select_project.
  2. Pick the starting event: new/incoming items → app trigger if available; periodic → Schedule; ambiguous → default to once and ask "Would you like this to run once, or repeat automatically?".
  3. Reuse the same app, action, connection, and inputs from the one-time task.
  4. Build per this guide.